LASER COMPLETE Engineering Physics_AKTU, LPU, SPPU II see new channel @rgsclassesLU

00:39:55
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1EI503LhFQ

Zusammenfassung

TLDRThe lecture explores the fundamentals and applications of lasers, particularly focusing on the principle of Light Application by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER). It explains the basic atomic model, where electrons can move between energy levels, thereby emitting photons. Key processes discussed include emission operation, spontaneous and stimulated emission. The latter is crucial for laser functioning, achieved through energy input processes like optical or mechanical pumping, leading to population inversion, a pre-condition for laser operation. Different multi-level system models (e.g., 2-level, 3-level, and 4-level systems) are described along with their applicability and efficiency in laser generation. The lecture also covers properties of laser light, such as monochromaticity and coherence, and applications in industries. Additionally, a detailed mechanism of the helium-neon laser is described, emphasizing energy transfer via gas collisions, resulting in laser emission. Lastly, practical questions about laser systems are addressed.

Mitbringsel

  • 🔦 LASER stands for 'Light Application by Stimulated Emission of Radiation'.
  • 💡 Stimulated emission is key to laser production.
  • 📈 Population inversion is necessary for laser operation.
  • 🧬 Electrons transition between energy levels, emitting photons.
  • 🔍 LASER light is monochromatic and coherent.
  • 📊 Different systems are used: 2-level, 3-level, 4-level systems.
  • 🧪 Optical pumping is a method to achieve population inversion.
  • 🌈 The helium-neon laser works through energy transfer between gases.
  • 🔋 High energy density is crucial for effective stimulated emission.
  • 🔧 LASER applications span industries, from medical to research fields.

Zeitleiste

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The lecture introduces the topic of lasers and their significance in various fields such as industry, medicine, and research. It elaborates on the acronym 'Laser' which stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, explaining the basic principle of stimulated emission where light is generated through this process. Additionally, it delves into the atomic model, exploring electron orbits, ground state, and excited state, describing transitions between energy levels within an atom.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    Continuing, the discussion focuses on how electrons absorb energy and move from lower to higher energy levels, making the atom excited. When these electrons return to lower energy levels, they release energy in the form of photons. The mechanism of emission and absorption is thoroughly explained, involving terms like probability of transition and energy density. Different states like ground state, metastable state, and excited state are discussed, framing the understanding of population inversion and its role in laser functioning.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    The concept of stimulated emission is stressed upon, defining it as an induced process where external conditions prompt emission of light. The importance of metastable states, which allow the persistence of atoms in an excited state longer than usual, is highlighted. The lecture explains how population inversion—where more atoms are in the metastable state compared to the ground state—is crucial for laser operation. The concept of a two-level energy system is criticized for its inefficacy in achieving population inversion required for laser action.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    The lecture explores a three-level energy system as a more effective approach to achieve population inversion. This involves pumping atoms to higher energy states, then allowing them to transition to a metastable state where they can stay longer, thus enhancing population inversion. This transition allows for the stimulated emission to occur efficiently, solving limitations inherent in the two-level system. Practical examples like ruby lasers are discussed, explaining how these use three or four energy levels to achieve desired laser action.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:25:00

    Details of laser pumping methods, including optical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical pumping, are discussed as means to achieve population inversion. The talk transitions to describing specific laser systems like the Ruby laser and Helium-Neon laser, elaborating on their configurations and mechanisms. The Ruby laser's three-level system and Helium-Neon laser’s use of gas mixtures and energy transfer between helium and neon atoms for sustained emissions are highlighted as innovative solutions in laser technology.

  • 00:25:00 - 00:30:00

    Key characteristics of laser light, such as coherence, monochromaticity, and directionality, are explained, contributing to its widespread application and utility. The lecture underscores the uniqueness of laser light in being highly focused and intense, with ability to maintain energy over long distances without much dispersion. This section aims to contrast laser light properties with other light sources, emphasizing the advantages of laser technology.

  • 00:30:00 - 00:39:55

    Concluding the discourse, the lecture revisits fundamental concepts, reiterating the importance of population inversion and metastable states in achieving effective laser action. It discusses practical implications and uses of laser technology, while reviewing laser systems like helium-neon lasers in depth. Encouraging further study and application of these principles, the session ends with a prompt for students to delve deeper into understanding laser operation and its various applications.

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Mind Map

Video-Fragen und Antworten

  • What does L.A.S.E.R. stand for?

    LASER is an acronym for Light Application by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

  • What is population inversion in lasers?

    Population inversion is a condition where more electrons are in an excited state than in the ground state, essential for laser operation.

  • Why is stimulated emission critical for lasers?

    Stimulated emission amplifies photon production, a fundamental process in generating coherent laser light.

  • How does optical pumping aid lasers?

    Optical pumping supplies energy to atoms, helping achieve population inversion necessary for laser action.

  • What are the applications of lasers?

    Lasers are used in various fields including industry, medical, and research for cutting, imaging, and precision measurements.

  • Why is laser light monochromatic?

    Laser light is monochromatic because it is generated by electron transitions between two specific energy levels, producing a single wavelength.

  • How does a helium-neon laser operate?

    It operates by energy transfer from helium to neon atoms, which creates a population inversion, resulting in laser emission.

  • What is the difference between spontaneous and stimulated emission?

    Spontaneous emission occurs naturally without external influence, while stimulated emission is induced by incoming photons, amplifying light.

  • What makes laser light coherent?

