Step-up & Step-down Transformer

Transformers consist of an iron core wrapped in coils, with the primary coil connected to an AC input voltage and the secondary coil to an output circuit with a load. There's no physical electrical connection between coils, allowing transformers to modify electricity. They can either increase (step up) or decrease (step down) voltage. In a step down transformer, the primary coil has more turns than the secondary; the reverse is true for step up transformers. An alternating voltage source induces a magnetic field in the transformer core, allowing the secondary coil to convert this into current flow and voltage. For step down transformers, with fewer turns in the secondary coil, the voltage decreases proportionally to the coil turn ratio. An example given uses a primary coil with 20 turns and a secondary with 10, resulting in a step down voltage of 60 volts from an initial 120 volts, using basic ratio calculations.