FEU Public Intellectual Lecture Series | Dr. Giovanni Tapang | Part 1

00:23:59
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HkgsH2eE2I

Ringkasan

TLDRLe discours traite du rôle limité mais crucial de la science et de la technologie aux Philippines, où le manque de croissance industrielle et l'absence de bases manufacturières freinent le développement économique du pays. L'éducation en sciences et mathématiques est insuffisante, avec seulement 60 à 65 % des écoles secondaires disposant d'équipements scientifiques adéquats. Cela entraîne une incapacité à former des scientifiques et ingénieurs compétents. En l'absence de ces experts, le pays est contraint d'importer la plupart des biens manufacturés, tout en exportant ses travailleurs qualifiés. Cette dépendance aux importations et l'absence d'industrialisation généralisée signifient que de nombreux Philippins doivent chercher des opportunités d'emploi à l'étranger, exacerbant le manque d'emploi local et freinant l'économie nationale.

Takeaways

  • 🧪 La science et la technologie sont cruciales, mais peu développées aux Philippines.
  • 📉 La production industrielle est stagnante depuis les années 1950.
  • 🛠️ Le pays manque d'industries locales, augmentant la dépendance aux importations.
  • 📚 L'éducation en sciences et mathématiques est insuffisante.
  • 🌍 Beaucoup de Philippins qualifiés préfèrent travailler à l'étranger.
  • 📈 L'économie actuelle dépend principalement des services.
  • 🗺️ Les opportunités d'emploi local sont limitées.
  • 🏭 La nécessité de moderniser l'agriculture reste urgente.
  • 🔬 L'industrie manque de chercheurs et d'experts scientifiques.
  • 💡 Il y a un potentiel pour les centres d'appels et les services.

Garis waktu

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    La discussion commence par le rôle actuel de la science et de la technologie aux Philippines, soulignant le potentiel non encore atteint du pays. Il est mentionné que le pays est mal classé en sciences et en mathématiques parmi les pays de l'ASEAN, et que l'éducation scientifique est insuffisante, avec seulement 60% des lycées équipés de matériel scientifique. L'industrie manque de capacités productives et le secteur agricole est en déclin, ce qui affecte la capacité du pays à créer des emplois.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    Il est souligné que les services, et non la production industrielle, dominent l'économie philippine. L'agriculture engage 70% de la population mais ne représente plus qu'une petite partie du PIB. Le manque de production locale signifie que presque tout est importé, limitant ainsi les emplois disponibles dans le secteur manufacturier. Les exportations électroniques dépendent fortement des importations, ajoutant peu de valeur locale. Le marché du travail est saturé et bon nombre de professionnels qualifiés quittent le pays, réduisant davantage l'innovation locale.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    Les services, bien qu'importants, ne contribuent pas matériellement à l'économie, exacerbant le problème de la production locale. 10% à 11% de la main-d'œuvre philippine travaille à l'étranger. La carence en industries de transformation empêche le développement dans les domaines scientifiques et technologiques. Bien que le gouvernement tente de revitaliser le secteur manufacturier, il existe toujours un manque de production intermédiaire. Cela limite les opportunités pour développer et retenir les talents scientifiques dans le pays.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:23:59

    Seuls 10,000 scientifiques et ingénieurs sont impliqués dans la recherche active aux Philippines, un nombre extrêmement faible par rapport à la population. Le manque de financement et d'opportunités pousse nombre d'entre eux à chercher des emplois à l'étranger. Le pays manque de programmes pour moderniser et industrialiser les zones rurales, et les décisions politiques n'intègrent pas suffisamment la recherche et le développement. Les industries locales n'investissent pas en R&D, ce qui freine le progrès technologique et économique.

Tampilkan lebih banyak

Peta Pikiran

Mind Map

Pertanyaan yang Sering Diajukan

  • Quel est le rôle actuel de la science et de la technologie aux Philippines ?

    Leur rôle est limité par un manque d'opportunités de croissance et un soutien insuffisant, ce qui freine le potentiel technologique du pays.

  • Comment la capacité industrielle des Philippines a-t-elle évolué depuis les années 1950 ?

    La capacité de production est restée relativement stable, représentant environ un quart de l'économie, indiquant peu de développement industriel.

  • Pourquoi les Philippines dépendent-elles de l'importation pour de nombreux produits ?

