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deconstructivism is a development of
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postmodern architecture that began in
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the late
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1980s it is influenced by the theory of
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deconstruction which is a form of
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semiotic analysis it is characterized by
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fragmentation an interest in
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manipulating a structures surface skin
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non-rectilinear shapes which appear to
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distort and dislocate elements of
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architecture such as structure and
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envelope the finished visual appearance
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of buildings that exhibit
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deconstructivist styles is characterized
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by unpredictability and Controlled Chaos
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history deconstructivism came to public
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notice with the 1982 Park de laet
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architectural design competition the
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Museum of Modern Arty euro1 registered
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trademark S1 1988 deconstructivist
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architecture exhibition in New York
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organized by Philip Johnson and Mark
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wiggley and the 1989 opening of the Aire
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Center for the Arts in Columbus designed
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by Peter senman the New York exhibition
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featured works by Frank gurri Daniel
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lekin REM kulus Peter isenman Sahar haed
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kiml l or and Bernard chumi since the
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exhibition some Architects associated
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with deconstructivism have distanced
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themselves from it nonetheless the term
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has stuck and has come to embrace a
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general Trend within contemporary
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architecture misconceptions Bernard
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chumi stated that calling the work of
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The Architects who exhibited in 1988 and
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competed for the park de laeta movement
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or a new style was out of context and
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showed a lack of understanding of their
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ideas shimi believed that
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deconstructivism was simply a move
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against the practice of postmodernism
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which he said involved making Doric
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temporal forms out of plywood Gallery
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history context and influences modernism
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and
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postmodernism the term deconstructivism
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in contemporary architecture is opposed
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to to the ordered rationality of
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modernism and
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postmodernism though postmodernist and
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NACI deconstructivist Architects both
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published in the journal oppositions
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that journal's contents Mark a decisive
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break between the two movements
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deconstructivism took a confrontational
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stance to architectural history wanting
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to disassemble architecture while
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postmodernism returned to embrace the
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historical references that modernism had