    Laser light is coherent due to uniform phase alignment of waves, rigorous amplification processes ensure consistency.

  • What role does energy density play in lasers?

    High energy density is essential for achieving efficient stimulated emission and maintaining laser operations.

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Automatisches Blättern:
  • 00:00:00
    Hello Hello Welcome Ahead This Another Lecture Today the topic we have is laser laser
  • 00:00:06
    topic you have laser fiber fiber both together so as laser is a very
  • 00:00:13
    important in today's time laser is a very important whether it is If you look at it from the point of view of industry,
  • 00:00:18
    whether you look at it from the point of view of Android medical, or if you
  • 00:00:22
    look at it from the point of view of research, there are many fields where we are
  • 00:00:29
    using laser. Okay, what is the meaning of laser, laser actually. One point will remain that there
  • 00:00:35
    is a technology for which we have got the short form which is Light Application by
  • 00:00:42
    Stimulated Emission of Radiation . It is made by taking
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    the first letter of 'in', then laser is a device in which we
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    generate light through the stimulated emission process. Chem comes last Shankar, question
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    means thought, you guys have understood that to amplify means to increase it
  • 00:01:04
    many times, to shower it in a way, it is called application in a way,
  • 00:01:09
    top amplifiers are used in electronic shows, for this amplifier should be shampoo family vacation. Stimulated emission of light is done
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    through the process. The first word
  • 00:01:20
    in this team is related admission radiation. We have to understand what is
  • 00:01:26
    meant by emission operation, what is admission of radiation, what does it mean, how is radiation admitted, then the second one
  • 00:01:32
    is that now and You guys, this is a basic class, this is a very big jewel in which a simple tomic model was given,
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    in which it
  • 00:01:43
    was said that there is a nucleus and something around the nucleus.
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    Circular orbits sleep, who called them stationary orbits, every
  • 00:01:53
    orbit has electrons in it, they keep rotating and
  • 00:01:58
    how many electrons are there in the middle, this is the rule. Okay, now see, let us assume that we have
  • 00:02:03
    an outermost one sitting in it. The last
  • 00:02:08
    electronics item is here and it is not that there is no more soil and
  • 00:02:13
    there can be many more, so suppose after this there is another meeting which is also such where the
  • 00:02:18
    electron is not present then the electron is in this outermost and beat. And when
  • 00:02:23
    the electron is here then the energy of massage is life. We will say this in a way that
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    our item is in grind state, meaning it is naturally formed
  • 00:02:32
    in which all the electrons are there, so the outermost orbit is
  • 00:02:37
    minute and rotating in its place. As it was formed naturally, what is it now? They say that the electron
  • 00:02:43
    revolves in its orbit, the energy becomes weak, it will admit the energy, yes, it
  • 00:02:48
    will conserve its energy, yes, it will keep revolving in this orbit with the same energy,
  • 00:02:53
    but if If it gets energy from somewhere outside, if somehow it gets the note
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    and that energy is such that it is enough to take it from even to some other energy level*,
  • 00:03:05
    then this electronic will go from here to one side which If we
  • 00:03:10
    see that the electron has one side, then we will say that our entire
  • 00:03:13
    item has become excited. The electron is a part of this system, so
  • 00:03:18
    the electron which is going from a low energy level to a high energy level, then we will
  • 00:03:22
    say . That our item, which is a website, has become an electron, when it
  • 00:03:27
    goes to this energy level, it will not remain there permanently. Tend to power minus after 1 second, it has to
  • 00:03:33
    come back to its old place and when it comes back, all the energy levels that Nargis had on Wednesday will be there
  • 00:03:38
    . This energy will meet outside in the form of a photo, so here in the beginning
  • 00:03:44
    when the electron was in even energy level, assume that the whole atom was criminal G and it had
  • 00:03:50
    not done any job, after that when it does some episodes of energy.
  • 00:03:55
    So it goes into two and again when that item is disassembled, now
  • 00:04:01
    there is confusion here that we are showing the jump of the electron and are telling the term on one side, one side
  • 00:04:07
    will understand it very carefully that it is a part of the electronic item. When electrons
  • 00:04:12
    move internally add labels then we will say that our item
  • 00:04:18
    was in ground state and our item gets excited then internally electronic transition is taking place
  • 00:04:24
    but we will make the entire atom as being in excited for grants pet,
  • 00:04:31
    ok this Our mechanism is which I had suggested, on the basis of this we
  • 00:04:38
    have the absorption process and the admission process, take it here that this
  • 00:04:44
    is
  • 00:04:46
    that initially the radiation from outside comes on it,
  • 00:04:56
    this is that this show's Nurse's is exactly * - equal to China, that is why the item whose
  • 00:05:05
    energy is even, takes the job of this photo and goes to *, then you see that
  • 00:05:10
    the item has now reached an excited stage, so it is natural. Those who are Adams
  • 00:05:17
    live in eclipse state. The details are that it means that your item is yours.
  • 00:05:21
    He is ours, he gets energy in a normal way, he is living with cigarette ji, it
  • 00:05:26
    is okay by absorption of photo on off energy, add new item, excited in
  • 00:05:32
