Bach - A Passionate Life
Ringkasan
TLDRLe film examine la vie et l'œuvre de Johann Sebastian Bach, l'un des compositeurs les plus influents de l'histoire. Bach a influencé de nombreux compositeurs, de la musique classique aux genres plus modernes tels que le jazz et la pop. Bien que l'on sache peu de choses sur sa vie personnelle, les documents disponibles et ses compositions révèlent beaucoup sur son caractère et ses croyances profondes. Bach a été fortement influencé par le réformateur Martin Luther, qui a transformé le culte religieux en intégrant davantage de musique. Ce film explore également les défis personnels de Bach, notamment la perte de ses parents et enfants et les tensions avec ses employeurs. Sa musique, toujours marquée par des thèmes de consolation et de foi, reste une source d'inspiration et de réconfort pour beaucoup aujourd'hui. Malgré les difficultés, Bach a exprimé une ambition incessante de créer une "musique de l'église bien réglementée" pour la gloire de Dieu.
Takeaways
- 🎵 Johann Sebastian Bach a influencé de nombreux compositeurs classiques et modernes.
- 🕊️ Sa musique est marquée par des thèmes de consolation et de foi.
- 🎨 Luther a eu un impact majeur sur sa vision religieuse et musicale.
- 📜 Peu de détails sont connus de sa vie personnelle, mais sa musique parle pour lui.
- 🎶 Sa maîtrise des formes musicales comme le cantate et la fugue est inégalée.
- 🤝 Les tensions avec ses employeurs ont marqué sa carrière professionnelle.
- 🏛️ Son engagement envers une musique d'église bien réglementée est central dans son œuvre.
- 🎤 Bach était également connu pour ses talents d'improvisateur et d'interprète.
- 🎻 Ses œuvres pour violon solo ou orgue restent des monuments du répertoire.
- 🌟 La singularité de son génie musical reste une source de fascination.
Garis waktu
- 00:00:00 - 00:05:00
Le film explore l'influence de Johann Sebastian Bach sur la musique, de Mozart aux Beatles, et commence par une analyse de l'image austère de Bach, contrastée par la vivacité et l'énergie de sa musique. L'auteur souhaite tester ses intuitions sur la personnalité de Bach à travers l'analyse de sa musique et de discussions avec des experts.
- 00:05:00 - 00:10:00
Le film continue en explorant les influences de Martin Luther sur Bach, en particulier la manière dont Luther a transformé l'usage de la langue et de la musique dans le culte chrétien. La musique de Bach est profondément ancrée dans les croyances luthériennes.
- 00:10:00 - 00:15:00
Le narrateur revient sur les débuts de Bach, sa famille musicale, et son enfance marquée par des pertes tragiques. La mort de ses parents a eu un impact profond sur lui à un jeune âge, mais elle a aussi été un catalyseur pour son développement musical.
- 00:15:00 - 00:20:00
Le film s'attarde sur la relation entre Bach et son frère aîné, Johann Christoph, qui a peut-être été l'un de ses premiers enseignants. On explore la complexité du génie de Bach qui ne peut être expliqué ni par la génétique ni uniquement par l'éducation musicale.
- 00:20:00 - 00:25:00
Il est suggéré que Bach a puisé une partie de sa formation musicale auprès de Georg Böhm à Lunebourg. De nouvelles preuves, sous forme de manuscrits récents, renforcent cette hypothèse, bien que Bach ait toujours prétendu être autodidacte.
- 00:25:00 - 00:30:00
La jeunesse de Bach est marquée par son premier emploi à Arnstadt, où il se confronte avec autorité et innovation musicale, provoquant souvent des tensions. Un incident célèbre est exploré, où un désaccord avec un bassoniste eskale en confrontation physique.
- 00:30:00 - 00:35:00
Bach trouve de nouvelles opportunités musicales à Mühlhausen, se marie et exprime son désir de créer de la « musique d'église bien régulée à la gloire de Dieu ». Cependant, des conflits locaux limitent son travail, le poussant à chercher ailleurs.
- 00:35:00 - 00:40:00
À Weimar, Bach s'immerge dans la musique italienne influençant ses œuvres, notamment ses célèbres cantates. Cependant, des tensions politiques et les restrictions imposées par ses employeurs limitent sa liberté, conduisant à un emprisonnement.
- 00:40:00 - 00:45:00
Après Weimar, Bach accepte un poste à Köthen où pour la première fois il dispose d'excellents musiciens. Il compose un large éventail d'œuvres séculaires. Cependant, le décès soudain de son épouse Maria Barbara Bach marque une nouvelle épreuve personnelle pour lui.
- 00:45:00 - 00:50:00
À Leipzig, Bach accepte une position centrale mais se heurte aux attentes et aux rivalités politiques. Malgré cela, il commence une période de créativité intense, composant de nombreuses cantates et passions, illustrant toute la richesse émotionnelle et technique de son art.
- 00:50:00 - 00:55:00
La passion pour St John, bien que mal reçue initialement, est le sommet de cette période créative. Bach utilise des techniques dramatiques et structurelles novatrices pour élever la narration biblique à un niveau d'intensité musicale profond.
- 00:55:00 - 01:00:00
À Leipzig, Bach se tourne ensuite vers les chorals, introduisant des œuvres variées et souvent légères, tout en continuant à exploiter des thèmes religieux et sérieux, malgré les défis continus avec les autorités municipales.
- 01:00:00 - 01:05:00
Malgré le succès de son œuvre religieuse, les tensions croissantes avec le conseil de Leipzig conduisent à une réduction de la production de musique d'église de Bach, mais lui permettent également de s'essayer à la musique profane dans des cadres moins formels.
- 01:05:00 - 01:10:00
La messe en si mineur de Bach, composée dans l'espoir d'obtenir un titre à Dresde, représente une synthèse de ses styles et techniques musicaux. Cependant, sa relation avec ses employeurs reste tourmentée, en partie à cause de son caractère rigide.
- 01:10:00 - 01:15:00
Une des caractéristiques distinctives de l'œuvre de Bach est l'utilisation cryptique de son propre nom B A C H dans sa musique, symbolisant peut-être son engagement personnel et sa marque unique immortalisée dans son art.
- 01:15:00 - 01:29:14
Bach meurt à Leipzig à l'âge de 65 ans. Sa musique tombe d'abord dans l'oubli posthume mais est redécouverte et célébrée pour sa profondeur et sa perfection, établissant sa place durable dans l'histoire de la musique.
Peta Pikiran
Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan
Quels musiciens ont été influencés par Bach ?
Johann Sebastian Bach a influencé non seulement les compositeurs classiques comme Mozart, Mendelssohn, Beethoven, et Brahms, mais aussi des musiciens de jazz et de pop comme Duke Ellington et les Beatles.
Quel a été l'impact de Martin Luther sur la vie de Bach ?
Le réformateur Martin Luther a eu une énorme influence sur Bach, notamment en transformant la manière de célébrer le culte avec une plus grande implication de la musique et des chants.
Quels étaient les principaux défis personnels dans la vie de Bach ?
Bach a eu une vie marquée par la perte de ses parents à un très jeune âge, la perte de plusieurs de ses propres enfants, et des conflits avec ses employeurs.
Bach était-il aussi connu pour être un interprète de musique ?
Oui, en plus d'être compositeur, il était aussi interprète, connaissant un grand succès en tant qu'organiste et violoniste virtuose.
D'où Bach tirait-il son inspiration musicale ?
Bach a puisé dans des chœurs populaires et des thèmes religieux pour s'inspirer et composer des pièces qui résonnent encore aujourd'hui.
Quels sont quelques-unes des œuvres les plus connues de Bach ?
Les passions de Bach, en particulier la Passion selon Saint-Matthieu et la Passion selon Saint-Jean, sont célèbres pour leur puissance dramatique et émotionnelle.
Quels thèmes reviennent fréquemment dans la musique de Bach ?
La musique de Bach évoque souvent des thèmes de consolation, de réconfort dans le chagrin, et de foi, reflétant ses propres expériences de perte et de souffrance.
Quelle était l'ambition déclarée de Bach dans sa carrière musicale ?
Il souhaitait créer une "musique de l'église bien réglementée" à la gloire de Dieu, ce que montre bien son dévouement à composer de la musique religieuse.
Comment Bach exprimait-il ses frustrations face aux défis qu'il rencontrait à Leipzig ?
Il a exprimé ses frustrations à travers des documents comme l'"Eingaben" où il se plaignait de manquer de musiciens de qualité pour interpréter ses compositions.
Comment le film décrit-il le "génie" de Bach ?
L'idée de génie est souvent difficile à expliquer et pourrait être vue autant comme le fruit de conditions uniques que comme une singularité inexplicable.