    Le pays manque d'industries locales de fabrication, forçant l'importation de nombreux biens essentiels.

  • Quelle est la situation de l'éducation scientifique et mathématique aux Philippines ?

    Le système éducatif est insuffisant, avec un manque d'équipement scientifique dans les écoles et une faible préparation des élèves dans les sciences et les mathématiques.

  • Pourquoi tant de professionnels philippins travaillent-ils à l'étranger ?

    En raison du manque d'emplois qualifiés et d'opportunités de carrière locale, de nombreux professionnels qualifiés cherchent du travail à l'étranger.

  • Quel est l'impact de la faible production locale sur l'économie philippine ?

    Cela mène à une dépendance accrue sur les importations et une faible création d'emplois locaux, limitant le développement économique.

  • Quelles industries semblent prometteuses pour les Philippines selon le discours ?

    Il manque des industries de valeur ajoutée, mais des secteurs comme les centres d'appels et les services se développent.

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Teks
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Gulir Otomatis:
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    [Music]
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    and then let's discuss
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    what is the role the current role of
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    science and technology in the country
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    right now
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    and then let's ask ourselves what do we
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    need to do
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    it's easier to understand rather than
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    saying it's stunted and underneath it it
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    stunted
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    and so because it did not have the
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    opportunity to grow it did not grow as
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    [Music]
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    means that we can still do a lot this is
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    not yet
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    the peak of philippine um
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    capabilities we can do a lot with what
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    we have we can do a lot
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    by improving what we have and therefore
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    there's a lot of things that we can do
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    with scientific values
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    the problem is we're not there yet we're
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    very far
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    from that position in fact we asked
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    uh the surveys uh among
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    asean countries and our neighbors we're
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    actually going to be very high
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    numerically number 45 out of 46
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    for science 43 out of 45
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    in math and therefore if you look at it
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    numerically high but you're
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    really at the end of the line they're
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    not really prepared to do science and
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    technology
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    and if they after k-12
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    most of them would not get into the stem
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    trap most of them will not be scientists
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    or engineers
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    so this is obviously an education this
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    is obviously
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    as i've said earlier your filipino 13
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    year old is
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    ill-prepared in science and math um
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    only 60 65 of our
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    high schools would have science
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    equipment
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    and therefore 35 percent will just draw
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    their experiments in the board
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    and tell the students this is what will
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    happen
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    if we had experiment and that's not the
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    way to do science
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    to do science effectively you have to
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    have hands-on
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    experience in other words you cannot
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    imagine
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    electricity unless you see a light uh
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    light bulb light you cannot imagine the
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    cell phone until you actually fold the
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    cell phone
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    and use it you cannot just describe that
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    and this is that is what really happens
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    not only in the basic science but even
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    in the life science
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    in many areas not only in the high
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    school
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    but also in the tertiary
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    now in industrial growth it's much
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    more edited the evidence that i will
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    point to is
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    the lack of jobs