    race-2, hi registered, went into higher energy level containing exotic energy and something.
  • 00:05:39
    Poore Kapoor Airtel website is done, okay, it is exactly like if you say that there
  • 00:05:44
    is a person whose monthly income was Rs.10000, then he got some such
  • 00:05:50
    resources of money that his monthly income became Rs.50, then we will say that his The economic status which
  • 00:05:57
    was there was compared to the previous level, now what happened to it when it went above it, is he
  • 00:06:03
    getting the money, his expenses etc. are all as per the calculations, so
  • 00:06:07
    we showed a question in his status in this way, the item which is constipation. And what it does
  • 00:06:13
    to the photon is that its electron goes to a higher energy level, but we will call this whole
  • 00:06:19
    process that the item has reached an excited state,
  • 00:06:24
    the electron inside it has left its level and gone up and this is Now
  • 00:06:29
    the ice cream here, who had worked out this earth mathematically,
  • 00:06:34
    says that the probability of transition, that is, the
  • 00:06:39
    probability of the item being in the district when it will move to the side,
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    will depend on this. How many photos are you throwing there? It is not necessary that
  • 00:06:49
    all the photos are there and there are some items through apps, but if you send a lot of
  • 00:06:53
    photos then the chances of absorption will increase. You can call it Ashok Balloon, it is
  • 00:06:59
    a little balloon. And you want to mark it, so if you hit one Blood, it may not
  • 00:07:04
    hit a Bluetooth button, but if you see a lot of Bloods, there
  • 00:07:08
    is a possibility that one of them may be that. If police
  • 00:07:13
    collide with forces with force then it is something like this then probability of transition from
  • 00:07:19
    state 120 b option process so p12 we call it and it depends
  • 00:07:25
    on you new but now you know tension which tells that the energy you Radiation has been sent because
  • 00:07:31
    what is the density, how much is the energy density, then here the energy test
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    is being used, if the size of the prostate will be removed, then we will use the cost B12, we
  • 00:07:39
    will give it to Einstein through this chain of absorption, okay, now this is done, now the option.
  • 00:07:45
    There is a process, this process is happening automatically, now the admission process has happened, which means that the particle has
  • 00:07:50
    reached an excited stage and will again come to the ground state, that is,
  • 00:07:54
    the electrons inside it have gone to a higher energy level and will again go to a ground state.
  • 00:07:58
    If the item comes to the energy level, then that much energy will be absorbed. If it will admit all the energy
  • 00:08:04
    out, then the transition from high energy state which is to, then this one is called
  • 00:08:11
    the admission process. There are two types of marks, one is spontaneous mission and
  • 00:08:15
    the other is What happens in this team is related admission. Spontaneous means
  • 00:08:20
    visibility happens on its own. It happens naturally. What happens in a mission and from
  • 00:08:25
    energy level * Transit back to even spontaneously a bit photo of energy
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    when you to - even tujhe itna. Bigg Boss was made by photo
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    of energy, photo of so much energy and he will be admitted outside and this whole process takes a very less time
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    which is controlled by uncertain principle, so this whole
  • 00:08:45
    process is spontaneous, you do not have to do anything in this. If you don't have any role
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    then the energy level * after getting excited by the absorption * reached the item AB you will
  • 00:08:57
    be automatically translated in life and add new photo on will come out,
  • 00:09:03
    you are facing problem on Tuesday evening because this is a branch of the mission. If you are saying
  • 00:09:08
    spontaneous then P12 cannon should fit in the body or if it is coming in two seven then the
  • 00:09:15
    proportion of P-21 will be equal to that of a constable because radiation is not playing any role here
  • 00:09:20
    so here we do not have radiation. Only constant will come,
  • 00:09:25
    vaginal properties are fixed, it is requested that you have written that
  • 00:09:29
    the probability of spontaneous admission is 10 and this team is given this chance of
  • 00:09:33
    spontaneous mission, so before that we
  • 00:09:39
    saw the question of spontaneous absorption B12, this we saw 80 which Spontaneous Emission is our official. Hey
  • 00:09:47
    interesting let's discuss about it which is Stimulated
  • 00:09:51
    Emission. First of all you should understand here what is the meaning of Stimulator. The meaning of this tweet
  • 00:09:56
    is Induced means the thing which is not happening on its own. But
  • 00:10:01
    to motivate him to do so, to make him perform, we provide such conditions
  • 00:10:06
    that due to that environment, he starts performing, then we call it
  • 00:10:12
    the test of induced process or stimulated process. This means that he is trapped.
  • 00:10:17
    In a way you can say that Einstein considered the possibility of long live
  • 00:10:22
    energy state which has all the best established test. It is said that there
  • 00:10:28
    is a rural state where the item remains naturally and can remain there for an infinite time. It
  • 00:10:33
    is an excited state. Where into power - there is a time barrier of 8 seconds after which it has to
  • 00:10:39
    come back but they imagined another energy level whose lifetime
  • 00:10:45
    which is more than tattoo power minus 1 second but less than Bennett means think
  • 00:10:51
    it you think I have made it as if you
  • 00:10:57
    are standing on a floor, you can stay there for as much time as you want and on top of that we have
  • 00:11:02
    made a structure like a road that is a floor and on top of the floor we have
