TCP / IP - An animated discussion

00:06:11
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RbY8Hb6abbg

Ringkasan

TLDRThe video discusses the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), which are crucial for data transmission in networks. IP is compared to a subway system that forwards data packets to their destinations, while TCP ensures reliable delivery of these packets. The video explains routing, where routers determine the next destination for packets, and introduces various routing protocols such as RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and OSPF (Open Shortest Path First). RIP is a distance vector protocol that calculates the best path based on distance, while OSPF is a link state protocol that provides a complete map of the network. The video also touches on the concept of autonomous systems, which are networks under single administrative control that connect to the internet.

Takeaways

  • 🚦 IP forwards data packets like a subway system.
  • 🔒 TCP ensures reliable delivery of packets.
  • 📡 Routing determines the next destination for packets.
  • 🖥️ Routers control packet routing in networks.
  • 📊 RIP is a distance vector protocol for routing.
  • 🗺️ OSPF provides a complete map of the network.
  • 🔄 Autonomous systems are networks under single control.
  • 📈 OSPF floods updates for network changes.
  • ⏳ RIP times out routes without updates in 3 minutes.
  • 🛤️ The backbone area in OSPF connects all network areas.

Garis waktu

  • 00:00:00 - 00:06:11

    The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP) are essential for data transmission between nodes in a network. IP functions like a subway system, forwarding data packets to their final destination, but it does not guarantee delivery. Reliability is ensured by TCP, which works alongside IP. Routing, the process of determining the next destination for packets, is managed by routers, which make decisions for each packet individually. If a route is unavailable, the packet may be returned to the sender with an error message.

Peta Pikiran

Video Tanya Jawab

  • What is the role of IP in data transmission?

    IP forwards data packets between nodes on a network, similar to a subway system.

  • How does TCP ensure reliability?

    TCP guarantees reliable delivery of packets, unlike IP which does not guarantee delivery.

  • What is routing?

    Routing is the process of determining where to send a packet next once it arrives at a node.

  • What are some common routing protocols?

    Common routing protocols include RIP, OSPF, and BGP.

  • What is the difference between RIP and OSPF?

    RIP is a distance vector protocol, while OSPF is a link state protocol that provides a complete map of the network.

  • What is an autonomous system?

    An autonomous system is a network under a single administrative control that connects to the internet.

  • How does RIP determine the best path?

    RIP computes the distance and direction to each destination and forwards packets along the path with the least cost.

  • What happens if a router does not receive updates in RIP?

    If RIP does not receive updates within 3 minutes, it will time out the route and remove it from the routing table.

  • What is the backbone area in OSPF?

    The backbone area in OSPF interconnects all other network areas together.

  • How does OSPF handle changes in the network?

    OSPF floods new routing information as soon as it knows about any changes.

