What is gas chromatography (GC)?

Gas chromatography is a method used for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition.

What are the components of a GC system?

The main components of a GC system include a mobile phase (carrier gas), stationary phase (column), detector, injector, and possibly an autosampler.

How does the flame ionization detector work?

The flame ionization detector works by detecting ions formed during the combustion of organic compounds in a hydrogen flame, generating a current proportional to the amount of organic compound present.

What are packed and capillary columns?

Packed columns have stationary phase coated directly inside while capillary columns have stationary phase coated on the inner wall.

How can the results from GC be interpreted?

Results are presented as a chromatogram, where the x-axis shows the time taken for analytes to pass through the column, and the y-axis reflects the quantity of specific analytes present.

Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detector Animation

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PV4NYBUaUrQ

Zusammenfassung

TLDRGas chromatography (GC) is a vital analytical technique used to separate and analyze compounds that can vaporize without decomposing. GC involves a mobile phase (typically helium, nitrogen, or argon) and a stationary phase (a column in an oven). A detector, often a flame ionization detector, measures the analytes in the gas stream. Samples can be introduced automatically via an autosampler or manually through an injector. The separation occurs based on the differential partitioning between the stationary and mobile phases. Various factors like temperature, carrier gas flow rate, and column length influence the separation efficiency. The detected results contribute to a gas chromatogram, which displays time on the x-axis and analyte quantity on the y-axis.

Mitbringsel

🔍 Gas chromatography is used for analyzing vaporizable compounds.
🚀 Mobile phase is a carrier gas like helium or nitrogen.
📦 Two column types: packed and capillary.
🔥 Flame ionization detector is widely used in GC.
⚗️ Differential partitioning determines separation speed.
💡 Autosampler helps in automated sample introduction.
🌡️ Column temperature affects the outcome of the process.
📊 Chromatograms visualize analyte separation results.

Zeitleiste

00:00:00 - 00:03:47
Gas chromatography (GC) is widely used in analytical chemistry to separate and analyze vaporizable compounds. It utilizes a mobile phase (carrier gas) and a stationary phase (column), with temperature control available in the oven. The flame ionization detector, commonly powered by hydrogen and air, measures analytes in the gas stream. Samples can be introduced manually or automatically through an autosampler. Injections occur via syringes into a heated chamber, where the heat volatilizes the samples, allowing them to be swept into the column by the carrier gas. The GC process involves two column types: packed and capillary. Differential partitioning between mobile and stationary phases influences separation, influenced by factors such as temperature and gas flow rate. Various detectors can be used, with the flame ionization detector detecting ions formed from organic combustions, generating a measurable current. The final data, indicating components in the mixture, is visualized through gas chromatograms with time and peak area representing analyte concentration.

Mind Map

Video-Fragen und Antworten

What is gas chromatography (GC)?
Gas chromatography is a method used for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition.
What are the components of a GC system?
The main components of a GC system include a mobile phase (carrier gas), stationary phase (column), detector, injector, and possibly an autosampler.
How does the flame ionization detector work?
The flame ionization detector works by detecting ions formed during the combustion of organic compounds in a hydrogen flame, generating a current proportional to the amount of organic compound present.
What are packed and capillary columns?
Packed columns have stationary phase coated directly inside while capillary columns have stationary phase coated on the inner wall.
How can the results from GC be interpreted?
Results are presented as a chromatogram, where the x-axis shows the time taken for analytes to pass through the column, and the y-axis reflects the quantity of specific analytes present.

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Untertitel

Automatisches Blättern:

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gas chromatography GC is a common type
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of chromatography used in analytical
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chemistry for separating and analyzing
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compounds that can be vaporized without
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decomposition in gas chromatography
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there is a mobile phase which is a
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carrier gas such as helium nitrogen and
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argon and there is stationary phase
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called a column which located in an oven
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where the temperature of the gas can be
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controlled there is also a detector that
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measures analytes in a gas stream
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attached to the GC system the flame
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ionization detector is almost
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universally employed where the flame
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commonly is generated with hydrogen and
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air
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the autosampler provides the means to
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introduce a sample automatically into
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the inlets also manual insertion of the
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sample is possible the column Inlet or
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injector is attached to the column head
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and provides the means to introduce a
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sample into a continuous flow of carrier
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gas
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in the injector a sample is introduced
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into a heated chamber via syringe
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through a septum the heat facilitates
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volatilization of the sample and sample
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matrix the carrier gas then either
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sweeps the entirety split 'less mode or
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a portion split mode of the sample into
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the column in split mode a part of the
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sample carrier gas mixture in the
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injection chamber is exhausted through
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the split vent
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then split --less mode all the sample
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carrier gas mixture in the injection
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chamber is transported through the
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column
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two types of columns used in GC packed
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column where the stationary phase is
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coated directly in the column and
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capillary column where the stationary
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phase is coated with the inner wall of
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the column the mixture separation is
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based on differential partitioning of
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the components between the mobile and
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stationary phases the component which
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has less affinity to the stationary
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phase consequently less interaction
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travels faster and diluted out first and
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the component which has more affinity to
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the stationary phase consequently more
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interaction travels slower and diluted
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later
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in addition other factors influence the
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separation of the components such as
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column temperature carrier gas flow rate
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column length and amount of material
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injected as compounds ellyiot from the
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column they interact with the detector
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different types of detectors can be used
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such as the flame ionization detector
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thermal conductivity detector and mass
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spectrometer detector the operation of
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the flame ionization detector is based
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on the detection of ions formed during
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combustion of organic compounds in a
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flame which generated by hydrogen and
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air to detect these ions two electrodes
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are used to provide a potential
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difference the positive electrode
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doubles as the nozzle head where the
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flame is produced the other negative
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electrode is positioned above the flame
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when an organic compound is mixed within
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the hydrogen flame mainly carbon ions
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are generated
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and a current is produced between the
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electrodes proportionally to the amount
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of organic compound present
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this current is measured with a volectro
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meter amplified into proper voltage and
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fed into an integrator
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the manner in which the final data is
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displayed is based on the computer in
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software
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the number of Peaks present can indicate
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how many components are in the mixture
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usually the x-axis of the gas
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chromatogram shows the amount of time
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taken for the analytes to pass through
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the column and reach the F ID detector
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typically the y-axis or the area of the
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peak is a reflection of the amount of a
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specific analyte that's present
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you