  • 00:11:07
    placed some bars on top of that and made another structure. Now you have been asked to jump up and stand on the road,
  • 00:11:12
    which is a thin strip on the side of every gentle 11 rod, on the side of the iron, if you stand on it then you
  • 00:11:17
    have a lot of difficulty in balancing, therefore, launch the volume in balance and you will go to Surjan.
  • 00:11:22
    If you are a scientist, this is the duty of our village district. Now think that we
  • 00:11:28
    have placed a wooden plank near this roll which is a little wide, then what happened to it
  • 00:11:33
    that when you stood on this wooden plank of your own from this road. If you are a little
  • 00:11:38
    stable then you remain stable to the same extent when you are standing on duty, but still
  • 00:11:42
    you get a little stability, so we said that the life time of the ideal excited state
  • 00:11:48
    is tattoo power - 81, meaning tattoo power - here in SID you get If you don't want to knead it yourself, then there
  • 00:11:54
    is a thin wooden plank placed between the juice and this road.
  • 00:12:00
    Its lifetime toe power is minus three seconds. Hand is one millisecond. If you look at the total
  • 00:12:05
    power, the total power is then 35. The difference is that the stability of the metastable state which is made of wood
  • 00:12:12
    is 2.5 times more acceptable than that of excited steel.
  • 00:12:17
    We do not call it purely stable but
  • 00:12:22
    call it metastable rather than excited but in this table If its stability is less than , then this
  • 00:12:27
    makers travels tasty thought about this kind of state and then say
  • 00:12:32
    that normally tenth sir is present in the state and very less of excited and
  • 00:12:38
    what is normal is present in the excited state that the electro which There are also items, they
  • 00:12:43
    are in the village district, they get energy from outside, they are websites, they
  • 00:12:48
    come back to the ground, so this whole process keeps going on, so most of the
  • 00:12:52
    time the Adams we have are more in the ground. Very few are in the excited
  • 00:12:57
    state, so this is the way Question Jyoti, this is called normal population.
  • 00:13:02
    What is the meaning of 9 population? Rural
  • 00:13:06
    stay is the most of the natural state. There are very few who are excited. Whatever remains, the site is very
  • 00:13:11
    fast . But if we consider excited state
  • 00:13:17
    as a slightly longer list and if we talk about metastable state,
  • 00:13:21
    the items can spend their time in it for a little longer time, then we will see that now the item from round state
  • 00:13:27
    goes into metastable . So, they are there but nothing is that fast,
  • 00:13:31
    they are stopping there for a bit, so if we start sending energy continuously, then more ground level atoms
  • 00:13:38
    will start gathering in the stable state, then what kind of condition will this be? This is
  • 00:13:42
    called low population in version. It is a very famous word, population in version of laser field,
  • 00:13:48
    population in version, investment, meaning of saying inverter, what is meant here,
  • 00:13:53
    what is the meaning of saying in version, have you understood it carefully. Normally, items
  • 00:13:57
    remain more in ground state. This computer is an excited district. Because the east side state
  • 00:14:01
    retains its eight spins for a very short time and then sends them to the front,
  • 00:14:07
    but if we think of an atomic system where there
  • 00:14:13
    is a metastable state in between the excited spins, then the metastable
  • 00:14:17
    state is slightly She keeps the incoming items with her for a little while and
  • 00:14:22
    then slowly the number of items starts increasing in
  • 00:14:28
    this computer village state and this is called the population in this version, so this number of Atoms
  • 00:14:34
    and excited were the same time day number of atoms in these strips if we are continuously sending them up and
  • 00:14:42
    they are going to be in Temple Street then the number of atoms in the state will be reduced in
  • 00:14:47
    this computer table this is called the condition of population in the population in Version which
  • 00:14:55
    is this is very important Tabs Condition for the Life Question This is a very important condition to complete the process of laser
  • 00:15:03
    Precondition is saying this less just
  • 00:15:08
    look at this thing let's assume that we have such a situation that our There is a metastable state nearby
  • 00:15:12
    and in the metastable state you see there are many items which are living somewhere.
  • 00:15:18
    At a particular time, any of these items, potato, went into the ground on its own, its
  • 00:15:24
    spontaneous process was being implemented there, its life time was over, then it
  • 00:15:28
    came back, now this photo was this photo and other similar ones of its own. The system
  • 00:15:34
    goes with them and indicates and the free one is the photon, it
  • 00:15:39
    promotes all these items which are kept in metastable state to jump down, so
  • 00:15:45
    what happens, all these items jump together and we have There are many photos which are
  • 00:15:51
    exactly the same, they were made by the same British soldier
  • 00:15:56
    and we call this stimulated emission, they
  • 00:16:00
    were waiting for their turn, but like this
  • 00:16:04
    photo which The field in this photo kind of motivates and stimulates all these items
  • 00:16:10
    to gather together in a grinded state and here
  • 00:16:15
    we have a huge amount of fat and when it comes out, here this If there is a big role of radiation
  • 00:16:21
    , then it is the phone, it has a big role, so here it is said that the probability of
  • 00:16:27
    stimulated emission which is shown as double S, the property
  • 00:16:32
    is personal, depends on that energy density, so look at the energy density here. From this you
  • 00:16:36
    can see that here as we removed the putative action then we
  • 00:16:40
    put another stay bittu and so bittu element who washes which guests
  • 00:16:46
    are using a useless state back of 10th when now the energy density of radiation i.e.