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shunned possibly ironically
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deconstructivism rejected the postmodern
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acceptance of such references as well as
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the idea of ornament as an afterthought
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or decoration in addition to oppositions
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a defining text for both
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deconstructivism and postmodernism was
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Robert Ventura's complexity and
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contradiction in architecture it argues
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against the Purity Clarity and
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simplicity of modernism with its
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publication functionalism and
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rationalism the two main branches of
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modernism were overturned as paradigms
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the reading of the postmodernist Venturi
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was that ornament and historical
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illusion added a richness to
00:03:05
architecture that modernism had forgone
00:03:08
some postmodern Architects endeavored to
00:03:10
reapply ornament even to economical and
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minimal buildings described by Venturi
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as the decorated shed rationalism of
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design was dismissed but the
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functionalism of the building was still
00:03:21
somewhat intact this is close to the
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thesis of Ventura's next major work that
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signs and ornament can be applied to a
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pragmatic AR architecture and instill
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the philosophic complexities of
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semiology the deconstructivist reading
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of complexity and contradiction is quite
00:03:38
different the basic building was the
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subject of problematics and intricacies
00:03:43
in deconstructivism with no Detachment
00:03:45
for ornament rather than separating
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ornament and function like
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postmodernists such as Venturi the
00:03:52
functional aspects of buildings were
00:03:54
called into question geometry was to
00:03:57
deconstructivist what ornament was to
00:03:59
modernists the subject of complication
00:04:02
and this complication of geometry was in
00:04:04
turn applied to the functional
00:04:07
structural and spatial aspects of
00:04:09
deconstructivist buildings one example
00:04:12
of deconstructivist complexity is Frank
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gur's vitra design Museum in vamin which
00:04:18
takes the typical unor white cube of
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modernist art galleries and deconstructs
00:04:22
it using geometri is reminiscent of
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cubism and Abstract
00:04:26
expressionism this subverts the
00:04:28
functional aspect of modernist
00:04:30
Simplicity while taking modernism
00:04:32
particularly the international style of
00:04:35
which its white stacco skin is
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reminiscent as a starting point another
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example of the deconstructivist reading
00:04:42
of complexity and contradiction is
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peterman's Aire Center for the Arts the
00:04:48
Eire Center takes the archetypal form of
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the castle which it then imbus with
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complexity in a series of cuts and
00:04:55
fragmentations a three-dimensional grid
00:04:58
runs somewhat arbitr through the
00:05:00
building the grid as a reference to
00:05:03
modernism of which it is an acut
00:05:05
collides with the medieval Antiquity of
00:05:07
a castle some of the grids columns
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intentionally don't reach the ground
00:05:12
hovering over stairways creating a sense
00:05:14
of neurotic an and contradicting the
00:05:16
structural purpose of the column the
00:05:19
Aire Center deconstructs the archetype
00:05:21
of the castle and renders its spaces and
00:05:23
structure with conflict and difference
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deconstructivist philosophy some
00:05:28
deconstructive Architects were
00:05:30