Lihat lebih banyak ringkasan video
- 00:00:00[Music]
- 00:00:05Johan Sebastian Bak is the ultimate
- 00:00:08composers composer influencing countless
- 00:00:11others who followed him from Mozart to
- 00:00:13mendleson Beethoven to brahs and not
- 00:00:17just in classical music from Duke
- 00:00:19Ellington to The Beatles musicians in
- 00:00:21jazz and pop have also Fallen under his
- 00:00:23spell and learned from his
- 00:00:26techniques B is still The Benchmark a
- 00:00:29musical gold
- 00:00:32standard we know very little about B's
- 00:00:35life there are only a few facts to go on
- 00:00:38and our image of him is skewed by
- 00:00:40statues and paintings of a Stern
- 00:00:42forbidding figure in a frock coat and a
- 00:00:44powdered wig but then there's the
- 00:00:47[Music]
- 00:00:52music and the music tells us something
- 00:00:54completely different about him it's full
- 00:00:57of energy full of Dance full of life
- 00:01:01over a lifetime of getting to know
- 00:01:03singing and conducting BX music I formed
- 00:01:06a series of hunches about his
- 00:01:07personality and character and in this
- 00:01:10film I want to test them out with fellow
- 00:01:12B enthusiasts and Scholars and perform
- 00:01:15some of his most important works to see
- 00:01:17what they can tell us about the
- 00:01:19extraordinary man who composed them he
- 00:01:21really throws everything at it you know
- 00:01:24it's just such an overwhelming
- 00:01:26exploration of what it is to be a human
- 00:01:28being
- 00:01:30I think he's a scientist at work and
- 00:01:32instead of using the language of
- 00:01:34mathematics he's a scientist using
- 00:01:36[Music]
- 00:01:38music the level of inspiration on which
- 00:01:40he works is I I think unparalleled in
- 00:01:43the rest of
- 00:01:47[Music]
- 00:01:49Music such Splendor and wonderfulness
- 00:01:53that on its own would convince me that
- 00:01:54there was a God if I felt inclined to
- 00:01:56take that um conclusion from in this
- 00:01:59film I want to build a new Statue of Bah
- 00:02:03to see if we can detect a beating heart
- 00:02:05and a more approachable personality
- 00:02:08underneath the
- 00:02:10[Music]
- 00:02:21wig my own engagement with Bak began as
- 00:02:23a small child growing up on a farming
- 00:02:25Dorset just before the war a refugee
- 00:02:28from Nazi Germany arrived red with a
- 00:02:30painting in his Rock sack one that his
- 00:02:32great-grandfather had bought in a junk
- 00:02:33shop and he asked my father to look
- 00:02:35after it for him it was one of only two
- 00:02:38portraits painted of JS Bach in his
- 00:02:44lifetime so I passed it every day of my
- 00:02:46life until I was 10 when the painting
- 00:02:48was sold and moved to Princeton New
- 00:02:51Jersey this is the first time I've seen
- 00:02:53it since
- 00:02:551953 what's so striking to me seeing it
- 00:02:58again is the intensity of his gaze I
- 00:03:01mean those
- 00:03:02eyes it's just extraordinary they're so
- 00:03:06penetrative I still feel there's a
- 00:03:09division between the upper half of his
- 00:03:11face and the bottom half the upper half
- 00:03:13is so intense it's got that Beetle
- 00:03:17browed slightly myopic
- 00:03:20look below that you see somebody quite
- 00:03:23different
- 00:03:24somebody much more approachable somebody
- 00:03:27who enjoyed the good things of life a
- 00:03:30bon VI who enjoyed his tobacco and his
- 00:03:33wine and his beer and there's plenty of
- 00:03:35records of what he drank and the father
- 00:03:38of 20 children and two
- 00:03:43wives we know pitifully few hard facts
- 00:03:46about B there's very little to go on and
- 00:03:48only a handful of personal
- 00:03:51letters but as in any good detective
- 00:03:53story it's often the gaps the seeming
- 00:03:56contradictions in the tale that are as
- 00:03:58suggestive and intriguing as the hard
- 00:04:00evidence
- 00:04:05available we do know that Johan
- 00:04:07Sebastian was born on the 21st of March
- 00:04:101685 in aenar in the middle of modern
- 00:04:13day
- 00:04:15[Music]
- 00:04:21Germany this is the so-called Bak house
- 00:04:24now a museum devoted to him until
- 00:04:27recently it build itself as the house
- 00:04:29where Bak was born and where he grew up
- 00:04:32we now know that's definitely not the
- 00:04:34case as with so much of his life exactly
- 00:04:37where Bach was born remains a
- 00:04:42mystery Johan Sebastian was baptized
- 00:04:45here at 2 days old in St George's Church
- 00:04:47in
- 00:04:49aenar later he sang Here in the
- 00:04:52choir as a child he said to have had an
- 00:04:54unusually fine treble
- 00:04:57voice 200 years before him there was
- 00:04:59another corer who stood in exactly the
- 00:05:01same place now that was Martin
- 00:05:05Luther and Luther created a revolution
- 00:05:08here in this part of
- 00:05:11Germany B's whole life was to be
- 00:05:13profoundly influenced by Luther's
- 00:05:16Reformation Luther set in train a new
- 00:05:18way of worship it totally transformed
- 00:05:21the role of language and music in
- 00:05:24church B's own music was filtered
- 00:05:26through his strongly held Lutheran
- 00:05:28beliefs and upbringing
- 00:05:32Luther preached his Reformation here in
- 00:05:34the Goran Kira in
- 00:05:361521 and then he
- 00:05:40disappeared actually he hadn't gone far
- 00:05:43in fact in the greatest of secrecy
- 00:05:45Luther was in hiding up here in the vorg
- 00:05:48the imposing castle that looms above the
- 00:05:51town of
- 00:05:54[Music]
- 00:05:58aenar
- 00:05:59[Music]
- 00:06:02his Reformation had made Luther the Most
- 00:06:04Wanted Man in
- 00:06:07[Music]
- 00:06:08Europe so this is a little room where
- 00:06:11Luther lived for 10 months here he was
- 00:06:15hold up imprisoned really for his own
- 00:06:18good because he was on the run from the
- 00:06:21pope from the
- 00:06:23emperor he was desperately constipated
- 00:06:26the Lord has struck me in the rear he
- 00:06:28said and he thought that the the devil
- 00:06:31was pelting him with walnuts from the
- 00:06:37ceiling Luther decided that his best
- 00:06:40weapon to use against the devil was
- 00:06:43black ink and in a matter of weeks he
- 00:06:47sat down at this desk and he wrote a
- 00:06:51translation from the Greek of the New
- 00:06:54Testament and it wasn't just in any old
- 00:06:57German he decided that he needed to
- 00:06:59amalgamate 18 different
- 00:07:02dialects and in effect he established
- 00:07:05the roots of the German language as we
- 00:07:08know
- 00:07:09it not only did Luther want the Bible to
- 00:07:12be in the language of the people he also
- 00:07:14wanted them to be able to join in the
- 00:07:16music something that in the Catholic
- 00:07:18church was much more the province of
- 00:07:20train
- 00:07:21[Music]
- 00:07:24choirs Luther was convinced that music
- 00:07:27added extra expression and eloquence to
- 00:07:29the biblical texts the notes make the
- 00:07:33words come alive he
- 00:07:35wrote In fact without music man is
- 00:07:38little more than a
- 00:07:40stone so the words appealed to the
- 00:07:43intellect and music appeal to the
- 00:07:45passions and besides why should the
- 00:07:48devil have all the good
- 00:07:49Tunes Luther and his followers made sure
- 00:07:52he didn't they coralled secular tunes
- 00:07:55that everybody knew including quite
- 00:07:57Earthly love songs and then set them to
- 00:07:59new words so the congregation could belt
- 00:08:02them out in
- 00:08:04church hymns or corals written by Luther
- 00:08:07and his followers became absolutely
- 00:08:09Central to Protestant worship and of
- 00:08:11course to the music of
- 00:08:14[Music]
- 00:08:14[Applause]
- 00:08:17Bah the impact of the reformer Luther on
- 00:08:20the impressionable young Bak was
- 00:08:23immeasurable it shaped his whole view of
- 00:08:25the world it bolstered his sense of
- 00:08:28worth as a c
- 00:08:29musician and it reinforced his service
- 00:08:32to the
- 00:08:33church it's such an announcement a
- 00:08:36proclamation of the arrival on Earth of
- 00:08:38the Christ child relish the words relish
- 00:08:40them
- 00:08:45[Music]
- 00:08:58so
- 00:09:06[Music]
- 00:09:28for
- 00:09:31[Music]
- 00:09:47B's Destiny was to become a musician
- 00:09:49music was the family
- 00:09:52business in this part of Germany in the
- 00:09:55heart of the singian forest the Bak
- 00:09:57family were thick on the ground
- 00:10:00and they provided a support system to
- 00:10:01each other and they carved up the
- 00:10:03different roles of organist and Cantor
- 00:10:06and Housman which is the head of the
- 00:10:08local wind band between them and in fact
- 00:10:12they became almost so important here
- 00:10:15that the word b and musician became
- 00:10:19[Music]
- 00:10:24synonymous the B Clan knew how to let
- 00:10:26their hair down and often got together
- 00:10:29focous family
- 00:10:31celebrations Sebastian the youngest of
- 00:10:34eight brothers and sisters was thus
- 00:10:35surrounded by music at home in church
- 00:10:38and in
- 00:10:40school I have in my hand what was
- 00:10:42probably the most precious book of Bar's
- 00:10:46childhood certainly the one that he used
- 00:10:49every single day of his life until he
- 00:10:50left
- 00:10:51aenar it's
- 00:10:54theang the song Book used in church and
- 00:10:57used in school
- 00:10:59and it has wonderful copper
- 00:11:02Engravings which show David and Solomon
- 00:11:05in the temple surrounded by their Temple
- 00:11:08musicians and the connections that Bak
- 00:11:11must have made in his mind between his
- 00:11:13family of the most famous musicians in
- 00:11:15the area with a long dynastic lineage