  • 00:16:51
    Corolla Does this role come or when did the role come when there was absorption and now it has come when
  • 00:16:56
    the stimulated emission was reading but when the stream tree spontaneous mission was
  • 00:17:02
    there then it has no role there so the official one was taken by us there so
  • 00:17:07
    you You can see that we have total property, that is, the
  • 00:17:12
    probability of absorption, now that property will be equal to the probability of spontaneous emission, probability of intimidation,
  • 00:17:18
    all these, so now we have Einstein's relation, our relation is
  • 00:17:24
    this and Saurav official is also this. And also let's find out what is the relation between them. This
  • 00:17:29
    is a very good question. It is asked very well. So like suppose
  • 00:17:33
    we have energy level is life, energy level is *, ground state
  • 00:17:38
    is excited district or kilometer is stupid and cases are annual exam. In the ground state
  • 00:17:43
    and * item is in the excited district. Now we have the excited state. Our
  • 00:17:48
    metastable state is above the given grant. It is excited. The only difference
  • 00:17:53
    is that the normal excited state folds in on itself for power minus 1 second.
  • 00:17:58
    We get this. It would be folding for a little bit longer, up to milliseconds, so now you
  • 00:18:04
    have the total probability of absorption. What if the number of atoms
  • 00:18:10
    were in the excited state, multiply by p12 of animals, then p12 is the probability of a B
  • 00:18:15
    option from the first energy to the energy level. Multiply the animals in it till then
  • 00:18:20
    you get question number one. Now Lalu and then there are the atoms, he is the
  • 00:18:26
    President in the excited state and the one who is transiting, one in a spontaneous manner and the other who
  • 00:18:31
    is coming back after completing his time. This is and after that , coming under the influence
  • 00:18:36
    of that photon, many items jump simultaneously, which we
  • 00:18:41
    call stimulated emission process, so now see the property we have here,
  • 00:18:46
    the total property of coming from the second state to the ground state. That there is part B of spontaneous tattooing
  • 00:18:52
    and Bittu i.e. part B of streamed and you
  • 00:18:57
    have multiplied by *, now you will be the owner of the house, then at that time for the owner, it means
  • 00:19:03
    that people in our temperature, there is no no Brian in it. Tracy is not a condition, it
  • 00:19:07
    has cooled down a bit, an ideal condition is that we have the rate of mission for you and the
  • 00:19:12
    rate and the option should be equal, so the faster the options are now, the
  • 00:19:16
    admission with the same postal. If the processes are taking place then it means that
  • 00:19:22
    you have taken N 1312 in question number one and this has been
  • 00:19:27
    taken as ant in question number two, both of them have become equal, okay, keep this equal, if you keep this and that, then here
  • 00:19:33
    you have kept these. Ubuntu, this question number one is from M2 time to one plus B to you which is
  • 00:19:40
    for the admission process, now what you have to do is this term is not a problem then
  • 00:19:44
    you are looking at the unit here so you have multiplied it here.
  • 00:19:48
    When you did it, you kept it aside and sent it, then it got a minus sign. If you took the
  • 00:19:54
    common to Europe, then nov12 is nov21. This is it. * * * Find out the UP balloon.
  • 00:20:01
    The energy density that you have to find is at your place. After calculating, this is what happened
  • 00:20:06
    Entry time 10, you have divided it directly, now you have seen that there is * here,
  • 00:20:12
    we have to remove this entry, what we do is that the first thing is that we Bittu Unko Dubey *, here
  • 00:20:18
    you see, there is a21 in the letter 'u', so you Dominator b2b Komal liya to app on
  • 00:20:24
    bhi to egg kuch * Matching like 121 has been done, after that if you meet * comedy * then you will get
  • 00:20:32
    cancer. What will be left in the packet below N1 Adv * Children, now 12421 will be left - *
  • 00:20:39
    done . Now here you have this formula, you are seeing it properly, considered that
  • 00:20:46
    there were 22 official absorptions of the estimated, took them equal, both of them considered that
  • 00:20:55
    Bittu Bittu Bittu
  • 00:21:00
    * is equal, so this rescue will ever become one 2.11, now here one There is one more thing which
  • 00:21:07
    we say is very important, it says that if you
  • 00:21:12
    know the value of any energy state, then there is an energy level whose value is known to you only and that
  • 00:21:17
    is the system, that is its temperature during the family. So you want to think
  • 00:21:23
    that how many items will be there in this energy level at this temperature, there is someone low for this, the
  • 00:21:29
    skin is definitely yellow, the one who is low for this, we call it Rose Mellow, then the word Milna says
  • 00:21:33
    that in some energy street, whose energy is The value of which has been determined and the temperature of the system
  • 00:21:38
    is correct . We are thinking about the number of atoms that will be there on a particular stand.
  • 00:21:43
    That and the poster will be a kind of intelligent
  • 00:21:47
    distribution factor of the inspector. We call this. So you are wondering what happened now here. But what you are left with
  • 00:21:52
    is that if we get these posts, I have done one by * in the power even appointed by a bench
  • 00:21:58
    and - * can be written as equity,
  • 00:22:02
    they have done in one, enter the number of items in the grind state. The number of students was in excited
  • 00:22:07
    state, so we took the interview accordingly. You
  • 00:22:12
    will fight a little on this. Above - it will be plus two - evening farming will be done and * - If you are
  • 00:22:18
    not taking the match to life then the difference between the energy level. That our photo is not equal to theirs,
  • 00:22:22
    so we have the formula N1 Appoint Tubelight Power Add New Bike
  • 00:22:27
    Question Number Four You can see, now you will fit the value of this in equation number three,