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    the lack of industries is one big
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    reflection of the lack of industrial
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    capacity
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    in the country we don't have basic
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    industries
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    we don't have any ways to make things
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    that we would be using
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    now and of course without industries you
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    don't have
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    jobs and without jobs you don't have a
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    future
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    now this is one of my favorite slides
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    it's a graph
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    it's a graph of the gdp the gross
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    domestic production of the
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    country in terms of production services
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    and public utilities 100
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    that's the whole economy and that's from
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    1946 to 2008
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    there's a second part of the slide the
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    data is actually at the
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    trending track now the first thing that
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    you would notice is that
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    since after the war okay 1946
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    agriculture has been steadily going down
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    that's green
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    now agriculture is very important in the
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    country uh because
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    it's it's the way that we will feed our
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    nation
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    now the fact is 70 of our people is
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    engaged in agriculture
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    7 out of ten is engaged in agriculture
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    and if you look at it in 1946 41
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    of our economy is agriculture right now
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    41
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    uh that 41 has gone down
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    to less than 10 and the problem
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    there is of course is that it's not that
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    we cannot just
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    feed ourselves that's the one of the
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    most evident problem
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    for students like you the problem would
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    be
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    that the 70 percent that is engaged in
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    agriculture is now
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    just sharing a very very small part
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    that's not even the problem
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    the bigger problem the bigger problem is
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    in
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    production in the manufacturing part the
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    manufacturing part
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    that's the gray dashed line so
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    manufacturing first agriculture is equal
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    to the blue line
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    which is production so the manufacturing
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    part
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    that the dashed gray line is actually
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    the ones that make
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    the things that we use your computer
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    your chair
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    your clothes your food etc the things
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    that you use
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    and if you will see after the war we
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    don't really have production that's
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    obvious because
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    all industrial production has been
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    destroyed during the war
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    but it has steadily increased but just
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    plateaued
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    or stayed there at around 23
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    on the average since 1950s
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    so a productive capacity of the
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    philippines has stayed relatively flat
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    since the 1950s in terms of percentage
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    we were just producing
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    whatever we can we have produced in the
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    1950s as a percentage of our economy
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    you know in terms of number but in terms
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    of part of our economy
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    we haven't really been producing that
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    much we're just producing
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    roughly one fourth of our economy is in
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    production
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    indeed
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    thank you