- 00:11:19going all the way back to
- 00:11:23Solomon because he wrote so many
- 00:11:25masterpieces of Sacred Music in the 19th
- 00:11:28century religiously inclined writers
- 00:11:30like to picture Bak as a saintly figure
- 00:11:33a kind of fifth evangelist to match the
- 00:11:35goody two shoes image of his childhood
- 00:11:38but in recent years this picture started
- 00:11:40to
- 00:11:42change this is a book containing the
- 00:11:45records of B's school performance and it
- 00:11:47gives us his syllabus of classes that he
- 00:11:50attended and it also shows that for
- 00:11:52example in the third year he came 46th
- 00:11:58out of 89
- 00:11:59pupils and what's more it tells us that
- 00:12:03he missed 96 separate
- 00:12:08classes this is a fascinating document
- 00:12:10because it's somehow slipped under the
- 00:12:12radar it's a report on school conditions
- 00:12:16in the Latin School where Bak was a
- 00:12:18pupil and it shows the lack of textbooks
- 00:12:21the overcrowding the cheeking of the
- 00:12:23Masters the throwing of bricks Through
- 00:12:26the Windows all sorts of Proto ganism
- 00:12:30and it's been kind of neatly ired out of
- 00:12:33all the the biographies and so it's
- 00:12:35really interesting to come to light
- 00:12:41now since the fall of the Berlin wall
- 00:12:43and the reunification of Germany more
- 00:12:46documents have come to light that
- 00:12:48greatly enhance our knowledge of Bak in
- 00:12:51particular the Bak archives in leich
- 00:12:53have made huge strides in discovering
- 00:12:55more about the composer's working
- 00:12:57methods and for the first time opened
- 00:12:59their doors to
- 00:13:01researchers all the significant
- 00:13:03documents about B many Originals some
- 00:13:06copies are
- 00:13:07here when Bak was 50 he suddenly got a
- 00:13:11Fascination for family roots and family
- 00:13:14trees genealogy so he wanted to give
- 00:13:16himself legitimacy in some way and
- 00:13:20here's an example and it shows the whole
- 00:13:23Bak family starting with the legendary
- 00:13:26figure of fight Bach who arrived from
- 00:13:27Hungary in in the middle of the 16th
- 00:13:29century and it goes all the way through
- 00:13:32to Bak himself who's over here and then
- 00:13:36his children and his grandchildren
- 00:13:38you'll notice every single member of the
- 00:13:40Bak family is a man all Bloks not a
- 00:13:44single
- 00:13:46woman but mothers sisters and aunts must
- 00:13:49have participated in the family music
- 00:13:50making so was it nature or nurture that
- 00:13:54we have to thank for the genius of Bah
- 00:13:57when he was 50 he did family tree um and
- 00:14:00he also assembled pieces of his
- 00:14:02ancestors music and there was one person
- 00:14:04that he singled out as being a profound
- 00:14:06composer another one who he singled out
- 00:14:08as being um an able composer but there
- 00:14:11obviously wasn't anybody of enormous
- 00:14:13quality until he came along and yet he
- 00:14:15was one of five brothers Four Brothers
- 00:14:18uh how come he and not the others popped
- 00:14:21up above the parid he's such a good
- 00:14:23example uh because he really undermines
- 00:14:27any simplistic explanation of his genius
- 00:14:30of Genius I mean if if you had a genetic
- 00:14:33explanation then the genes would have
- 00:14:35gone through throughout the the bark
- 00:14:38family in fact why did they take so long
- 00:14:39to generate bark you know so many
- 00:14:41generations um and I think all these
- 00:14:44more General explanations on the basis
- 00:14:46of genes even on the basis of the
- 00:14:48musical culture that surrounded him do
- 00:14:50not deliver the singular genius that he
- 00:14:52was and it's a Pity in a way we can't
- 00:14:55accept the singularity of people who are
- 00:14:57manifestly unique we just can't bear the
- 00:15:00idea that genius is
- 00:15:04unexplained but that's not to say Bak
- 00:15:06was self-taught his father's cousin
- 00:15:09Johan Kristoff was the profound composer
- 00:15:12he referred to his music only recently
- 00:15:15rediscovered is the link between bak and
- 00:15:17the earlier German
- 00:15:20tradition Johan Kristoff may also have
- 00:15:23been Sebastian's first teacher at the
- 00:15:24organ an instrument he was to make his
- 00:15:27own
- 00:15:30but Johan Kristoff's life was a
- 00:15:31cautionary Tale in a sense the life of
- 00:15:35Johan Kristoff Bach exemplifies the
- 00:15:38problems that musicians had at the
- 00:15:41time they shuttle between the service of
- 00:15:45the church or of the court or
- 00:15:47occasionally of the M
- 00:15:49municipality and in Kristoff's case he
- 00:15:53had all manner of domestic problems he
- 00:15:55was shunted also from Pillar To Post
- 00:15:58here in the town the town wouldn't give
- 00:16:01him a proper dwelling he had illness in
- 00:16:05his family he was underpaid and he was
- 00:16:08thoroughly querulous and miserable about
- 00:16:10it and died in
- 00:16:12penury but there's another side to it
- 00:16:14and this is one that Sebastian May well
- 00:16:17have picked up from his Elder cousin
- 00:16:19which is that as a composer you can
- 00:16:23Channel all that frustration
- 00:16:26and disappointment into music and The
- 00:16:30Marvelous thing is about Johan
- 00:16:32Kristoff's music and Sebastian's music
- 00:16:34is that it has this wonderfully
- 00:16:37consoling and uplifting quality to
- 00:16:43[Music]
- 00:16:47it most of all Bark's music offers us
- 00:16:50Bal and comfort in
- 00:16:52bereavement the subject of death appears
- 00:16:55again and again throughout his music as
- 00:16:57it did in his own own
- 00:16:59life this is the Town
- 00:17:02Cemetery and isak's Old City walls are
- 00:17:04here on the right and just beyond it is
- 00:17:08the school where Bak went the old
- 00:17:10Dominican
- 00:17:11cler and somewhere here in unmarked
- 00:17:15graves are those of his parents
- 00:17:17Elizabeth and
- 00:17:19Ambrosius Elizabeth died when Bak was
- 00:17:22scarely 9 years old and then N9 months
- 00:17:25later his father ambrosus died as well
- 00:17:29and bakas the youngest son and member of
- 00:17:31the local Parish
- 00:17:33choir had to witness the whole event and
- 00:17:37sing while the ceremony was going on and
- 00:17:40the slow tolling of the bell and as the
- 00:17:45coffin was lowered into the grave he and
- 00:17:48his fellow chers sang Luther's words
- 00:17:51Mitten via iminent in the midst of life
- 00:17:54we in
- 00:17:57death his whole world must have
- 00:18:02collapsed his first wife was to die at
- 00:18:04the age of just
- 00:18:0635 even in an age of high infant
- 00:18:09mortality of his 20 children only 10
- 00:18:12were to reach
- 00:18:17adulthood after his parents died
- 00:18:19Sebastian and his elder brother yakob
- 00:18:21went to live with a sibling they hardly
- 00:18:23knew Johan Kristoff 14 years older than
- 00:18:27Sebastian he was a church organist at
- 00:18:29Oru only 30 m up the road but it could
- 00:18:32have been a world
- 00:18:35away I've come across documents in the
- 00:18:37local archives that show that conditions
- 00:18:39in Sebastian's School in U Were every
- 00:18:42bit as deplorable as in the one he'd
- 00:18:43left behind in isak ruffianism and
- 00:18:46loutish behavior were R here too and
- 00:18:50there was a sadistic teacher but
- 00:18:52curiously B's grades improved B was the
- 00:18:55youngest son of quite a big family and
- 00:18:58then suddenly he lost both parents
- 00:19:00before his 10th birthday and he then
- 00:19:02went to live with his elder
- 00:19:04brother how much of a trauma can that
- 00:19:07have been for him what you're describing
- 00:19:09is a triple bereavement there's losing
- 00:19:11the parents there's losing the home New
- 00:19:14Town new place I'd say that is pretty
- 00:19:18difficult for any child we do have a lot
- 00:19:21of research showing that this kind of
- 00:19:23early bereavement and uprooting can scar
- 00:19:26people for life do you think his school
- 00:19:29grades are relevant and interesting here
- 00:19:31because when he was an eak when he was
- 00:19:34still um with his parents he played
- 00:19:37truant an awful lot after he moves into
- 00:19:40his older brother's house his school
- 00:19:42grades rocket they go way up so there's
- 00:19:45a big change there does do you think
- 00:19:47that's to do with the orphanhood again
- 00:19:50I'm speculating but what what I'm what
- 00:19:52I'm hearing here is that there was a
- 00:19:53horrible horrible environment in the
- 00:19:54school but maybe there was a little bit
- 00:19:56of protection from the home then he
- 00:19:58loses the home so now the whole world is
- 00:20:01a doggy dog situation there's only one
- 00:20:03person he can rely on and that's himself
- 00:20:06which would explain why he has to be
- 00:20:08good at school now doesn't he he has to
- 00:20:11because basically if you show weakness
- 00:20:14if you are weak you suffer and you go
- 00:20:18under at the age of 15 Bak was awarded a
- 00:20:21singing scholarship at a school in
- 00:20:23lunberg 230 Mi to the north he walked
- 00:20:26the whole way with a school friend gor
- 00:20:29Erman who would re-enter the bach story
- 00:20:3130 years
- 00:20:32[Music]
- 00:20:39later B spent three years in lunberg
- 00:20:42from the age of 15 to 18 his voice would
- 00:20:45have broken almost as soon as he got
- 00:20:47there so what was he doing in the
- 00:20:49meantime this is one of the great
- 00:20:51puzzles of Bach's life one thing we do
- 00:20:54know is that while he was at lunberg
- 00:20:56Bach was acquainted with one of ger his