  • 00:22:31
    then after completing this you will have this The whole factor was here also became 12121
  • 00:22:37
    and its value was equal to its power match. So we have
  • 00:22:43
    a formula like this here. This is the formula from question number five. Now this
  • 00:22:49
    is the formula for energy density. Similar was the radiation formula of the plan which
  • 00:22:54
    was used by Clarke to explain the black body radiation, so
  • 00:22:57
    in the formula of this plan, you when you and that of this formula Inspector Time 15 2018 -
  • 00:23:04
    69 then you this factor, this is a shop That is, the 800 reviews are
  • 00:23:14
    equal to 1085 YouTube schools. In this way, there is a relation between 100, so here we have already given two and their
  • 00:23:21
    relation was that we also make AB like this, that is the interrelation between all of them, here you
  • 00:23:29
    can see . If you get it, then prepare it well. Next is the
  • 00:23:36
    population. And as we talked about it, the condition of getting Lord of the Rings
  • 00:23:43
    in comparison to the lava, the population in Wave where
  • 00:23:52
    the registry would have been in the number there. If so, then it
  • 00:23:58
    is called a precondition. This is the LED notification of the light application. Laser
  • 00:24:04
    means light application by stimulated emission of radiation. So you have read about the stimulated
  • 00:24:09
    emission of radiation. This is necessary for the laser to do the light application.
  • 00:24:14
    The pre-condition for this is that the population should be in version. Now what will have to be done for this,
  • 00:24:19
    you will have to send the hair gel after inking the items of the village state,
  • 00:24:24
    then whatever has to be sent to the district, then what is this process called pumping?
  • 00:24:29
    By pumping so that the energy is pumped. By doing this we are sending high energy levels to the objects so
  • 00:24:34
    the pumping method and use to get this population in this version like you typical pumping
  • 00:24:41
    is optical pumping meaning we use optical energy
  • 00:24:45
    to move the atom from ground to one side or mechanical pumping closure. Let's
  • 00:24:49
    hit it like a fort, it can cause injury, Thermal Pumping, Chemical Pumping, there are
  • 00:24:55
    different types of pumping mechanism through which we
  • 00:25:00
    share the item. Okay, now a question is asked to you that
  • 00:25:04
    what kind of energy is Dhillon System ? The system is there to make the best place then
  • 00:25:11
    subscribe so that
  • 00:25:18
    as we told that in this situation if it is not there then to-do and system is there and it is
  • 00:25:26
    not completely suitable for action then here temple at present
  • 00:25:32
    excited
  • 00:25:35
    strs A
  • 00:25:39
    strong company will not suffer much but
  • 00:25:46
    Will it happen if you send it, whatever it is, they will go in excited, but excited
  • 00:25:53
    - can do it, it was almost immediately, it was the head downwards that if you have
  • 00:26:01
    done very strong pumping, there are a lot of photos here, if you are sending it, then it is to the limit. We can find
  • 00:26:06
    that as many atoms are in the ground state as many items are in the excited state which
  • 00:26:11
    is not the population in version of us two. What is population in this version is that
  • 00:26:15
    the number of items in the excited state should be more than 1 gram district. The more the better the
  • 00:26:20
    more it is. On the other hand, if you get photos there for more stimulated emissions,
  • 00:26:24
    then a pill can be populated with n12, which is not a good intention,
  • 00:26:30
    dreams pollution in achieve, therefore, two energy level system is not appropriate for the
  • 00:26:35
    liberation, absolutely ignore three levels system, there is something in it There is scope
  • 00:26:40
    , so what happens in this system is 50 gram district and we have
  • 00:26:44
    some series of a band, we have some series of a band in the website state of Excited State, we have
  • 00:26:50
    shown here with some continuity, so it is showing that we are very different. -If different wavelengths
  • 00:26:56
    are sent here to Edison, then they should also do more items and there is a general bill inside the rock band. If you
  • 00:27:01
    can go into it, then do not go to the very technical team. Let us think that we have an energy level,
  • 00:27:06
    Ethernet, its half life into power is minus 1 second. Below that, the tablet is a human
  • 00:27:12
    whose height is empowerment seconds, milliseconds and there is an ad straight in which
  • 00:27:16
    the item can live comfortably in infrared time, so what we do is we give energy,
  • 00:27:21
    after giving energy the items are there, those two possibilities are either directly After walking from here
  • 00:27:26
    to reach Amazon, either go from here to excited and from excited to
  • 00:27:32
    come to metastable state instead of being in the same ground, there is a possibility that either go directly to
  • 00:27:38
    time and will stay for milliseconds or will come from here. So we will reach here
  • 00:27:44
    , now look, if he has gone to the excited state then very fast
  • 00:27:49
    he will come to this matter stable state in radiation less minor. Now
  • 00:27:54
    because this is a good place friend, you can stay comfortably like a canteen like you have from class. Ran
  • 00:27:58
    to the canteen, you are sitting comfortably, the house is in ground state, the class was excited and the canteen
  • 00:28:04
    is in a completely metastable state, so you left the house, went to the class but that
  • 00:28:08
    class could not hold you for long, now you are not going straight home now. You are sitting in the canteen which is between
  • 00:28:14
    home and class, but there is the same thing that you
  • 00:28:18
    cannot sit there till the final time, if not, you have to go to White Metal Witch State from there,
  • 00:28:22
    then you see here when you friends. If you go to the state, then what will the items here
  • 00:28:27
    be roasted, what will be the maximum and what will happen here, if the value of population *
