What is a hypertonic solution?

A hypertonic solution has a lower concentration of water and a higher concentration of solute compared to inside the cell, causing water to leave the cell, making it shrivel.

What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?

In an isotonic solution, the solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell, resulting in equal water movement, keeping the cell size constant.

How does a hypotonic solution affect a cell?

A hypotonic solution, with higher water concentration outside, causes water to flow into the cell, making it swell and potentially burst.

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Why do plant cells not burst in hypotonic solutions?

Plant cells have rigid cell walls that prevent them from bursting even when they swell in hypotonic solutions.

Plasmolysis is the process where plant cells lose water in a hypertonic solution, causing the cell membrane to shrink away from the cell wall, leading to wilting.

Cell Transport and Solutions

00:07:26

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-l-KaBtqLU8

Zusammenfassung

TLDRThe video discusses cell transport and solutions, focusing on how the concentration gradient of extracellular solutions affects cell membrane transport. It explains hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions and their impact on cells. A hypertonic solution, with higher solute concentration outside, causes cells to lose water and shrivel. An isotonic solution, with equal solute concentrations inside and outside, maintains cell size through equal water movement in and out. A hypotonic solution, with higher water concentration outside, causes cells to absorb water and swell. Key concepts like osmosis, crenation, plasmolysis, and cytolysis are explained.

Mitbringsel

🔹 Hypertonic solutions cause cells to lose water and shrivel.
🔹 Isotonic solutions maintain cell size with equal water movement.
🔹 Hypotonic solutions make cells absorb water and swell.
🔹 Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane.
🔹 Crenation occurs in red blood cells in hypertonic solutions.
🔹 Plasmolysis causes plant cells to wilt in hypertonic solutions.
🔹 Cytolysis can cause cell bursting in hypotonic solutions.
🔹 Isotonic solutions result in no net water movement across membranes.
🔹 Solute concentration affects water movement in and out of cells.
🔹 Proper balance of solute and water is essential for cell health.

Zeitleiste

00:00:00 - 00:07:26
The video explores cell transport and solutions, focusing on how the concentration gradient of extracellular solutions influences substance transport through the cell membrane. It describes how cells interact with hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions, affecting cell size and function. In hypertonic solutions, cells lose water and may shrivel (crenation in red blood cells or plasmolysis in plants). In isotonic solutions, water movement is balanced, so cell size remains unchanged. Meanwhile, hypotonic solutions cause cells to gain water, potentially leading to swelling or bursting (cytolysis, or hemolysis in red blood cells). Plant cells resist bursting due to rigid cell walls.

Mind Map

Video-Fragen und Antworten

What is a hypertonic solution?
A hypertonic solution has a lower concentration of water and a higher concentration of solute compared to inside the cell, causing water to leave the cell, making it shrivel.
What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?
In an isotonic solution, the solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell, resulting in equal water movement, keeping the cell size constant.
How does a hypotonic solution affect a cell?
A hypotonic solution, with higher water concentration outside, causes water to flow into the cell, making it swell and potentially burst.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Why do plant cells not burst in hypotonic solutions?
Plant cells have rigid cell walls that prevent them from bursting even when they swell in hypotonic solutions.
What is plasmolysis?
Plasmolysis is the process where plant cells lose water in a hypertonic solution, causing the cell membrane to shrink away from the cell wall, leading to wilting.

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Untertitel

Automatisches Blättern:

00:00:05
in this video we'll discuss cell
00:00:07
transport and solutions
00:00:11
the concentration gradient of
00:00:13
extracellular solutions affects the
00:00:15
transport of substances through the cell
00:00:17
membrane
00:00:19
what can happen in this process
00:00:22
well cells may be surrounded by
00:00:24
solutions with different particle
00:00:25
concentrations both in a lab as well as
00:00:28
inside a living organism
00:00:30
so we need to know how cells will
00:00:32
respond
00:00:33
compared to the solution inside a cell a
00:00:36
solution outside the cell may be
00:00:39
hypertonic
00:00:40
isotonic
00:00:41
or hypotonic
00:00:44
we'll describe hypertonic solutions
00:00:46
using this beaker of water with
00:00:48
dissolved salt and a rather large cell
00:00:51
submerged in it
00:00:52
to demonstrate water movement in and out
00:00:55
of cells we'll use simple numbers to
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illustrate concepts
00:00:59
remember the cell cytoplasm is mostly
00:01:01
water as well
00:01:02
in this example let's say the cytoplasm
00:01:05
inside the cell is a solution containing
00:01:08
10 percent salt which means the other 90
00:01:10
percent is water
00:01:12
keep in mind percentages of substances
00:01:14
within the cell must equal one hundred
00:01:17
percent
00:01:18
the percentages of solute and solvent in
00:01:21
the beaker must also add up to one
00:01:23
hundred percent
00:01:25
however the solution in the beaker is a
00:01:27
different concentration from the
00:01:29
solution inside the cell
00:01:31
it's 20 salt and 80 percent water
00:01:35
so you can see that there's a greater
00:01:37
concentration of water inside the cell
00:01:39
than outside ninety percent compared to
00:01:42
eighty percent
00:01:45
we call a solution hypertonic when its
00:01:47
concentration of water is lower than
00:01:50
inside the cell and its concentration of
00:01:52
solute is higher than inside the cell
00:01:56
as a result water molecules diffuse out
00:01:58
of the cell through osmosis causing the
00:02:00
cell to shrivel a bit
00:02:03
remember osmosis means diffusion of
00:02:05
water
00:02:07
if the solution's water concentration
00:02:09
was significantly lower the cell could
00:02:12
shrivel to the point of imploding
00:02:16
for red blood cells in hypertonic
00:02:18
solutions the shriveling from osmotic
00:02:20
water loss is called crenation
00:02:25
let's look at an example of plant cells
00:02:27
in a hypertonic solution
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normally turgor pressure which is the
00:02:32
water pressure in a plant cell's central
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vacuole helps support the cell wall and
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overall plant shape
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when water leaves plant cells by osmosis
00:02:41
the cell membrane and its contents
00:02:44
shrink away from the rigid cell wall and
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turgor pressure decreases
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this is called plasmolysis
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plasmolysis causes a plant to wilt
00:02:57
let's look at another container this
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time with a cell floating in an isotonic
00:03:01
solution
00:03:03
sometimes
00:03:04
the solution outside the cell has about
00:03:07
the same concentration gradient as the
00:03:09
concentration gradient inside the cell
00:03:13
once again in this example the solution
00:03:16
inside the cell is ninety percent water
00:03:18
with ten percent salt
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but this time the surrounding solution
00:03:23
is also ninety percent water with ten
00:03:25
percent salt dissolved
00:03:29
we call a solution isotonic when its
00:03:32
concentrations of water and solute are
00:03:34
the same as inside the cell
00:03:38
but this doesn't mean that there is no
00:03:40
movement
00:03:42
in an isotonic solution the rate of
00:03:44
water molecules entering the cell is
00:03:46
equal to the rate of water molecules
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exiting the cell
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the amount of water molecules going in
00:03:52
equals the amount of water molecules
00:03:54
going out
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that's why you see the arrows pointing
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in two different directions
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in an isotonic solution the cell doesn't
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shrink or swell it stays exactly the
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same size
00:04:09
a third possibility is a solution
00:04:11
outside the cell with a higher
00:04:13
concentration of water than the solution
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inside the cell
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in this example the solution inside the
00:04:20
cell has 20 salt so that means the
00:04:23
remainder is 80 percent water
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but the cell has been placed in a beaker
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that only has a 10 salt solution
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doing the math we can see that the
00:04:34
solution surrounding the cell is 90
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water which means there's a greater
00:04:39
concentration of water outside the cell
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than inside
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we call a solution hypotonic when its
00:04:45
concentration of water is higher than
00:04:48
inside the cell and its concentration of
00:04:50
solute is lower than inside the cell
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so by osmosis the water molecules will
00:04:55
move passively into the cell until a
00:04:58
state of equilibrium is reached
00:05:01
hypotonic solutions cause a cell to
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swell up with water
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if the water concentration outside the
00:05:08
cell is high enough the cell can swell
00:05:10
to the point of bursting
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this is called cytosis
00:05:17
cytosis in red blood cells is called
00:05:20
hemolysis
00:05:23
cytolysis doesn't happen in plant cells
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because the rigid cell wall prevents the
00:05:28
cells from bursting
00:05:32
here's a little trick to remember that
00:05:34
hypotonic solutions cause a cell to
00:05:36
swell rather than shrivel when you think
00:05:38
of hypo think of a big swollen
00:05:41
hippopotamus or hippo for short
00:05:46
so to recap we can have solutions that
00:05:48
are hypertonic isotonic or hypotonic
00:05:51
with respect to the cell
00:05:53
in an isotonic solution the water
00:05:55
concentration inside and outside the
00:05:58
cell stays about the same the water
00:06:00
concentration stays the same because the
00:06:03
concentration of solute is the same
00:06:05
as a result there's equal movement of
00:06:07
water in and out of the cell so the size
00:06:10
of the cell stays the same
00:06:13
here's a hypotonic solution
00:06:16
remember this means that there is a
00:06:17
lower concentration of solute outside
00:06:20
the cell compared to inside the cell
00:06:23
this causes water molecules to diffuse
00:06:25
into the cell remember when diffusion
00:06:28
happens with water we call that osmosis
00:06:33
this causes the cell to swell
00:06:36
if the concentration difference is high
00:06:38
enough cytolysis may occur
00:06:41
finally in a hypertonic solution the
00:06:44
solute concentration outside the cell is
00:06:47
higher compared to inside the cell
00:06:50
so through osmosis water molecules
00:06:52
diffuse out of the cell
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this causes the cell to shrivel up and
00:06:58
it can even implode or collapse if
00:07:01
enough water leaves
00:07:04
in plants this cell collapse is called
00:07:06
plasmolysis
00:07:10
[Music]
00:07:26
you