Lihat lebih banyak ringkasan video

Dapatkan akses instan ke ringkasan video YouTube gratis yang didukung oleh AI!
Teks
en
Gulir Otomatis:
  • 00:00:00
    the transmission control protocol or TCP
  • 00:00:04
    and the Internet Protocol or IP are two
  • 00:00:08
    protocols used to move traffic between
  • 00:00:10
    two nodes on a network IP is very much
  • 00:00:13
    like a transcontinental subway
  • 00:00:15
    system IP forwards data packets between
  • 00:00:19
    nodes on the way to the packet's Final
  • 00:00:21
    Destination some packets may not arrive
  • 00:00:24
    because a back ho cut a fiber cable or a
  • 00:00:26
    node along the path crashed IP uses
  • 00:00:30
    effort to deliver packets that is it
  • 00:00:32
    tries to deliver but doesn't guarantee
  • 00:00:35
    delivery if reliability is needed IP
  • 00:00:38
    assumes something else will guarantee
  • 00:00:40
    that reliability such as
  • 00:00:42
    TCP in a packet switched Network the
  • 00:00:45
    decision on where to send the packet
  • 00:00:47
    next once it arrives at a node is called
  • 00:00:49
    routing the computer that controls where
  • 00:00:52
    the packet goes is called a router the
  • 00:00:55
    decision of where to send the packet
  • 00:00:57
    next is made separately for each packet
  • 00:00:59
    entering the router even when a flow of
  • 00:01:01
    packets has already traversed the router
  • 00:01:03
    between a particular source and
  • 00:01:05
    destination imagine for a moment a
  • 00:01:07
    subway system with all of the tracks
  • 00:01:09
    being one line in each Direction before
  • 00:01:12
    you get in the subway car you post a big
  • 00:01:14
    sign on the front of the car that
  • 00:01:16
    specifies your destination such as
  • 00:01:18
    Chicago on the back of the car you place
  • 00:01:21
    a sign that shows where you are starting
  • 00:01:22
    from say Atlanta once you begin your
  • 00:01:25
    journey on the subway at each
  • 00:01:27
    intersection a Subway engineer looks at
  • 00:01:29
    your destination and directs you to go
  • 00:01:31
    down a certain track based on your
  • 00:01:33
    destination which is Chicago if many of
  • 00:01:35
    the tracks between Atlanta and Chicago
  • 00:01:37
    are not functional then you will be
  • 00:01:39
    directed to Chicago via the only route
  • 00:01:42
    that is open at the time via Los Angeles
  • 00:01:45
    if the tracks are completely closed then
  • 00:01:47
    you will be directed to return home with
  • 00:01:49
    the message that all roads are
  • 00:01:51
    unusable at some point you may get to
  • 00:01:53
    Chicago leave the subway car and arrive
  • 00:01:55
    at your
  • 00:01:56
    destination the router performs tests on
  • 00:01:59
    the package to ensure that the packet
  • 00:02:01
    has not been corrupted or damaged and
  • 00:02:03
    has remained intact along its path the
  • 00:02:05
    router then retrieves the destination
  • 00:02:07
    address from the packet and performs a
  • 00:02:09
    routing table lookup when the router is
  • 00:02:12
    doing the lookup it is looking for the
  • 00:02:14
    best match in the routing table for the
  • 00:02:16
    destination the router then hunts
  • 00:02:18
    through all the entries in the table
  • 00:02:19
    looking for the best match a match is
  • 00:02:21
    found and the packet is sent along the
  • 00:02:23
    path to the computed best next hop in
  • 00:02:26
    the event that no match is found then
  • 00:02:28
    the packet is returned to to the sender
  • 00:02:30
    with an error many routing Protocols are
  • 00:02:33
    being used in networks to propagate
  • 00:02:35
    reachability information about all of
  • 00:02:37
    the destinations in the internet three
  • 00:02:39
    types of protocols used on the internet
  • 00:02:42
    include the routing information protocol
  • 00:02:44
    the open shortest path first protocol
  • 00:02:47
    and the Border Gateway protocol the
  • 00:02:49
    routing information protocol or rip is a
  • 00:02:52
    distance Vector protocol in essence this
  • 00:02:56
    protocol computes a distance and
  • 00:02:57
    direction to each destination from where
  • 00:03:00
    it is located in the network this is
  • 00:03:02
    much like a sign post on the road where
  • 00:03:05
    the sign specifies both the direction
  • 00:03:07
    and the distance to the destination if
  • 00:03:10
    there is more than one way to get to a
  • 00:03:11
    site the router will forward the packet
  • 00:03:14
    along the path with the least cost or
  • 00:03:16
    the path with the least Associated
  • 00:03:18
    distance in this case
  • 00:03:20
    two however when the router is faced
  • 00:03:22
    with two equal cost routes to a
  • 00:03:24
    destination depending on the Node the
  • 00:03:26
    router would use both or pick one of the
  • 00:03:28
    routes rip works by sending an
  • 00:03:31
    advertisement every 30 seconds
  • 00:03:33
    containing information about all known
  • 00:03:35
    remote networks if rip hasn't heard an
  • 00:03:37
    update about a network within 3 minutes
  • 00:03:40
    it will time out the route and remove it
  • 00:03:41
    from the routing table rip also thinks
  • 00:03:44
    in hops or a jump across a node on a
  • 00:03:47
    journey to a destination if you see an
  • 00:03:49
    advertisement for a route that is six
  • 00:03:51
    hops away then you can expect for the
  • 00:03:53
    packet to Traverse six nodes before
  • 00:03:55
    reaching the destination rip only has a
  • 00:03:58
    hop count of 15 16 is considered
  • 00:04:01
    Infinity that is there's no way to reach
  • 00:04:04
    that destination in today's internet
  • 00:04:07
    considering 16 hops to be unreachable is
  • 00:04:09
    pretty unrealistic considering that it
  • 00:04:12
    may take a packet 30 or more hops in its
  • 00:04:14
    Journey Europe to Australia that is why
  • 00:04:17
    rip is only used within small
  • 00:04:19
    networks in contrast to rip the open
  • 00:04:22
    shortest path first protocol or ospf is
  • 00:04:27
    a link State protocol which lets the
  • 00:04:29
    router look at a complete map of the
  • 00:04:31
    journey before the packet leaves the
  • 00:04:32
    terminal and then pick the best way to
  • 00:04:34
    reach its destination rather than
  • 00:04:36
    following the sign post as in rip at
  • 00:04:39
    each hop along the way each router will
  • 00:04:42
    give the packet an updated map and it
  • 00:04:44
    will look at the map again and make sure
  • 00:04:46
    that it is still following the best path
  • 00:04:48
    when open shortest path first protocol
  • 00:04:51
    is first turned on within a router it
  • 00:04:53
    will listen for other routers running
  • 00:04:55
    ospf the other routers running OSF will
  • 00:04:59
    advertise the fact that they are still
  • 00:05:00
    around by broadcasting a Hello message
  • 00:05:03
    every few seconds if after 10 seconds
  • 00:05:06
    there's no response the router will
  • 00:05:08
    assume the silent router has died in
  • 00:05:10
    which case it removes all routes that
  • 00:05:12
    have the defaulted router as their next
  • 00:05:14
    hop ospf will only send information
  • 00:05:17
    about networks whenever a router reboots
  • 00:05:20
    or once every 30 minutes whichever is
  • 00:05:22
    sooner ospf will flood new routing
  • 00:05:25
    information as soon as it knows about
  • 00:05:27
    any changes for example if a router has
  • 00:05:29
    has been added or rebooted a group of
  • 00:05:32
    routers running OPF will form a
  • 00:05:34
    community within the community each of
  • 00:05:37
    the routers knows about the others and
  • 00:05:38
    where they are in the network each of
  • 00:05:40
    these communities is called an ospf area
  • 00:05:44
    one special area in particular is called
  • 00:05:46
    the backbone area this area
  • 00:05:49
    interconnects all other network areas
  • 00:05:51
    together different companies or people
  • 00:05:54
    control each of the smaller networks
  • 00:05:55
    which form the global internet for
  • 00:05:58
    convenience we refer to each of the
  • 00:06:00
    smaller networks that fall under
  • 00:06:01
    separate administrative control as an
  • 00:06:03
    autonomous system or as for short thus
  • 00:06:07
    each of the networks that connects to
  • 00:06:08
    the internet is a separate autonomous
  • 00:06:10
    system
Tags
  • TCP
  • IP
  • Routing
  • RIP
  • OSPF
  • Data Transmission
  • Network Protocols
  • Autonomous Systems
  • Packet Switching
  • Routing Table