influenced by the French philosopher Jac
00:05:33
dereda I senman was a friend of dereda
00:05:36
but even so his approach to
00:05:37
architectural design was developed long
00:05:39
before he became a
00:05:41
deconstructivist for him
00:05:43
deconstructivism should be considered an
00:05:45
extension of his interest in radical
00:05:47
formalism some practitioners of
00:05:50
deconstructivism were also influenced by
00:05:52
the formal experimentation and geometric
00:05:54
imbalances of Russian
00:05:56
constructivism there are additional
00:05:58
references in deconstructivism to 20th
00:06:01
century movements the modernism
00:06:03
postmodernism into play expressionism
00:06:06
cubism minimalism and Contemporary Art
00:06:10
deconstructivism attempts to move away
00:06:12
from the supposedly constricting rules
00:06:14
of modernism such as form follows
00:06:16
function purity of form and Truth to
00:06:19
materials the main channel from
00:06:21
deconstructivist philosophy to
00:06:23
architectural theory was through the
00:06:25
philosopher Jac der's influence with
00:06:27
Peter
00:06:28
renman senman drew some philosophical
00:06:31
basis from the literary movement
00:06:33
deconstruction and collaborated directly
00:06:35
with dareda on projects including an
00:06:37
entry for the park D laet competition
00:06:40
documented in cor L works both dareda
00:06:44
andman as well as Daniel lie beskin were
00:06:47
concerned with the metaphysics of
00:06:48
presence and this is the main subject of
00:06:51
deconstructivist philosophy in
00:06:52
architecture Theory the presupposition
00:06:55
is that architecture is a language
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capable of communicating meaning and of
00:06:59
receiving treatments by methods of
00:07:01
linguistic philosophy the dialectic of
00:07:04
presence and absence or solid and void
00:07:06
occurs in much of the asen's projects
00:07:08
both built and unbuilt both dereda
00:07:11
andman believe that the locus or place
00:07:14
of presence is architecture and the same
00:07:16
dialectic of presence and absence is
00:07:18
found in construction and
00:07:21
deconstructivism according to Dera
00:07:23
readings of texts are best carried out
00:07:25
when working with classical narrative
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structures any AR architectural
00:07:30
deconstructivism requires the existence
00:07:32
of a particular archetypal construction
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a strongly established conventional
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expectation to play flexibly against the
00:07:39
design of Frank Gula Euro unregistered
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trademark s own Santa Monica residence
00:07:44
has been cited as a prototypical
00:07:46
deconstructivist building his starting
00:07:49
point was a prototypical Suburban House
00:07:51
embodied with a typical set of intended
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social meanings gurri altered its
00:07:56
massing spatial envelopes planes and
00:07:59
other expectations in a playful
00:08:01
subversion an act of deconstruction in
00:08:03
addition to ded's concepts of the
00:08:05
metaphysics of presence and
00:08:07
deconstructivism his Notions of trace
00:08:09
and Erasure embodied in his philosophy
00:08:12
of writing and art writing found their
00:08:14
way into deconstructivist memorials
00:08:17
Daniel liebeskind envisioned many of his
00:08:19
early projects as a form of writing or
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discourse on writing and often works
00:08:23
with a form of concrete poetry he made
00:08:26
architectural sculptures out of books
00:08:28
and often coed them models in texts
00:08:30
openly making his architecture refer to
00:08:33
writing the Notions of trace and aasia
00:08:36
were taken up by Li bkin in essays and
00:08:38
in his project for the Jewish Museum
00:08:40
Berlin the museum is conceived as a
00:08:43
trace of the Erasure of the Holocaust
00:08:45
intended to make its subject legible and
00:08:48
poignant memorials such as Maya Lyn's
00:08:51
Vietnam Veterans Memorial and peterman's
00:08:53
Memorial to the murdered Jews of Europe
00:08:55
are also said to reflect themes of trace
00:08:57
and aasia constructivism and Russian
00:09:01
futurism another major current and
00:09:03
deconstructivist architecture takes
00:09:05
inspiration from the Russian
00:09:07
constructivist and futurist movements of
00:09:09
the early 20th century both in their
00:09:11
graphics and in their Visionary
00:09:13
architecture little of which was
00:09:15
actually
00:09:16
constructed artists Nar gabo litski kir
00:09:20
malvik and Alexander renko have
00:09:23
influence the graphic sense of geometric
00:09:25
forms of deconstructivist Architects
00:09:27
such as Sahar haded and po himl l or
00:09:32
both deconstructivism and constructivism
00:09:34
have been concerned with the tectonics
00:09:36
of making an abstract assemblage both
00:09:39
were concerned with the radical
00:09:40
Simplicity of geometric forms as the
00:09:42
primary artistic content expressed in
00:09:45
graphics sculpture and architecture the
00:09:48
constructivist tendency toward purism