- 00:20:58leading musical figures goog boom a
- 00:21:01composer and a renowned organist also
- 00:21:03born in turingia like Bak
- 00:21:10himself this is a letter that Carl
- 00:21:12Philip Emanuel wrote to Bark's first
- 00:21:15biographer Johan Nicholas
- 00:21:18fle telling him all the bits and pieces
- 00:21:21that he could remember about his father
- 00:21:23and the particularly interesting thing
- 00:21:25here is when he refers to his former
- 00:21:28teacher G
- 00:21:30burm he crosses it
- 00:21:34out why having written that burm was his
- 00:21:36father's teacher did Emanuel think
- 00:21:38better of it and erase the
- 00:21:42reference in 2005 a suggestive new clue
- 00:21:46came to
- 00:21:47light some leaves of organ tablature for
- 00:21:50many years wrongly cataloged in a German
- 00:21:52Library were rediscovered by Lish arist
- 00:21:56Michelle Mau
- 00:21:59when I read the the Latin phrase at the
- 00:22:02end of the manuscript um copied after a
- 00:22:05manuscript of gor burm in the year of
- 00:22:091700 in lunberg and I know one person
- 00:22:13who was in 1700 in lunor and was very
- 00:22:15interested in very good organ music and
- 00:22:20that's the young JS bar after comparing
- 00:22:23the manuscript with the other examples
- 00:22:26we can be absolutely sure that no one
- 00:22:29else than b is the writer of these
- 00:22:31manuscripts I mean this is the missing
- 00:22:34piece in the puzzle isn't it because it
- 00:22:35says that he he wrote this on paper
- 00:22:38belonging to Gil burm so he went and
- 00:22:41maybe became a student or an apprentice
- 00:22:45to GB yes and under his supervision
- 00:22:49wrote out this very difficult piece
- 00:22:53which proves that he played this music
- 00:22:54so he was already a
- 00:22:56virtuoso
- 00:23:01did Emanuel suddenly remember that his
- 00:23:03father for some reason didn't wish his
- 00:23:05relationship with gor burm to be known
- 00:23:08did he acknowledge that he learned from
- 00:23:10other people did he
- 00:23:11acknowledge their greatness this is
- 00:23:13fascinating because when he made remarks
- 00:23:16about possible teachers his son Emmanuel
- 00:23:19just erased them so bu didn't want that
- 00:23:22to be known he wanted everybody to know
- 00:23:24that he' done it entirely on his own off
- 00:23:27his own bat if he had this assumption
- 00:23:30that you have got to have power and you
- 00:23:32should never show weakness he would be
- 00:23:34very poor in acknowledging those
- 00:23:38sources at the age of 18 b as well as
- 00:23:40being a virtuosa organist was a
- 00:23:42competent violinist in 173 he left lunor
- 00:23:46to return to the family stamping ground
- 00:23:49in anad only 30 mi from where Sebastian
- 00:23:52was born the city fathers had put a tax
- 00:23:54on beer in order to pay for a brand new
- 00:23:56organ for the NAA here here B was hired
- 00:24:00to test the new organ and then to play
- 00:24:02it in audition in front of the Thirsty
- 00:24:04citizens he landed the job on more money
- 00:24:07than his father had ever earned but
- 00:24:09there was a catch the council insisted
- 00:24:12that he provide new
- 00:24:14music all he had at his disposal was a
- 00:24:17rag tag and bulp tail band made up of
- 00:24:20mature students thus B began his career
- 00:24:23as a composer but not in exactly
- 00:24:25auspicious circumstances he wrote a
- 00:24:28canata his first in which there's a very
- 00:24:32important bassoon
- 00:24:33obligato a solo for the bassoon in three
- 00:24:36of the
- 00:24:38movements it was a banana
- 00:24:41skin the bassoon part starts innocuously
- 00:24:45enough honking away at a steady old lick
- 00:24:48but then comes a basson's worst
- 00:24:51[Music]
- 00:24:56nightmare
- 00:25:02in the space of about two and a half
- 00:25:04bars he sends the bassoon through a
- 00:25:08whole list of different Keys involving
- 00:25:11very very very complicated fingerings
- 00:25:14deliberately or not B had set a trap for
- 00:25:16his resident
- 00:25:17bassoonist he was writing for a fellow
- 00:25:21called Gay asbach who in rehearsal made
- 00:25:25a complete hash of it and Bak was
- 00:25:28exasperated to the point when he he
- 00:25:30called him aiple
- 00:25:32fagotti which can be translated
- 00:25:34variously as a nanny goat bassoon or a
- 00:25:38green horn
- 00:25:39bassoon but in reality Bak was calling
- 00:25:42him a
- 00:25:44prick yet another translation is
- 00:25:47bassoonist breaking wind after eating a
- 00:25:49green
- 00:25:50onion however gas Bach understood the
- 00:25:52term he didn't like what he was
- 00:25:56hearing the insult clearly
- 00:25:59rankled and gasbar plotted his
- 00:26:02revenge and he and his cronies well
- 00:26:05oiled after a party
- 00:26:07christening sat in wait for
- 00:26:10Bak here in the Town Square Bak was
- 00:26:13making his way back from playing music
- 00:26:16at the castle nidek castle and was taken
- 00:26:20completely by surprise and garbach came
- 00:26:23up to him and demanded an apology and
- 00:26:25then took his cudu and hit B smack
- 00:26:27across the face Bak in self-defense drew
- 00:26:31his
- 00:26:31Rapier and there was a scuffle a major
- 00:26:35scuffle and it was only the other
- 00:26:36students who eventually stopped the
- 00:26:38whole
- 00:26:42thing no doubt to Bach's Fury the church
- 00:26:45Council sided with garbach according to
- 00:26:47the records and that was far from the
- 00:26:49last of the problems Bach was accused of
- 00:26:52introducing strange harmonies into his
- 00:26:54organ music which upset the old deers of
- 00:26:56the parish
- 00:26:58he played either far too long or not
- 00:27:00long enough and he slipped off down to
- 00:27:02the pub once he smuggled a strange girl
- 00:27:06into his organ LOF to make
- 00:27:08music the final straw came when he asked
- 00:27:11for 4 weeks leave to visit the renowned
- 00:27:13organist bookster Huda walking the whole
- 00:27:16260 Mi up to
- 00:27:18Lubec in fact he was away 4 months not 4
- 00:27:22weeks and was aily dismissive when he
- 00:27:25was asked to explain himself what we now
- 00:27:28see is patterns of behavior that had
- 00:27:31their origins in the unhealthy
- 00:27:34environment of his early schooling first
- 00:27:36in aenar and then in U patterns of anger
- 00:27:41patterns of dealing with authority in a
- 00:27:44very Surly and uncompromising way
- 00:27:48impatience and a kind of
- 00:27:51self-assuredness that was bound to rub
- 00:27:53people up the wrong
- 00:27:56way
- 00:27:59[Music]
- 00:28:02bark is commemorated in anad by this
- 00:28:05curious recent statue in Jack the Lad
- 00:28:08pose perhaps in a nod to his feisty and
- 00:28:10fractur stay
- 00:28:12[Music]
- 00:28:16here his time in anad came to an end
- 00:28:19when in
- 00:28:20177 he was offered a new post 50 Mi up
- 00:28:23the road in
- 00:28:25mous the city had been thriving but it
- 00:28:28was B's bad luck to arrive just after a
- 00:28:31disastrous fire had wreak havoc in the
- 00:28:33city caught up in a local dispute
- 00:28:36between the clergy B moved on in less
- 00:28:38than a year but two significant things
- 00:28:41happened first age 22 he married his
- 00:28:44cousin Maria
- 00:28:45Barbara and then he wrote one of the
- 00:28:48most important documents we have here's
- 00:28:50a letter that b wrote to the muaz and
- 00:28:53Town Council explaining the reasons why
- 00:28:57he handed in his resignation and the
- 00:29:00interesting thing from our point of view
- 00:29:01is that he defines his enek as he called
- 00:29:04it his final ambition his goal in
- 00:29:07life the key phrase is a well-regulated
- 00:29:11church music to the glory of
- 00:29:15God Germany was on the brink of the
- 00:29:18Enlightenment the Scientific Revolution
- 00:29:20had been in full swing for over a
- 00:29:22century but Superstition was still R
- 00:29:25here as late as the 1730s witches would
- 00:29:27being burnt at the
- 00:29:29stake the 30 Years War had ended in 1648
- 00:29:32and in its wake came a strong Revival of
- 00:29:35Lutheranism Bak took it upon himself to
- 00:29:37lay down the new and the Old Testament
- 00:29:40Commandments with renewed
- 00:29:42[Music]
- 00:29:54[Applause]
- 00:29:54[Music]
- 00:29:56Force
- 00:29:58[Music]
- 00:30:26those
- 00:30:28[Applause]
- 00:30:32[Music]
- 00:30:51[Applause]
- 00:30:56the
- 00:30:57[Music]
- 00:31:15[Applause]
- 00:31:19in 178 Bak left MH Hasen for the elegant
- 00:31:22Court of viar this was a real turning
- 00:31:25point for the first time in his life he
- 00:31:27was able to call on good quality
- 00:31:29musicians but as so often in his career
- 00:31:32there was a snag in fact there were two
- 00:31:33of them fart was ruled by a pair of
- 00:31:36Dukes an uncle and nephew team it was a
- 00:31:40recipe for
- 00:31:41disaster the musicians were employed by
- 00:31:44both but the uncle made it known to the
- 00:31:47musicians that if they played for his
- 00:31:49nephew they would be liable to be
- 00:31:52flogged dismissed out of hand in fact
- 00:31:54there was one poor horn player who was
- 00:31:56dismissed on the spot flogged and then
- 00:31:59eventually hung as an example terrible
- 00:32:02example to all the other musicians what
- 00:32:04would happen if they stepped out of
- 00:32:08[Music]
- 00:32:14line one might imagine that in such a
- 00:32:16fraught tense situation nothing creative
- 00:32:19could have come out of B's time in viar
- 00:32:21but of course the opposite is true it
- 00:32:23was a hugely stimulating time for him
- 00:32:26his first encounter with the Italian
- 00:32:28music of Vivaldi and of Kelli and so on
- 00:32:32and from Bar's own compositional