  • 00:28:33
    will exceed the value of van, then the population will be in version, in such a situation, whenever a photo oil
  • 00:28:38
    will get the appropriate pregnancy, all this All airtels will museum together
  • 00:28:42
    and due to this you will see laser option, you will
  • 00:28:47
    get stimulated emission radiation, it is written outside, here it is written brother, optical pumping item transit 2123,
  • 00:28:53
    see the even state here, from your even state, we got the hit pumped for free.
  • 00:28:58
    Anil Pandya, what happened after that, this three to you, two transactions fast and
  • 00:29:03
    radiation less, no day to ginger, we have understood that if you know, three - 21,
  • 00:29:11
    this is our photo, there is very little between these two, so if it is small, then This means,
  • 00:29:19
    you know, if it is equal, then
  • 00:29:24
    we will not be able to do it, if it is too less, then due to very less energy,
  • 00:29:33
    we will not be able to do it, we will not be able to do it, we will not be able to do it too much, that is why we call this process at
  • 00:29:40
    Reddy Labs. Because here it is so low that we are
  • 00:29:48
    not able to do it, that is why we call it non-Reddy. The photo of Reddy Labs comes out to be
  • 00:29:57
    very very smart. After all, what kind of war is it not in love? In this
  • 00:30:03
    , that energy is lost in the form of thermal hit. So now we have when 271 is transmission So
  • 00:30:08
    then we have laser reaction here Now just look at one like item populated to
  • 00:30:14
    population in version takes place transition from today even give pleasure action Now
  • 00:30:20
    because 211 is ground state long station is here. Items are further collected and then these
  • 00:30:26
    items have to be picked up and caused damage. Remember that whenever in a laser section this
  • 00:30:31
    is happening in the middle of the reaction toe everyone then if there
  • 00:30:37
    is a ground state in the valve in the laser action then in that case we More input energy has to be spent
  • 00:30:43
    to maintain that entire process. Technical tips are not available to maintain it.
  • 00:30:47
    Just remember that if you are working in village district elections, then
  • 00:30:52
    Metastable Grind is directly involved in that entire process. Well, we have more to do with this
  • 00:30:57
    You will have to put in the energy, Prabhjeet will not get as much as you put in, that's
  • 00:31:02
    why it is fancy, the input porn which is Shiva through input output
  • 00:31:07
    is less and because of this, it is not a very good option , we have the option
  • 00:31:12
    in the beginning itself. Was but not a very good option Energy a little more
  • 00:31:16
    is the best Ruby laser which was It uses the same process Ruby laser
  • 00:31:21
    which was the first laser made The first laser Ruby won Khurram Blazer works on a similar
  • 00:31:26
    mechanism This is the ruby ​​that you are seeing in which you are seeing
  • 00:31:30
    here, see here that there is a glass tube, this is our entire festival, it
  • 00:31:36
    has ruby ​​crystal in it, which we call ruby, and you have seen that here which is this first.
  • 00:31:42
    Look in Agra, here is the account statement of atom but this photo is coming, either
  • 00:31:47
    where did this item go in the excited state, it went into the past but due to this, it
  • 00:31:53
    came back in the store in the form of a very low energy relation and you see that. All the items
  • 00:31:58
    are collected here, see the nice items are collected, this population in version condition is formed here,
  • 00:32:03
    after this he will be born again, so from here you
  • 00:32:08
    can see the laser coming out from here. In this way, we are in this lace tube one. Say Ruby, we
  • 00:32:14
    are looking at the mechanism of nature, it is a good fluid system, it is the most addition,
  • 00:32:19
    what happens in it, you look here, here is the excited state, f4 is a brahmin
  • 00:32:24
    state, it is even and in between there are some two more energy levels. Which
  • 00:32:30
    is this energy level of yours, this is the number one, we are flattening it here like this, this is the
  • 00:32:36
    metastable state and this energy level, this is some other energy state, so what do
  • 00:32:41
    you do , you take laser action and place between this state and two. This matter state is
  • 00:32:47
    fixed on the third number from the top and on the second second stage, so you pick up the items and send them to one side,
  • 00:32:54
    from there they become metastable through radiation less radiation, then I take
  • 00:33:00
    all those items from the table in the middle of *. When the director starts getting population
  • 00:33:05
    in this version, then everything we do is there, there is a laser reaction, like when we come in the exam,
  • 00:33:10
    then it is not the table, it does not stop and then gradually it
  • 00:33:15
    starts coming down to the ground from * here. If we do this then the energy difference
  • 00:33:19
    is less even between the brands, hence due to this, there is radiation and thrust addition here also, that one is
  • 00:33:24
    estimated written below and is of very less energy and is eighth from f4. Even if
  • 00:33:30
    the radiation that occurs in between is of very low energy photon, it is of
  • 00:33:35
    no use to us. Now the design is such that the energy is set between 3 to *
  • 00:33:39
    so that whatever is here Whenever a transaction takes place, we
  • 00:33:44
    see a laser light coming out from it. It is very easy to understand this daily but it is
  • 00:33:49
    very difficult to make it real like here Somewhere is
  • 00:33:54
    less energy required for the population in words suddenly what is there here. * There
  • 00:34:00
    is no all state and there is so much table state, so laser action is happening among the athletes,
  • 00:34:05
    as I told, if gram instant energy was involved, there would have been energy infection,
  • 00:34:09
    but the grind energy laser is not obscene, that is why this edition is very
  • 00:34:15
    important . If it happens then it is very important, then in this way you must be understanding the low pressure.