00:09:51
though is absent and deconstructivism
00:09:54
form is often deformed when construction
00:09:56
is
00:09:57
deconstructed also lessened or absent is
00:09:59
the advocacy of socialist and
00:10:01
collectivist causes the primary graphic
00:10:04
motifs of constructivism were the
00:10:06
rectangular bar and the Triangular wedge
00:10:09
others were the more basic geometries of
00:10:11
the square and the circle in his series
00:10:14
PRS litski assembled collections of
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geometries at various angles floating
00:10:19
free in space they evoke basic
00:10:22
structural units such as Bars of Steel
00:10:24
or saor Lumber Loosely attached piled or
00:10:28
scattered they were also often drafted
00:10:30
and share aspects with technical drawing
00:10:33
and engineering drawing similar in
00:10:35
composition is the deconstructivist
00:10:38
series micronas by Daniel
00:10:40
leusin the symbolic breakdown of the
00:10:42
wall affected by introducing the
00:10:44
constructivist motifs of tilted and
00:10:47
crossed bars sets up a subversion of the
00:10:49
walls that Define the bar itself this
00:10:52
apparent chaos actually constructs the
00:10:54
walls that Define the bar it is the
00:10:57
structure the internal disorder produces
00:11:00
the bar while splitting it even as
00:11:02
gashes open up along its length a Euro
00:11:05
Philip Johnson and Mark wiggley
00:11:07
deconstructive architecture Pages
00:11:10
34 Contemporary Art two strains of
00:11:13
Modern Art minimalism and cubism have
00:11:16
had an influence on
00:11:18
deconstructivism analytical cubism had a
00:11:20
sure effect on
00:11:21
deconstructivism as forms and content
00:11:24
are dissected and viewed from different
00:11:26
perspectives
00:11:27
simultaneously a synchronicity of
00:11:29
destroying space is evident in many of
00:11:31
the works of Frank gurri and Bernard
00:11:33
chumi synthetic cubism with its
00:11:36
application of found art is not as great
00:11:38
an influence on deconstructivism as
00:11:41
analytical cubism but is still found in
00:11:43
the earlier and more vernacular works of
00:11:45
Frank gurri deconstructivism also shares
00:11:48
with minimalism a disconnection from
00:11:50
cultural
00:11:51
references with its tendency towards
00:11:54
deformation and dislocation there is
00:11:56
also an aspect of expressionism and
00:11:58
expression architecture associated with
00:12:02
deconstructivism at times
00:12:03
deconstructivism mirrors varieties of
00:12:06
expressionism neoexpressionism and
00:12:09
Abstract expressionism as well the
00:12:11
angular forms of the EA Cinema Center by
00:12:14
CP piml l or recall the abstract
00:12:17
geometries of the numbered paintings of
00:12:19
France Klein in their unadorned masses
00:12:22
the UFA Cinema Center also would make a
00:12:24
lightly setting for the angular figures
00:12:26
depicted in urban German Street Scenes
00:12:29
by ER lvic kirkner the work of wasili
00:12:32
Kandinsky also Bears similarities to
00:12:34
deconstructivist architecture his
00:12:37
movement into abstract expressionism and
00:12:39
away from figurative work is in the same
00:12:42
Spirit as the deconstructivist rejection
00:12:44
of ornament for
00:12:46
geometries several artists in the 1980s
00:12:49
and 1990s contributed work that
00:12:51
influenced or took part in
00:12:53
deconstructivism Maya Lynn and Rachel
00:12:56
wied are two examples Lynn's 19 1982
00:12:59
project for the Vietnam Veterans
00:13:01
Memorial with its granite slab severing
00:13:04
the ground plain is one its Shard likee
00:13:07
form and reduction of content to a
00:13:09
minimalist text influenced
00:13:11
deconstructivism with its sense of
00:13:12
fragmentation and emphasis on reading
00:13:15
the monument Lynn also contributed work
00:13:18
for re senman X Center Rachel Witter
00:13:21
eeds cast architectural spaces are
00:13:23
another instance where Contemporary Art
00:13:25
is confluent with architecture ghost and
00:13:29
entire living space cast in plaster
00:13:31
solidifying the void alludes to ded's
00:13:34
notion of architectural presence Gordon
00:13:37
mat Clark's building Cuts were
00:13:38
deconstructed sections of buildings
00:13:41
exhibited in art galleries 1988 momar
00:13:44
exhibition Mark wiggley and Philip
00:13:47
Johnson curated the 1988 Museum of
00:13:49
Modern Art exhibition deconstructivist
00:13:52
architecture which crystallized the
00:13:54
movement and brought Fame and notoriety
00:13:56
to its key practitioners
00:13:59
The Architects presented at the
00:14:00
exhibition were Peter senman Frank gurri
00:14:03
Sahar haed kiml blow REM kulus Daniel
00:14:07
leein and Bernard chumi Mark wiggley
00:14:11
wrote the accompanying essay and tried
00:14:13
to show a Common Thread among the
00:14:14
various Architects whose work was
00:14:16
usually more noted for their differences
00:14:19
the projects in this exhibition Mark a
00:14:21
different sensibility one in which the
00:14:23
dream of pure form has been Disturbed it
00:14:26
is the ability to disturb our thinking
00:14:28
about that makes these projects
00:14:31
deconstructive the show examines an
00:14:33
episode a point of intersection between
00:14:35
several Architects where each constructs