- 00:32:34activity it was an enormously important
- 00:32:36time we got the beginnings of his really
- 00:32:39really important keyboard works and not
- 00:32:42only that his canatas amazing canatas
- 00:32:46that he started to write for VMA for the
- 00:32:49capella and performed up in the
- 00:32:52[Music]
- 00:32:56himburg
- 00:33:01originally a canata was a small intimate
- 00:33:03Italian piece for solo voice and a
- 00:33:06couple of
- 00:33:07instruments but soon it was taken over
- 00:33:09by German composers in the century
- 00:33:11before B and was associated with the
- 00:33:14Lutheran
- 00:33:15liturgy but by the time B came along it
- 00:33:19had grown into something almost
- 00:33:22gargantuan his 200 pieces last anything
- 00:33:25from 25 to 30 minutes each occupied a
- 00:33:29place somewhere between the reading of
- 00:33:31the lesson and the sermon and they
- 00:33:34reflected the theme of the day as it
- 00:33:37were you pity the unfortunate preacher
- 00:33:40who had to follow music as eloquent as
- 00:33:45[Music]
- 00:33:55this
- 00:34:00[Music]
- 00:34:18[Music]
- 00:34:22for
- 00:34:23[Music]
- 00:34:25me
- 00:34:29[Music]
- 00:34:33BK demonstrates his fantastic ability to
- 00:34:35set a scene in this case Jesus knocking
- 00:34:38at the door of the human
- 00:34:40[Music]
- 00:34:55heart
- 00:34:58[Music]
- 00:35:05come to
- 00:35:07[Music]
- 00:35:24see
- 00:35:25my
- 00:35:27[Music]
- 00:35:34[Music]
- 00:35:43B wrote more than 20 katas in viar but
- 00:35:46having proved his early Mastery of the
- 00:35:48form he suddenly
- 00:35:49stopped the Court's musical director had
- 00:35:52died and when the resulting vacancy was
- 00:35:54filled by his son a musical ity and not
- 00:35:57by B his reaction was to down tools he
- 00:36:01simply stopped
- 00:36:04composing it went from bad to worse when
- 00:36:08B asked to leave his employee the fiery
- 00:36:10vham oun had him thrown into jail B thus
- 00:36:13became one of the few composers in
- 00:36:15history to do hard
- 00:36:17time some of his music technically the
- 00:36:20property of his employer may have stayed
- 00:36:22on at viar 70 years later the himburg
- 00:36:25burnt to the ground
- 00:36:27and B's music was lost
- 00:36:30forever after a month in prison B headed
- 00:36:33off to the job he'd been hankering after
- 00:36:35all
- 00:36:36along that of Capel Meister he joined a
- 00:36:40music loving Prince Leopold at the
- 00:36:42castle in curtain not far from Vima as
- 00:36:45his music director and it was the
- 00:36:47beginning of a wonderful new phase in
- 00:36:50his life five and a half years of
- 00:36:52relative trouble-free
- 00:36:54composition the first time in his life
- 00:36:56where he's away from the church he's in
- 00:36:59a secular environment because he doesn't
- 00:37:02have to write church music Prince
- 00:37:04Leopold is a calvinist there's no
- 00:37:05requirements of Lutheran Church music at
- 00:37:07his court B is settled with his family
- 00:37:09and he has a sympathetic and extremely
- 00:37:12music conscious and music enthusiastic
- 00:37:16boss Bach completed the famous
- 00:37:18Brandenburg conas at curtain as well as
- 00:37:21a set of solo cello Suites which are
- 00:37:23today amongst his most popular works
- 00:37:26[Music]
- 00:38:09[Music]
- 00:38:36just as Bach was for once happy and
- 00:38:39settled tragedy struck while he was on a
- 00:38:42trip to Bohemia with the prince the only
- 00:38:44time Bach ever left Germany his wife
- 00:38:47Maria Barbara died unexpectedly and was
- 00:38:50buried before he returned and could be
- 00:38:51told of her death their marriage seems
- 00:38:54to have been a happy one and this sudden
- 00:38:56bement was another crushing blow for
- 00:38:59b no one knew better than he how
- 00:39:02terrifyingly unpredictable and
- 00:39:04assignation with death could
- 00:39:06[Music]
- 00:39:20[Music]
- 00:39:25be
- 00:39:31[Music]
- 00:39:36a year and a half after his first wife
- 00:39:38died Bak married Anna magdalina a
- 00:39:41professional singer at the curtain Court
- 00:39:4316 years as Junior she was to Bear him
- 00:39:45another 13 children seven of whom died
- 00:39:48in
- 00:39:50infancy for his new wife and at her
- 00:39:53request Bak gathered together the music
- 00:39:55of the Anam mag Delina notebooks also at
- 00:39:58curtain he began the 48 preludes and
- 00:40:01fugues of the well-tempered clavier it's
- 00:40:03typical of B that to test out a new
- 00:40:05tuning system he wrote two pieces for
- 00:40:08each key major and minor for me the
- 00:40:11driving thing for bar I think must have
- 00:40:13been um this obsessive rigor I mean this
- 00:40:16is someone who I think you know in
- 00:40:19writing a collection of keyboard Works
- 00:40:21in every key I think it's not just that
- 00:40:24that's available to him I think he
- 00:40:26couldn't possibly have done it any other
- 00:40:28way I think he would have had to have
- 00:40:29explored every single key and done it
- 00:40:31again
- 00:40:33twice Bark's inventiveness is proved by
- 00:40:36a puzzle contained in the music he's
- 00:40:37showing us in the famous portrait I
- 00:40:39passed every day as a child on the face
- 00:40:42of it the piece is straightforward
- 00:40:43enough it's incredibly simple it sounds
- 00:40:46um just almost like a nursery
- 00:40:49[Music]
- 00:40:55rhyme
- 00:40:57but that's the version that we see as he
- 00:41:00shows it to us in the portrait but from
- 00:41:03his perspective what do we see well if
- 00:41:06you turn the music up the other way
- 00:41:08around and read it backwards what you
- 00:41:11get is
- 00:41:14[Music]
- 00:41:21this in other words what's in my head
- 00:41:24and what you see and what you hear at
- 00:41:26two different things yeah I think he's
- 00:41:27got like a secret smile and he's he's
- 00:41:30not quite looking at it is he so he
- 00:41:32knows something that we don't and I love
- 00:41:34the fact that it took a 100 years for
- 00:41:36people to start working it out the clue
- 00:41:39is in the title it's a piece not for
- 00:41:41three but for six
- 00:41:44voices if you move the reverse version
- 00:41:48by a bar you get this incredible
- 00:41:51six-part um bit of pop music really
- 00:41:59[Music]
- 00:42:08it's so simple so complex do you
- 00:42:12subscribe to the view that a lot of his
- 00:42:14music is numerological that it is
- 00:42:17reflecting not simply just his own name
- 00:42:20but actually that he as a starting
- 00:42:23mechanism would rule the paper and
- 00:42:26measure out the number of bars that he
- 00:42:27was actually going to use or is that
- 00:42:29just
- 00:42:30baloney I think it was a hugely creative
- 00:42:35structural mechanism for him but that
- 00:42:39was an intuition that he had around
- 00:42:42numbers and the appeal of numbers for
- 00:42:44him and I think he had an almost
- 00:42:47obsessive enjoyment of pattern which for
- 00:42:50me is the mark of a scientist as well
- 00:42:52scientists look for and respond to
- 00:42:54pattern in nature and when they find it
- 00:42:56they try and categorize it and put rules
- 00:42:58around it and then they try and break
- 00:42:59the rules and that's the fun bit is
- 00:43:01playing with the pattern that they find
- 00:43:03and I think it's an intuition that he
- 00:43:04has not as a mathematician as such but
- 00:43:07more broadly as a
- 00:43:09scientist in his own lifetime B was far
- 00:43:12more famous as a performer than as a
- 00:43:15composer he wrote many pieces for the
- 00:43:17organ an instrument on which he was
- 00:43:19renowned as an improviser of Genius he
- 00:43:22also stretched the boundaries of another
- 00:43:24instrument he himself performed on
- 00:43:26writing a series of solo dance suites
- 00:43:28for the
- 00:43:30violin there are lighter ahead of
- 00:43:33anything that was written for the solo
- 00:43:35violin ever before he just takes the
- 00:43:38violin to a completely different into a
- 00:43:40different
- 00:43:41realm and asks from the violin to do
- 00:43:43very unvis things like triple stops
- 00:43:47quadruple stops um uh polyphonic uh
- 00:43:51writing fugues you know fugues were
- 00:43:54written for harpsicord and for organs
- 00:43:55and for orchestras but not for one solo
- 00:44:00[Music]
- 00:44:10[Applause]
- 00:44:11[Music]
- 00:44:25violin
- 00:44:28that that is storytelling too it's a
- 00:44:30story if you like about four notes about
- 00:44:32D C B flat and
- 00:44:34a but it's but it's also a soliloquy
- 00:44:38it's a very dramatic um argument in a
- 00:44:42similar way to hamlets to be or not to
- 00:44:44be where you've got a voice um arguing
- 00:44:47with itself and listening to the AR the
- 00:44:51to the counterarguments and and and
- 00:44:53arguing with the counterarguments and
- 00:44:55speaking against the C and and so
- 00:45:00[Music]
- 00:45:10on there's the continual wonder that he
- 00:45:13brings it about in the way that he does
- 00:45:15which seems to be an absolute Miracle a
- 00:45:18piece of such Splendor and and and and
- 00:45:22wonderfulness that it on its own would
- 00:45:24convince me that there would that there
- 00:45:26was a God if I felt inclined to take
- 00:45:28that um conclusion from
- 00:45:30[Music]
- 00:45:54it
- 00:45:57[Music]
- 00:46:19aged 38 B was now at the very peak of
- 00:46:22his
- 00:46:24powers but his lifetime's goal his envc
- 00:46:28of writing a well-regulated church music
- 00:46:31to the glory of God had been on hold for
- 00:46:34the past 6
- 00:46:38years the opportunities for writing
- 00:46:40church music to a high standard only
- 00:46:42came to Bak very very rarely in his life