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    the problem of the lack of things that
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    you would be needing
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    in everyday life will be the problem so
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    you'll go to a mall all the things that
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    are important
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    not because by choice of course there
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    are very
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    posh malls there but because there's
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    nothing being produced here
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    everything will be important you go to
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    asari sari store
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    not necessarily your trendiest place to
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    buy things
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    but you will not find anything that is
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    produced here
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    except for a very few items so even
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    our condiments even are i mean this is
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    the usual joke
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    even our toothpick is made outside
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    that's true
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    not just the toothpick most of the
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    things that you would use
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    now if there is ever any production here
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    is
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    mostly very small okay
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    not a very large scale production or
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    if it's being produced here then it has
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    a very large import component
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    what do you think is the biggest export
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    of the country
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    it's something that you cannot eat it's
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    something that you actually use every
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    day it's
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    hardest it's electronics you
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    you would wonder electronics so that
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    means if i go
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    in recto okay
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    then i can buy electronics at a very
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    very
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    um reduced price because it's your top
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    export and therefore there must be we
  • 00:08:18
    must be awash with electronics but we're
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    not
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    okay that largest export has a very
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    large
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    import component in other words to
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    produce the electronics that we export
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    we import everything else what do we do
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    what do we add
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    all the things that we add is just label
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    now the problem of course is
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    the labor costs here in the philippines
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    are very low above
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    et cetera and therefore you don't really
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    do
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    any science and technology anymore you
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    just assemble things you export them
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    that's it and that has gone
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    even after the government has tried to
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    recalculate changing baselines
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    the trend of going production going down
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    manufacturing going flat agriculture
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    falling
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    is actually the same
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    so where what has taken up our economy
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    i mean
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    that means something is actually
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    giving jobs however small to our
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    economy no that's the services services
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    like call centers back-end offices
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    the service crews that you actually
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    encounter in fast food
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    the rentals that you have etc these are
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    services
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    now what is the very distinct
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    nature services the problem with
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    services is that you don't really get
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    to hold anything from services you call
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    a call center
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    you don't bring home anything you get a
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    service
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    your red house okay the rental itself is
  • 00:10:06
    a service
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    okay so the services services do not
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    really produce