00:14:38
an unsettling building by exploiting the
00:14:40
hidden potential of modernism a Euro
00:14:43
Philip Johnson and Mark wiggley excerpt
00:14:45
from the momar deconstructivist
00:14:47
architecture catalog computer AED design
00:14:51
computer AED design is now an essential
00:14:53
tool in most aspects of contemporary
00:14:55
architecture but the particular nature
00:14:58
of deconstructive ISM makes the use of
00:15:00
computers especially pertinent
00:15:02
three-dimensional modeling and animation
00:15:04
assists in the conception of very
00:15:06
complicated spaces while the ability to
00:15:09
link computer models to manufacturing
00:15:11
jigs allows the mass production of
00:15:13
subtly different modular elements to be
00:15:15
achieved at affordable costs in
00:15:17
retrospect many early deconstructivist
00:15:20
Works appear to have been conceived with
00:15:22
the aid of a computer but were not Sahar
00:15:25
haed sketches for instance also gole is
00:15:29
noted for producing many physical models
00:15:31
as well as computer models as part of
00:15:33
his design process though the computer
00:15:36
has made the designing of complex shapes
00:15:38
much easier not everything that looks
00:15:40
odd is
00:15:41
deconstructivist critical responses
00:15:44
since the publication of Kenneth
00:15:46
Frampton's modern architecture a
00:15:48
critical history there has been a keen
00:15:49
consciousness of the role of criticism
00:15:51
within architectural Theory whilst
00:15:54
referencing Dera as a philosophical
00:15:56
influence deconstructivism can can also
00:15:59
be seen as having as much a basis in
00:16:01
critical theory as the other major
00:16:03
offshoot of postmodernism critical
00:16:05
regionalism the two aspects of critical
00:16:08
theory urgency and Analysis are found in
00:16:12
deconstructivism there is a tendency to
00:16:14
reexamine and critique other works or
00:16:16
precedence in
00:16:18
deconstructivism and also a tendency to
00:16:20
set aesthetic issues in the
00:16:22
foreground an example of this is the
00:16:24
acire center critical theory however had
00:16:28
it its core a critique of capitalism and
00:16:31
its success and from that respect many
00:16:33
of the works of the deconstructivist
00:16:35
would fail in that regard If Only They
00:16:37
Are Made for an elite and are as objects
00:16:39
highly expensive despite whatever
00:16:42
critique they may claim to impart on the
00:16:44
conventions of design the difference
00:16:46
between criticality in deconstructivism
00:16:49
and criticality in critical regionalism
00:16:51
is that critical regionalism reduces the
00:16:53
overall level of complexity involved and
00:16:56
maintains a clearer analysis while
00:16:58
attempting to reconcile modernist
00:16:59
architecture with local
00:17:01
differences in effect this leads to a
00:17:04
modernist vernacular critical
00:17:06
regionalism displays a lack of
00:17:08
self-criticism and a utopianism of place
00:17:12
deconstructivism meanwhile maintains a
00:17:15
level of self-criticism as well as
00:17:17
external criticism and tends towards
00:17:19
maintaining a level of
00:17:21
complexity some Architects identified
00:17:23
with a movement notably Frank gurri have
00:17:26
actively rejected the classification of
00:17:29
their work as
00:17:30
deconstructivist critics of
00:17:32
deconstructivism see it as a purely
00:17:34
formal exercise with little social
00:17:37
significance Kenneth Frampton finds it
00:17:39
elitist and detached Niko Salin garos
00:17:42
calls deconstructivism a viral
00:17:45
expression that invades design thinking
00:17:47
in order to build destroyed forms while
00:17:49
curiously similar to both dares and
00:17:52
Philip Johnson's descriptions this is
00:17:54
meant as a harsh condemnation of the
00:17:56
entire movement other criticis is Ms are
00:17:59
similar to those of deconstructivist
00:18:01
philosopher or Euro that since the act
00:18:03
of deconstructivism is not an empirical
00:18:05
process it can result in whatever an
00:18:07
architect wishes and it thus suffers
00:18:10
from a lack of
00:18:11
consistency today there is a sense that
00:18:14
the philosophical underpinnings of the
00:18:15
beginning of the movement have been lost
00:18:17
and all that is left is the aesthetic of
00:18:20
deconstructivism other criticisms reject
00:18:23
the premise that architecture is a
00:18:24
language capable of being the subject of
00:18:26
linguistic philosophy or if it was a
00:18:29
language in the past critics claim it is
00:18:32
no longer others question the wisdom and
00:18:35
impact on future generations of an
00:18:37
architecture that rejects the past and
00:18:39
presents no clear values as Replacements
00:18:41
and which often pursues strategies that
00:18:43
are intentionally aggressive to human
00:18:45
senses see also constructivism
00:18:49
structuralism futurism Russian futurism
00:18:52
novelty architecture bism Gan quarter
00:18:55
enia Benish the main rooftop remodeling
00:18:59
fistas notes
00:19:02
references external links aredia website
00:19:06
German WEA postmodern Spanish vican
00:19:10
Medina former y compos Cub arite actual
00:19:14
deconstructive Vista
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