- 00:46:45it didn't come in anat it didn't come in
- 00:46:48mhen it came for a while in viar not at
- 00:46:52all in curtain because in curtain he was
- 00:46:55working in a calvinistic court and then
- 00:46:57he had this big
- 00:46:59break suddenly he saw an opportunity to
- 00:47:02put his life's ambition into effect in
- 00:47:061723 there was a vacancy in leish one of
- 00:47:09the most important cultural centers in
- 00:47:11Germany and a thriving Cosmopolitan
- 00:47:14City Cano of the tomasula one of the
- 00:47:17oldest and most prestigious quoir
- 00:47:19schools in Europe founded in
- 00:47:221212 this was a full-on boys choire the
- 00:47:26younger ones singing treble and Alto the
- 00:47:28older ones tenor and bass and playing
- 00:47:32instruments it was a great
- 00:47:34opportunity but there were problems in
- 00:47:37plenty awaiting
- 00:47:38him besides music B's duties would also
- 00:47:42include teaching the boys other school
- 00:47:44subjects but he drew the line at
- 00:47:45teaching them
- 00:47:47Latin what's more only a thin party wall
- 00:47:50would separate the boys's dormitories
- 00:47:52and classrooms from Bach's own private
- 00:47:54living quarters
- 00:47:56bu's determination to see his church
- 00:47:58music project through eventually
- 00:48:01overcame his reservations in April 1723
- 00:48:04he showed up at the Ley City Hall to be
- 00:48:06interviewed and offered the job so
- 00:48:09despite all his misgivings b decided to
- 00:48:11throw in his lot and to accept the title
- 00:48:15of Thomas Cur and director of the city
- 00:48:18music here in
- 00:48:20leig so he signed his contract and he SW
- 00:48:25feel on the Holy
- 00:48:29Bible one of the counselors is on record
- 00:48:31as saying since the best man couldn't be
- 00:48:34obtained mediocre ones would have to be
- 00:48:36accepted the truth is that neither party
- 00:48:39to this contract could have guessed what
- 00:48:40they were letting themselves in for in
- 00:48:42B's own words hindrance and
- 00:48:45vexation from the moment he set foot in
- 00:48:47leish B found himself caught in the
- 00:48:50political Crossfire between different
- 00:48:52factions on the city
- 00:48:53council music since it it carried with
- 00:48:56it an element of cultural Prestige
- 00:48:58formed a part of those political
- 00:49:00tensions on the one hand on the city
- 00:49:02council were those loyal to the elector
- 00:49:05who wanted a modern Capel Meister one
- 00:49:07who could bring real International
- 00:49:09Prestige to the city and they were B's
- 00:49:11natural allies but opposed to them were
- 00:49:14the Estates party who wanted a
- 00:49:16traditional Cantor tied into the school
- 00:49:19system with all its regulations and with
- 00:49:21all its teaching duties and that
- 00:49:24throttled Bar's room for
- 00:49:27maneuver before these problems boiled to
- 00:49:29the surface B set to work it used to be
- 00:49:32thought that his canatas well over 200
- 00:49:34of them and the two great passions were
- 00:49:37composed over the whole 27 years he
- 00:49:38spent in
- 00:49:40liip but in the 1950s an astonishing
- 00:49:43Discovery was made by a careful
- 00:49:46examination of the watermarks on the
- 00:49:47original scores and parts Scholars
- 00:49:50discovered that the greater part of the
- 00:49:51canatas and passions were actually
- 00:49:53produced in a white hot Frenzy of just 3
- 00:49:57years now how he kept up that Rhythm how
- 00:50:00he managed to sustain that level of
- 00:50:03intensity and creativity is just beyond
- 00:50:06belief particularly when you consider
- 00:50:09B's living
- 00:50:10conditions this is a model of the Thomas
- 00:50:12School the original building was torn
- 00:50:15down in
- 00:50:1519002 here B and his family lived right
- 00:50:19next to the school boys there wasn't
- 00:50:21enough room for all the kids and they
- 00:50:22slept two to a bed and I mean there must
- 00:50:25have been a heck of a lot of background
- 00:50:27noise and and he had to concentrate to
- 00:50:30produce these phenomenal pieces and then
- 00:50:33to supervise their copying out in his
- 00:50:36own room I think so but you wonder how
- 00:50:40he could ever have had any sort of
- 00:50:41private life in this sort of outfit I
- 00:50:44mean the conditions being so cramped and
- 00:50:46the noise and the descriptions of of
- 00:50:49mice and rats running up and down the
- 00:50:51staircases as well yeah they probably
- 00:50:53had a a different concept of private
- 00:50:56life back then
- 00:50:59time Bach didn't just have to write 25
- 00:51:02minutes of new music each week he also
- 00:51:04had to get it copied into individual
- 00:51:06parts for the musicians to sing and play
- 00:51:07from his already cramped lodgings now
- 00:51:10had to accommodate not just his large
- 00:51:12family but also cousins and living
- 00:51:14apprentices to help with a never-ending
- 00:51:17copying
- 00:51:18out in the pressure cooker atmosphere of
- 00:51:22the tomasula and this devastating Pace
- 00:51:26that b had set himself things started to
- 00:51:28go wrong if you look at this you'll see
- 00:51:30there's a frenzy in the writing it's
- 00:51:33almost as though he has hardly has time
- 00:51:35to actually put the beams of the
- 00:51:37semiquavers and Demi semiquavers into
- 00:51:39the page they look like bamboo in a in a
- 00:51:43hurricane and here's something
- 00:51:45interesting because this is kuna one of
- 00:51:47his favorite copyists and Bak leaning
- 00:51:50over to see what kuna's copied notices
- 00:51:52that his name has been misspelled b a c
- 00:51:57c he gives them a hell of a cuff across
- 00:52:00the
- 00:52:01eold and the ink flies across the
- 00:52:04page and here's another example a cousin
- 00:52:07Johan Heinrich came to liip and B put
- 00:52:11him to work immediately in the sweat
- 00:52:13shop of copying he's made a complete
- 00:52:16hash of it he's written out the Corral
- 00:52:18in the wrong cleff and mistos it so he
- 00:52:22has to cross it all out and B himself
- 00:52:25has to LEAP in and write out the Corral
- 00:52:27neatly at the end I mean what a
- 00:52:30plonker here you can see B painstakingly
- 00:52:33trying to repair the damage against the
- 00:52:35clock to make sure that there weren't
- 00:52:37terrible errors on the music stands when
- 00:52:39when it came to the one and only
- 00:52:40rehearsal before the canata was
- 00:52:43[Music]
- 00:52:51performed be it B had constantly to
- 00:52:54adjust his Museum to the talents and
- 00:52:56skills of his available musicians but
- 00:52:59also he had to lure in University
- 00:53:01students in exchange for private music
- 00:53:03lessons there's something about B's
- 00:53:06orthography his his handwriting which
- 00:53:09suggests already the gesture the
- 00:53:11direction of a phrase in some cases B
- 00:53:15was forced to pay for extra musicians
- 00:53:16from his supplementary earnings made
- 00:53:18from playing at weddings and
- 00:53:24funerals
- 00:53:30at the end of each frantic week Bak
- 00:53:32unveiled his latest
- 00:53:34canata what the leish congregation made
- 00:53:37of these towering works frustratingly we
- 00:53:40simply don't
- 00:53:41know all we do know is that plenty of
- 00:53:43people would have heard them leipsig was
- 00:53:46known as the city of churches it's been
- 00:53:49estimated that on a normal Sunday of a
- 00:53:52population of 30,000 n ,000 parishioners
- 00:53:57and members of society were crammed into
- 00:53:59these two churches the Thomas Kia the
- 00:54:02Nikolai Kia and bulging from the seams
- 00:54:05of the other churches in the
- 00:54:07town thus every week B had an audience
- 00:54:1110 or a dozen times bigger than in any
- 00:54:12Opera House unfortunately people at the
- 00:54:15main churches tended to behave as if
- 00:54:17they were in an opera house much to the
- 00:54:19fury of the
- 00:54:21clergy the preachers very often think
- 00:54:23they don't listen carefully to the
- 00:54:25sermons uh that's for sure you get all
- 00:54:27kinds of complaints about people
- 00:54:28flirting in church people sleeping in
- 00:54:30church people um throwing paper
- 00:54:33airplanes in church and taking snuff in
- 00:54:35church and dogs coming Church ABS
- 00:54:38absolutely some Churches employ special
- 00:54:40dog whippers to to trying to get get the
- 00:54:42dogs out but um and I mean earlier on
- 00:54:44you've had complaints about people
- 00:54:45taking pigs through church because it's
- 00:54:47the quickest way from where the pig was
- 00:54:49to Market and so on so I think our sense
- 00:54:51of proper behavior in a church is is
- 00:54:54different
- 00:54:55so there must have been a huge amount of
- 00:54:57noise and one of the problems that's one
- 00:55:00of the few things we really do know is
- 00:55:02that people drifted in and out before
- 00:55:05the sermon after the sermon during the
- 00:55:07music it must have been chaos everything
- 00:55:10was very very stratified here socially
- 00:55:13so the ladies were seated down here
- 00:55:15below and the men were in the two
- 00:55:18galleries both sides and the H pooy were
- 00:55:22at the back with a riff raff
- 00:55:26and the music of course came from the
- 00:55:28back of the church up in the organ
- 00:55:30gallery and it was raining down on the
- 00:55:32congregation but exactly at the moment
- 00:55:35when the ladies made their grand
- 00:55:37entrance and given the fact this is
- 00:55:40Germany there was huge amount of social
- 00:55:43greetings
- 00:55:44V that sort of thing while the ladies
- 00:55:47took their seats and then gazed up
- 00:55:50adoringly at the preacher about to give
- 00:55:52his