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    material objects the problem of course
  • 00:10:14
    as i
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    said earlier if you need something it
  • 00:10:18
    will not come from services
  • 00:10:20
    right so that's the whole problem of our
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    economy right now
  • 00:10:24
    um we don't produce a lot we're not an
  • 00:10:27
    industrial economy
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    we're pre-industrial we're still
  • 00:10:31
    agrarian but
  • 00:10:32
    backward at that backward in the sense
  • 00:10:34
    that
  • 00:10:35
    even up until now 2018 we still have
  • 00:10:38
    people in
  • 00:10:40
    doing agriculture by literally pushing
  • 00:10:44
    their
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    their their animals and literally doing
  • 00:10:49
    artisanal work
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    by hand
  • 00:10:57
    they do it themselves and that's a very
  • 00:10:59
    low productivity way
  • 00:11:01
    of doing agriculture now even if you
  • 00:11:03
    give them
  • 00:11:04
    tractors they don't really own the land
  • 00:11:07
    so nothing comes to them
  • 00:11:10
    so what do we do what do filipinos if
  • 00:11:13
    there's no jobs here
  • 00:11:15
    what do most of your um
  • 00:11:21
    like do they go out they go abroad
  • 00:11:25
    most of our well 10 now around 11
  • 00:11:29
    10 to 11 of our filipino labor force is
  • 00:11:33
    actually outside of the country
  • 00:11:35
    and that's one way of finding jobs
  • 00:11:38
    but do you know how much the jobs in
  • 00:11:40
    saudi right now is
  • 00:11:43
    is actually the same as the entry-level
  • 00:11:46
    construction worker here in the country
  • 00:11:51
    that just means that people filipinos
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    would take any job opportunity even if
  • 00:11:57
    it's outside of the country
  • 00:11:59
    even if they don't have to come home
  • 00:12:02
    okay
  • 00:12:03
    and this headline is not surprising
  • 00:12:07
    anymore
  • 00:12:08
    right um that was that was last year
  • 00:12:11
    you can actually find um that this trend
  • 00:12:14
    has been
  • 00:12:15
    going up the joblessness uh in fact
  • 00:12:20
    it was surprising that even our
  • 00:12:23
    philippine statistics authority does not
  • 00:12:26
    report joblessness anymore
  • 00:12:27
    they report um the percentage of those
  • 00:12:31
    who have jobs it's a negative vietnam
  • 00:12:34
    but joblessness but this is actually
  • 00:12:36
    increasing
  • 00:12:38
    uh since the last few years
  • 00:12:41
    now most of you would be 18 to 24
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    right or wish to be 80 20
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    where do i divide so half of you
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    it can be my left or my right will not
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    have jobs if you try to find
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    jobs right now in fact more than half
  • 00:13:02
    52 of your age range cannot find
  • 00:13:06
    jobs it doesn't matter if you're from
  • 00:13:09
    fau
  • 00:13:10
    from usd from ub or any of those top
  • 00:13:13
    universities because on the average
  • 00:13:18
    that uh you your age group will have
  • 00:13:22
    difficulties in finding jobs and that's
  • 00:13:24
    the
  • 00:13:25
    promise of um
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    the job market you can find jobs if you
  • 00:13:31
    have a good
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    education but in this economy a good
  • 00:13:35
    education is not a very big
  • 00:13:39
    assurance that you will find why it's
  • 00:13:42
    not because
  • 00:13:43
    you don't have credentials it's because
  • 00:13:46
    the economy
  • 00:13:47
    cannot absorb the labor force that we're
  • 00:13:51
    producing right now
  • 00:13:53
    it's even the researchers in the
  • 00:13:57
    in in the government and
  • 00:14:01
    she's now a uh undersecretary
  • 00:14:04
    professional
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    in the dti and
  • 00:14:08
    she has been she has been saying that we
  • 00:14:11
    need to have manufacturing
  • 00:14:13
    that they did try to have a
  • 00:14:14
    manufacturing resurgence but
  • 00:14:16
    this still is the main characterization
  • 00:14:20
    of our economy we don't produce
  • 00:14:23
    things if ever we have production
  • 00:14:26
    we have extraction on one hand so we do
  • 00:14:29
    have mining
  • 00:14:31
    we do have sales at the other end right
  • 00:14:34
    but we don't have production in the
  • 00:14:36
    middle
  • 00:14:36
    so what do we do if you need metal if
  • 00:14:39
    you need
  • 00:14:41
    higher what do you
  • 00:14:44
    we do have iron ore we need iron in
  • 00:14:47
    buildings
  • 00:14:48
    but we don't actually produce iron bars
  • 00:14:50
    so what we do is to export the iron ore
  • 00:14:54
    and then buy it back is
  • 00:14:59
    okay because the value that that cost
  • 00:15:02
    there is because it
  • 00:15:03
    it tries to reflect the value added the
  • 00:15:06
    value added is
  • 00:15:07
    transforming that for to to steal
  • 00:15:12
    we don't have those value-added
  • 00:15:14
    industries here
  • 00:15:16
    now value-adding is part of science and
  • 00:15:19
    technology and engineering
  • 00:15:21
    if you have new processes to make better
  • 00:15:23
    steel
  • 00:15:24
    then you can sell your steel at a higher
  • 00:15:26
    price
  • 00:15:27
    but do you really need metallurgical
  • 00:15:30
    engineers
  • 00:15:31
    do you really need any chemistry
  • 00:15:35
    because you don't really have that
  • 00:15:37
    production you don't have that need
  • 00:15:40
    maybe you would need structural
  • 00:15:41
    engineers because you're building things
  • 00:15:43
    but at the cost maybe you just need one
  • 00:15:46
    you don't need
  • 00:15:47
    thousands right you might need mining
  • 00:15:51
    engineers
  • 00:15:52
    but probably not those experience
  • 00:15:55
    because all you need to find is the rock
  • 00:15:59
    and that's the problem so you cannot
  • 00:16:02
    really develop your science and
  • 00:16:03
    technology
  • 00:16:04
    because we don't have those industries
  • 00:16:08
    so what do we do we have low value added
  • 00:16:11
    manufacturing and low value added
  • 00:16:14
    manufacturing yesterday i was in an
  • 00:16:16
    electronics company
  • 00:16:19
    the import as i said earlier a lot of
  • 00:16:21
    their electronics
  • 00:16:22
    resistors capacitors all the parts here
  • 00:16:26
    all they do is to really put it together
  • 00:16:29
    you put them together and then make a
  • 00:16:31