  • 00:34:20
    Two layer system 311 register, we are fluid energy system , which is the best
  • 00:34:26
    among these three systems? Now let us talk about the properties of laser light. Why is laser
  • 00:34:31
    light so important? You know the meaning of run is this
  • 00:34:36
    and in this we know that it is the meaning of court. There is
  • 00:34:41
    a lot of difference between such light waves, either zero or constant, then if the cost in If this difference
  • 00:34:46
    is being maintained between the two, then we will join it. Now that rent is passed in this difference
  • 00:34:51
    to maintain it, the hero word here is current click ud hai ho means to
  • 00:34:56
    stick to this together, you have to stick to it. There is no difference between them,
  • 00:35:02
    all the differences are made by the same sales that you understand together, now here
  • 00:35:07
    all such things like special tax from temple courier are technical but it is understood that laser
  • 00:35:11
    light is one cord light and the other is laser light. Why is it monochromatic?
  • 00:35:16
    Because many items jump together between 2 energy levels,
  • 00:35:20
    so being in the same energy level, you have 13 - * Qureshi difference
  • 00:35:26
    is such by name draw, so it does not change. Which item
  • 00:35:32
    is transiting between 372, then the value of lemon is fixed and
  • 00:35:35
    what is the meaning of monochromatic? Mono means Singh Dhillon Chrome word.
  • 00:35:39
    It means color because Singh Gill and color means villain, you have single balance
  • 00:35:44
    light does not come out here, hence it is monochromatic lights, it is very good
  • 00:35:47
    monochromatic lives, answer is almost you, how true monochromatic light source
  • 00:35:52
    is, it is the light which is limited. She has a limit, the meaning of limit is that it
  • 00:35:57
    remains forever in 20 years, take Prabhjeet, take the chain of your laser torch
  • 00:36:02
    and you must have seen that if you press it in the kitchen, light comes out, she
  • 00:36:07
    remains in the form of a very thin Bheem. It makes a very small support on the wall which
  • 00:36:10
    can be used for presentation only when you use it or you must have seen the hotspot turned off. So while
  • 00:36:17
    making this laser beam, while making the laser, when we make the optical cavity, which is the
  • 00:36:22
    article cavity. How is it made so that there is coordination, so the
  • 00:36:27
    light of the laser is limited, no, even after going very far, its spot
  • 00:36:31
    does not become very big, so the entire energy strip also keeps focus on the appointed point,
  • 00:36:35
    but one thing . A normal torch is that it is a torch, the light moves forward as you look at it,
  • 00:36:40
    its support gets bigger, so these are all the things due to which the laser
  • 00:36:45
    light becomes more and better, a lot of energy is focused in a very small area.
  • 00:36:49
    If it does this then its policy is very high, you will see that it is definitely a channel, it is a
  • 00:36:53
    very bright support, why while it is a small channel, it was very small, it seemed to be
  • 00:37:00
    so small, it means it is not being used much, but it is being used. Still, the bride
  • 00:37:05
    support is formed because all the things are there in it, it
  • 00:37:09
    is getting focused at a very pointed small place, due to this, it is one of our spots
  • 00:37:19
    , there is a thick PowerPoint area formed there. What happens is that this point is focused too much. It becomes big
  • 00:37:25
    , hence the power, the power point area is very large,
  • 00:37:31
    as it is less due to lack of property, but it is very small, that is why
  • 00:37:39
    it is also very important due to the intercity being very high,
  • 00:37:46
    now let's talk. Look at the special things in the helium eye of helium sexual laser. Helium
  • 00:37:51
    balls are filled with two gases, helium and neon. It has such a big special
  • 00:37:57
    mechanism. If it is helium gas, then what is its use? Helium gas is light,
  • 00:38:02
    so it can burn anything very fast. Pumping saves the energy, so you
  • 00:38:07
    see that it does the pumping according to the energy and it reaches an energy state.
  • 00:38:12
    Its value is 20.61 electron volts. If it is said in energy less electron volt meter
  • 00:38:16
    then it is an exam of electronics. Helium is the atomic site and
  • 00:38:22
    with this energy it becomes excited and before coming back to its ground state from the excited state,
  • 00:38:28
    it performs elastic collagen with the neon item which is a neon item and
  • 00:38:34
    crushes it in such a way that it cleans its Transfers energy, then
  • 00:38:40
    through collimation it transfers its energy to neon, due to which what
  • 00:38:45
    happens is that the items of neon reach their excited station. Now
  • 00:38:50
    what happens to New York, it is appointed excited state after that. This is the energy state
  • 00:38:54
    , this is my table state, this is my tablet, its in human
  • 00:39:00
    points is the table state and the next energy level has a transition in between
  • 00:39:04
    and a laser reaction occurs once Leon's items reach Tasty from it. After
  • 00:39:09
    that and through the addition response it comes back to the grind state, then
  • 00:39:14
    the alien laser is a popular laser which is a commonly used laser which we use
  • 00:39:20
    which is used, so this is its diagram which is a little bit sometimes Ask and
  • 00:39:26
    you will see a detailed video made, you will watch it and you
  • 00:39:31
    will understand many things in it properly, I swear this particular
  • 00:39:35
    helium sexual laceration reaction, so much I think if you have understood well then you will read
  • 00:39:41
    this section . You can solve the problem easily. Let's keep this for today.
  • 00:39:47
    Will meet others. Have a sun tan. Have a nice day.
  • 00:39:51
    Take care of yourself. Why?
Tags
  • LASER
  • light
  • stimulated emission
  • population inversion
  • energy levels
  • atomic model
  • monochromatic light
  • optical pumping
  • helium-neon laser
  • stimulated emission of radiation