- 00:55:53sermon and The Hub up during B's music
- 00:55:56must have been excruciating poor
- 00:55:59man this then is the congregation who
- 00:56:02first heard the Masterpiece B presented
- 00:56:04at the Nikolai ker on Good Friday
- 00:56:071724 it was his first Passion oratorio
- 00:56:10the central Jewel of his necklace of
- 00:56:12canatas a musical retelling of the story
- 00:56:14of Jesus arrest trial and
- 00:56:17crucifixion there had been passions
- 00:56:19before but nothing so radical so complex
- 00:56:22or as ambitious as Bark's John Passion
- 00:56:25he ingeniously Blends orchestral and
- 00:56:27coral writing into a thrilling amalgam
- 00:56:30of Storytelling meditation and drama can
- 00:56:33I just have the Chell and base please
- 00:56:36now via start bar
- 00:56:42one that's okay now can we just add the
- 00:56:44violins please
- 00:56:47[Music]
- 00:56:51and good that's it right thank thank you
- 00:56:55and just flutes no both please and
- 00:56:59[Music]
- 00:57:09one it's like nails being driven into
- 00:57:12bare
- 00:57:16flesh that's it that's it that's it in
- 00:57:18this opening chorus he does something
- 00:57:20which none of the other people have done
- 00:57:22which is to set up a um a huge Dynamic
- 00:57:27tension between this turbulence in the
- 00:57:29orchestra going on and this tremendous
- 00:57:32acclamation of of Christ in
- 00:57:37[Music]
- 00:57:42[Music]
- 00:57:48[Applause]
- 00:57:53Majesty
- 00:57:59[Music]
- 00:58:23la
- 00:58:25[Music]
- 00:58:53the
- 00:58:56[Music]
- 00:59:07[Applause]
- 00:59:10[Music]
- 00:59:20Bach was not trying to write an opera
- 00:59:22Bach's purpose was to draw The Listener
- 00:59:24in to recreate in front of their ears
- 00:59:27and eyes the drama of Christ's
- 00:59:31crucifixion and his St John Passion is
- 00:59:34an extraordinary amalgam of Theology and
- 00:59:37music religion and politics drama and
- 00:59:41wonderful presentation of Storytelling
- 00:59:44so we sense the tension that's already
- 00:59:47in St John's gospel that between light
- 00:59:50and darkness between sin and good work
- 00:59:55and faith and
- 00:59:57[Music]
- 01:00:01[Applause]
- 01:00:02[Music]
- 01:00:05[Applause]
- 01:00:15doubt John is particularly remarkable
- 01:00:18because you could say that in his
- 01:00:20account of the passion everybody else
- 01:00:23suffers and is perplexed and agonized
- 01:00:26and Jesus is utterly stable I mean he's
- 01:00:30not suffering he's not under things he's
- 01:00:32sort of stands over and above them zenik
- 01:00:36he's extremely
- 01:00:38[Music]
- 01:00:50[Music]
- 01:00:53enigmatic
- 01:00:59[Music]
- 01:01:07[Music]
- 01:01:13dear I mean in the middle you have
- 01:01:15Christ's sacrifice in which he takes
- 01:01:19upon himself human sin and gives people
- 01:01:22back Grace that's in the middle
- 01:01:25uh and
- 01:01:26then on one side of that there are the
- 01:01:28individuals in the text particularly
- 01:01:31pilot then on either side of that there
- 01:01:35is is community there's the Mad
- 01:01:38Community M of the course the mob
- 01:01:41hysterical paranoid utterly deranged
- 01:01:44really on the other side is the present
- 01:01:47Community which is in order and sings
- 01:01:51These sculptural monumental corals so
- 01:01:56there you have as you say ticks all the
- 01:01:57boxes he includes the whole thing the
- 01:02:00whole human thing individual social and
- 01:02:03it's it's it's it's a reflection of of
- 01:02:06Lutheran ordered Society it
- 01:02:09[Music]
- 01:02:23is
- 01:02:26[Music]
- 01:02:53to
- 01:02:56today the St John Passion is accepted as
- 01:02:58a masterpiece but at its first
- 01:03:00performance it didn't please the leip
- 01:03:02clergy ever suspicious and alert to the
- 01:03:05danger of Music stealing their
- 01:03:07Thunder B was forced to revise it
- 01:03:10radically over the next year and only
- 01:03:12towards the end of his life was it once
- 01:03:14again performed in a version close to
- 01:03:17its
- 01:03:18[Music]
- 01:03:23original
- 01:03:25[Music]
- 01:03:38without so much as a break Bak began
- 01:03:40another round of canatas this time the
- 01:03:42cycle was based on iconic corals and B
- 01:03:45had to write a new work each week the
- 01:03:48cycle is breathtaking in the variety of
- 01:03:50its moods intensely serious at one
- 01:03:52moment cheeky at the next
- 01:03:55[Music]
- 01:04:05[Laughter]
- 01:04:23here
- 01:04:26[Music]
- 01:04:53me
- 01:04:56measure him against any of his
- 01:04:58contemporaries and there's one thing
- 01:05:00that makes B stick out from all arrest
- 01:05:03he didn't write an opera not a single
- 01:05:06Opera and yet at the time Opera was
- 01:05:10really the gold currency it was the
- 01:05:12thing that established careers it
- 01:05:15brought with it Fame it brought with it
- 01:05:18success it brought with it a lot of
- 01:05:20money and B would have none of that in
- 01:05:23fact he talk rather disparagingly of
- 01:05:26those little ditties that you could hear
- 01:05:28at the Dresden
- 01:05:30Opera and yet his music is intrinsically
- 01:05:34as dramatic if not more dramatic than
- 01:05:37that of any of the Opera composers of
- 01:05:38the day Vivaldi scalati tan none could
- 01:05:43match B in this respect only handle came
- 01:05:46close everything B had learned up to now
- 01:05:49dramatic scene setting to underpin the
- 01:05:51gospel narration and subtle Musical
- 01:05:54power to convey Contrition and remorse
- 01:05:56was poured into his St Matthew passion
- 01:05:58first performed at the toas here liip on
- 01:06:01Good Friday
- 01:06:05[Music]
- 01:06:231727
- 01:06:27the St Matthew passion is even more
- 01:06:29atmospheric than the St John lasting
- 01:06:32around 2 and 1/2 hours it's even more
- 01:06:35Monumental in scale with a double choir
- 01:06:37and a double
- 01:06:39[Music]
- 01:06:50Orchestra he speaks with the voice of
- 01:06:53someone who's belief is absolutely
- 01:06:55rocksolid goes right to the roots of his
- 01:06:58being he believes this every word of
- 01:07:00this it is true that it's it is
- 01:07:02completely true and um there's a
- 01:07:06solidity a firmness to what comes
- 01:07:09through in the passions that I've seen
- 01:07:12very rarely anywhere
- 01:07:15[Music]
- 01:07:22else
- 01:07:26[Laughter]
- 01:07:26[Music]
- 01:07:37[Music]
- 01:07:47you wonder well where is there room for
- 01:07:49B's own voice it's difficult to answer
- 01:07:52but I feel that there are moments that
- 01:07:54chinks in the in the drama where you
- 01:07:57feel that Bak himself is very much
- 01:07:59present and very much making the
- 01:08:03[Music]
- 01:08:08decisions you've got to uh crutch it to
- 01:08:11turn around completely 180 degrees from
- 01:08:14being a absolutely foulmouthed mob into
- 01:08:17being contrite and responsible and
- 01:08:20tender and and bewildered who's hit you
- 01:08:22we don't understand
- 01:08:24[Music]
- 01:08:39go the choir have to switch into being
- 01:08:44the community the
- 01:08:47Believers and it's in that moment that I
- 01:08:50feel Bak is saying this suffering is
- 01:08:52unbearable we have to stop it we have to
- 01:08:56show our sense of moral
- 01:08:59[Music]
- 01:09:12outrage the emotional center of the
- 01:09:15Matthew passion
- 01:09:16isad Peter's plea for forgiveness having
- 01:09:20denied his Christ in comes the violin
- 01:09:23announc in abades and the violin with no
- 01:09:27words at all can convey in a way that
- 01:09:31the human voice could not convey this
- 01:09:34concentration of lamentation of grief of
- 01:09:39Contrition of utter abject Horror in a
- 01:09:43way and yet taking on to a spiritual
- 01:09:45level because the The Voice line of the
- 01:09:48violin becomes an agency
- 01:09:51of of compassion and forgiveness foress
- 01:09:54and that's before the singer sung a
- 01:09:57[Music]
- 01:10:22note
- 01:10:25[Music]
- 01:10:51all Mighty
- 01:10:58all
- 01:11:00the got
- 01:11:04[Music]
- 01:11:22oh
- 01:11:26[Music]
- 01:11:37[Music]
- 01:11:52it s
- 01:11:55[Music]
- 01:12:07[Applause]
- 01:12:09[Music]
- 01:12:133 years after St Matthew passion B's
- 01:12:16relationship with his Masters began to
- 01:12:17fall apart in 1730 he wrote what he
- 01:12:21called an Anor a memorandum to the leish
- 01:12:24council complaining bitterly that he
- 01:12:26could no longer operate he hadn't
- 01:12:28sufficient musicians and too few of
- 01:12:30quality to perform his work several
- 01:12:33months later Bak took up his pen
- 01:12:36again and this is the most poignant
- 01:12:39document of all for me it's the only
- 01:12:42truly personal letter we have of B in
- 01:12:45which he's writing to his old pal geog
- 01:12:49Erman he was the guy that b walked from
- 01:12:53drove to lunor with when they were both
- 01:12:56in their teens early teens and B is just
- 01:12:59pouring out all his frustration about
- 01:13:01why the council had not responded to
- 01:13:04this
- 01:13:05Anor this statement of his intentions
- 01:13:09and B tells Erman my life is full of
- 01:13:13hindrance and vexation and I see no
- 01:13:16future for myself and my family here one
- 01:13:19of the features that you might expect to
- 01:13:22see in this inflex ible Persona if you
- 01:13:25like is that he would never be guilty no
- 01:13:28matter what happened it's always
- 01:13:29somebody else's fault does that ring yes
- 01:13:32it does um because he's never to blame
- 01:13:36he always has a reason and he his motto
- 01:13:40what I don't know what this is motto but
- 01:13:41that something it's like a mantra that
- 01:13:42comes up and up and again is that my
- 01:13:44life is lived always with vexation and