    radio for your car make a
  • 00:16:34
    make a device for your um
  • 00:16:37
    for your computer etc we do manufacture
  • 00:16:40
    hard disks in the philippines
  • 00:16:42
    so even the hardest computer is
  • 00:16:44
    sometimes made in the philippines
  • 00:16:46
    but all they do is to actually assemble
  • 00:16:51
    and most of our
  • 00:16:54
    production is in that state
  • 00:16:57
    so do you really need phds in chemistry
  • 00:17:01
    et cetera how many of those
  • 00:17:04
    that you would do and therefore it's not
  • 00:17:06
    surprising to find
  • 00:17:08
    scientists to go out right it's not just
  • 00:17:12
    ordinary professionals it's even our
  • 00:17:14
    highly trained scientists and engineers
  • 00:17:16
    going out of the country
  • 00:17:20
    nurses as well okay medical
  • 00:17:22
    professionals
  • 00:17:23
    etc who actually go and seek employment
  • 00:17:27
    elsewhere reason we don't really have
  • 00:17:31
    places for them in our economy
  • 00:17:35
    they can participate in the economy but
  • 00:17:37
    sometimes not a scientists or engineers
  • 00:17:40
    and if you actually look around and find
  • 00:17:44
    where are our experts there are you will
  • 00:17:48
    find
  • 00:17:48
    in general were around again very high
  • 00:17:51
    96
  • 00:17:52
    out of 139 well numerically i'm sorry
  • 00:17:58
    at least
  • 00:18:02
    numerically high but we're at the tail
  • 00:18:04
    end as well
  • 00:18:05
    and what this means is that if you're
  • 00:18:07
    looking for an expert
  • 00:18:10
    more often than not we cannot find the
  • 00:18:12
    experts okay there's a roughly around
  • 00:18:15
    100 people
  • 00:18:16
    100 phds in physics in the country
  • 00:18:20
    okay and this is roughly 100 million
  • 00:18:23
    people
  • 00:18:24
    that makes me a one in a million guy
  • 00:18:26
    right
  • 00:18:32
    the weight will actually press on my
  • 00:18:34
    shoulders because there's
  • 00:18:36
    one million people in the philippine
  • 00:18:39
    center is actually
  • 00:18:40
    depending on me to
  • 00:18:43
    decide or to give anything information
  • 00:18:47
    model anything in physics
  • 00:18:52
    that's not a nice thing to think about
  • 00:18:55
    and it's even worse for a lot of other
  • 00:18:58
    scientific professions
  • 00:19:00
    if we're actually going to to add
  • 00:19:02
    together all the scientists and
  • 00:19:04
    engineers
  • 00:19:05
    do you know how many are there that
  • 00:19:08
    includes all the experts here
  • 00:19:10
    in feu would you guess that anybody
  • 00:19:12
    guess
  • 00:19:13
    there's only ten thousand in fact nine
  • 00:19:16
    thousand eight hundred
  • 00:19:17
    seventy research scientists and
  • 00:19:20
    engineers in other words
  • 00:19:21
    those who are really engaged in research
  • 00:19:23
    you only have 10
  • 00:19:25
    000 in the whole
  • 00:19:28
    country about 10 million
  • 00:19:48
    i know some of the people here in your
  • 00:19:51
    university research fellows
  • 00:19:56
    you don't really have a lot of people
  • 00:19:59
    and therefore it's very important that
  • 00:20:01
    scientists or science
  • 00:20:05
    students okay would actually try to
  • 00:20:07
    develop
  • 00:20:08
    and become more experts and stay here in
  • 00:20:11
    the country
  • 00:20:12
    so psy that includes everything science
  • 00:20:15
    chemistry
  • 00:20:16
    physics basic sciences economics etc
  • 00:20:20
    because if you stay here then you add
  • 00:20:23
    more number
  • 00:20:24
    to whenever the people would need the
  • 00:20:27
    experts
  • 00:20:29
    right
  • 00:20:35
    the reason here is partly because you
  • 00:20:38
    don't really have a lot
  • 00:20:40
    of funding
  • 00:20:44
    but even if you double the funding
  • 00:20:47
    even if you triple the funding which the
  • 00:20:49
    government plans to do
  • 00:20:51
    okay you don't really have people to
  • 00:20:54
    absorb it
  • 00:20:55
    i mean you get more um libo
  • 00:20:58
    nah researchers if you don't have
  • 00:21:01
    students
  • 00:21:02
    to work with you you cannot do it
  • 00:21:05
    everything okay the way to do
  • 00:21:08
    it is that you should actually generate
  • 00:21:11
    and let them
  • 00:21:12
    let the experts stay here the problem is
  • 00:21:15
    they don't
  • 00:21:16
    have places to go and
  • 00:21:19
    we only have like around one per 12 000
  • 00:21:23
    uh researcher density in the country
  • 00:21:28
    that's very far from singapore it's one
  • 00:21:30
    out of 164
  • 00:21:32
    okay but you know singapore is smaller
  • 00:21:34
    than manila
  • 00:21:36
    uh but thailand is a nice number to
  • 00:21:39
    look at has one-fourth of what we
  • 00:21:43
    have indonesia is a very large
  • 00:21:46
    population
  • 00:21:47
    has one half of it and vietnam as well
  • 00:21:51
    the situation right now where we're in
  • 00:21:53
    is that we don't have the industries
  • 00:21:55
    we don't have any program for developing
  • 00:21:58
    our
  • 00:21:59
    the rural area to industrialize the area
  • 00:22:04
    agricultural modernization is not even
  • 00:22:07
    a big idea
  • 00:22:10
    that is working in the agricultural
  • 00:22:12
    department earlier
  • 00:22:14
    they were talking about the sugar
  • 00:22:16
    shortage
  • 00:22:18
    okay and the solution was to import
  • 00:22:22
    not to develop our sugar production but
  • 00:22:26
    to input
  • 00:22:27
    okay all ways to import now the reason
  • 00:22:30
    was given
  • 00:22:31
    um is that the they have to fill the
  • 00:22:35
    need
  • 00:22:36
    immediately but that was the same thing
  • 00:22:38
    that they were saying a few years ago
  • 00:22:41
    so lagging along this is a three-season
  • 00:22:45
    company and that's the same thing for a
  • 00:22:48
    lot of areas
  • 00:22:49
    the research and development is not
  • 00:22:51
    really integrated in the thinking
  • 00:22:54
    of our policy makers and even of
  • 00:22:56
    industry
  • 00:22:57
    if you look at if you ask industry do
  • 00:22:59
    you have any
  • 00:23:00
    thing to make do you have any research
  • 00:23:04
    and development
  • 00:23:05
    in your country in your company they
  • 00:23:08
    would say no we have very little
  • 00:23:10
    okay in fact the federation of filipino
  • 00:23:13
    industries
  • 00:23:14
    says that they actually have little or
  • 00:23:17
    none
  • 00:23:17
    research and development in the country
  • 00:23:21
    but those problems of
  • 00:23:25
    sewage transportation etc
  • 00:23:28
    can be actually solved okay by
  • 00:23:31
    research and technology but not just
  • 00:23:33
    researching
  • 00:23:34
    technology but by better policy
  • 00:23:53
    [Music]
  • 00:23:59
    you
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