- 01:13:48hindrance I have brought you something
- 01:13:50here which is a textbook definition and
- 01:13:54this is paranoid personality disorder
- 01:13:56and these are the characteristics
- 01:13:59pervasive suspicion of others
- 01:14:01distrusting their motives others seen as
- 01:14:03deliberately demeaning or threatening
- 01:14:07constantly expect to be harmed or
- 01:14:09exploited very sensitive to perceived
- 01:14:11slights fear and avoidance of anything
- 01:14:14that could make them feel or seem weak
- 01:14:17that's a perfect
- 01:14:20description the one thing that we do
- 01:14:22know is that there is an association
- 01:14:25with bullying and abuse in
- 01:14:29childhood thanks to the boneheaded of
- 01:14:32the city fathers and the obvious flaws
- 01:14:34in Bar's own character his output of
- 01:14:36religious music now began to dwindle
- 01:14:39Away St Thomas's Church didn't deserve
- 01:14:42those canaras nobody deserved those cans
- 01:14:45but least of all St Thomas's church
- 01:14:47that's the Striking thing about a great
- 01:14:48artist is they deliver absurdly over
- 01:14:53cont contct heartbreakingly over
- 01:14:54contract and and that is the thing that
- 01:14:56I think is most impressive very deeply
- 01:14:59moving about him there he is worrying
- 01:15:01about his children who are popping off
- 01:15:03one after the other worrying about their
- 01:15:05education trying to keep the town
- 01:15:07counselors less irritated and so on and
- 01:15:10so forth and at the same time he just
- 01:15:14delivered this work that 250 260 years
- 01:15:17later is supreme in the
- 01:15:21cannon B gravitated towards the other
- 01:15:24main Center of music making in lipich
- 01:15:26the thriving Coffee House scene here was
- 01:15:29a different audience a more relaxed
- 01:15:31ambience in which to make music with
- 01:15:33better musicians from the University
- 01:15:35eager to learn from the
- 01:15:37[Music]
- 01:15:40master but B didn't completely give up
- 01:15:43on Sacred Music indeed his new secular
- 01:15:46style found its way into religious
- 01:15:47pieces of unbuttoned High
- 01:15:52Spirits
- 01:15:55[Music]
- 01:16:22fore
- 01:16:24[Music]
- 01:16:26throughout his life Bach had much more
- 01:16:28than his fair share of
- 01:16:30heartbreak that direct experience of
- 01:16:32personal grief comes over in his music
- 01:16:34but never in a sacarin or morbid way but
- 01:16:37as consoling soothing
- 01:16:40uplifting in many ways you can imagine
- 01:16:42he's creating a lullabi for himself
- 01:16:45which again becomes a lullabi for all of
- 01:16:46us a profound lby which uh Comforts him
- 01:16:51and through him Comforts us
- 01:16:54this East
- 01:16:56[Music]
- 01:16:59for
- 01:17:01this
- 01:17:03[Music]
- 01:17:05fall
- 01:17:09[Music]
- 01:17:14the
- 01:17:17I
- 01:17:19the
- 01:17:22for
- 01:17:24[Music]
- 01:17:29in
- 01:17:33[Music]
- 01:17:34[Applause]
- 01:17:36[Music]
- 01:17:39God in
- 01:17:41[Music]
- 01:17:48God in
- 01:17:51God care
- 01:17:55[Music]
- 01:18:02for
- 01:18:05and in
- 01:18:10[Music]
- 01:18:18God the thing that's to me is so
- 01:18:21touching and and Powerful in the
- 01:18:23expression of the music is the way that
- 01:18:25b seems to focus all that distress and
- 01:18:29private grief in his own life the loss
- 01:18:32of parents the loss of children the loss
- 01:18:34of a wife um always the the difficulties
- 01:18:37that he was experiencing and yet the
- 01:18:39music that comes out of it is so
- 01:18:41ineffably consoling and and and nowadays
- 01:18:45we we we look at this the the texts and
- 01:18:49with this this constant longing for
- 01:18:52death this anticipation with joy of
- 01:18:55one's final demise it seems bizarre to
- 01:18:58us uh and and yet it's with with the
- 01:19:03with the as you say B's private grief it
- 01:19:05was a common place everybody's private
- 01:19:08grief everybody was losing their
- 01:19:09families their babies their their their
- 01:19:12wives and you know this is surely the
- 01:19:15prime purpose of religion at that that
- 01:19:17time was was to give a consolation in
- 01:19:19the face of this baffling
- 01:19:21reality with with his disagreements with
- 01:19:23the council dragging on and on Bak now
- 01:19:26had a new power struggle this time with
- 01:19:29a Headmaster of the Thomas school who
- 01:19:30was bitterly opposed to all the emphasis
- 01:19:32on music in
- 01:19:35school in B's desire to put an end to
- 01:19:37his woes in Lish we find the origins of
- 01:19:40one late religious Masterpiece the B
- 01:19:43minor
- 01:19:44Mass just try and think how different
- 01:19:46this is from Messiah I mean Messiah
- 01:19:48you've got the Angels wafting in on a
- 01:19:49cloud and they come in and they sing and
- 01:19:51then they disappear all very gently here
- 01:19:53it's a stomp it's much more kind of brle
- 01:19:56than belli it's not whiffy waffy at all
- 01:19:59okay off we go
- 01:20:02[Music]
- 01:20:08yep bah was angling for a new job or at
- 01:20:11the very least an honorary title at the
- 01:20:13court in Dresden which was Catholic so
- 01:20:16despite his unwavering commitment to
- 01:20:18Lutheranism B ever practical saw that
- 01:20:21there was an opportunity for composing a
- 01:20:23Latin Mass on a grand
- 01:20:25[Music]
- 01:20:34[Applause]
- 01:20:36[Music]
- 01:20:49[Music]
- 01:20:51scale
- 01:20:55[Music]
- 01:20:56[Applause]
- 01:20:57[Music]
- 01:21:18GL
- 01:21:21GL
- 01:21:24[Applause]
- 01:21:26B didn't get his hoped for move to Dron
- 01:21:29although he did get the honorary title
- 01:21:31and for the next 15 years we lose all
- 01:21:33trace of the B minor
- 01:21:37mass and then suddenly we have a Misa
- 01:21:41TOA a complete Catholic Mass with the
- 01:21:45Magnificent cradle and the wonderful
- 01:21:47anus day and the touching way it ends
- 01:21:50with ad Donan nois Pim
- 01:21:53this was B's compendium of all the
- 01:21:55Styles since he was a young composer up
- 01:21:59to the most recent music he composed it
- 01:22:02was his version of as perfector of art
- 01:22:06perfected I mean this is B is most
- 01:22:09playful and most Jazzy and most exotic
- 01:22:11and it's ibant and that's what we need
- 01:22:13to feel because there's something really
- 01:22:15folky about this music see if we can get
- 01:22:17that
- 01:22:18through
- 01:22:21come
- 01:22:23[Music]
- 01:22:34[Music]
- 01:22:48[Music]
- 01:22:51GL
- 01:22:56[Music]
- 01:23:20cons
- 01:23:21spe
- 01:23:23[Music]
- 01:23:35[Music]
- 01:23:40[Music]
- 01:23:51oh
- 01:23:52[Music]
- 01:24:00[Music]
- 01:24:07a question that can never be solved is
- 01:24:09what B himself thought of his work but
- 01:24:12we do have one clue that suggests he saw
- 01:24:14himself and his music as inextricably
- 01:24:17linked he loves inscribing his own name
- 01:24:21b a
- 01:24:22the family name into his music in all
- 01:24:24sorts of
- 01:24:25contexts and you can only do that in
- 01:24:28German because H doesn't exist in in
- 01:24:31English you know it's not a note on the
- 01:24:33piano but in German B is B flat isn't it
- 01:24:37a c b natural which is H so that's
- 01:24:42that's the little kind of family motto
- 01:24:45that's in
- 01:24:48there
- 01:24:50b a
- 01:24:54[Music]
- 01:25:00one of B's most famous last works the
- 01:25:03art of Fugue breaks off in midf flow the
- 01:25:06reasons why this happened have long been
- 01:25:08debated I thought what we'd do is
- 01:25:10actually go just from where he inscribes
- 01:25:13his own name uh
- 01:25:15BAC because that's what's so
- 01:25:17extraordinary about this piece is that
- 01:25:18he he finds a way halfway through this
- 01:25:21whole composition to to put his name in
- 01:25:25and then to develop it so we've got two
- 01:25:27fugues going on and then suddenly it
- 01:25:29comes to an abrupt Halt and according to
- 01:25:34car Philip Emanuel he stopped then
- 01:25:37because he died that was
- 01:25:38it it's just
- 01:25:41chilling let's try
- 01:25:44[Music]
- 01:25:51it
- 01:25:53[Music]
- 01:26:31my fantasy is that it's completely
- 01:26:33deliberate deliberate and that actually
- 01:26:35it's that unfinished business that I've
- 01:26:38written my music for the future and
- 01:26:41someone else is going to carry on
- 01:26:43[Music]
- 01:26:51now
- 01:26:53[Music]
- 01:27:10B died age 65 in liip in the Tomas on
- 01:27:15the 28th of July
- 01:27:171750 two successive eye operations
- 01:27:20performed by an English quack doctor
- 01:27:22seemed to have finished him
- 01:27:24off after his death his Works fell out
- 01:27:26of favor though not with
- 01:27:28everyone his music was passed from hand
- 01:27:31to hand and heyen Mozart and Beethoven
- 01:27:34all marveled at it only in 1829 when
- 01:27:38melson performed a devoted but
- 01:27:40stylistically mangled version of the
- 01:27:41Matthew passion did Bach begin to regain
- 01:27:44the Public's
- 01:27:47[Music]
- 01:27:51affection
- 01:27:56[Music]
- 01:28:06B's Legacy is
- 01:28:08assured if Monte was the first composer
- 01:28:10to find musical expression for human
- 01:28:12passion and Beethoven what a terrible
- 01:28:15struggle it is to be human and to Aspire
- 01:28:17to be Godlike Mozart the kind of music
- 01:28:20we'd hope to hear in heaven
- 01:28:23Bak is the one who Bridges the Gap he
- 01:28:26helps us to hear the voice of God but in
- 01:28:28human form iring out the imperfections
- 01:28:32of humanity in the Perfection of his
- 01:28:36[Music]
- 01:28:36[Applause]
- 01:28:43[Music]
- 01:28:43[Applause]
- 01:28:44[Music]
- 01:28:51music
- 01:28:55[Music]
- 01:29:12the
- Bach
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