Educating a neurodiverse world | Brian Kinghorn | TEDxTeachersCollege

00:10:30
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kT0eqy-_s7A

Ringkasan

TLDRDe video bespreekt het concept van neurodiversiteit, dat varieert van neurologische structuren als natuurlijke variaties in de menselijke hersenen zien die waardevolle cognitieve verschillen opleveren. Het benadrukt dat mensen met neurologische verschillen zoals autisme, ADHD en dyslexie unieke vaardigheden en perspectieven hebben. Deze eigenschappen worden vaak onderdrukt door een schoolsysteem dat conformiteit en eenheidsworst bevordert, ontworpen tijdens de industriële revolutie. Het suggereert dat de samenleving en het onderwijs zich meer moeten richten op het individu, waarbij de unieke capaciteiten van elk kind worden erkend en ontwikkeld, in plaats van ze te dwingen in een standaard model te passen. De video spreekt de hoop uit voor een toekomst waar er meer ruimte is voor neuro-harmonie en diversiteit.

Takeaways

  • 🌿 Neurodiversiteit is een natuurlijk en waardevol aspect van het menselijk brein.
  • 🧩 Verschillende neurologische kenmerken zoals autisme en ADHD bieden unieke vaardigheden.
  • 🏫 Het huidige onderwijs kan deze diversiteit vaak onderdrukken door zijn conformerende aard.
  • 🔧 Innovatie en succes zijn vaak geboren uit deze neurologische diversiteiten.
  • 🧠 Denken in beelden kan leiden tot grote prestaties op gebieden zoals wiskunde.
  • 🎨 Mensen met dyslexie kunnen uitblinken in creatieve velden dankzij hun brede visuele perspectief.
  • 🏭 Het schoolsysteem moet nodig hervormd worden voorbij het industriële model.
  • 🔍 Diagnose en beoordeling moeten objectiever en constructiever.
  • 🧬 Meritalocratieën kunnen pogingen zijn om vooroordelen te verhullen.
  • 🎶 Een diverse wereld zou als een groot orkest van talenten kunnen functioneren.

Garis waktu

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    In deze presentatie bespreekt de spreker het concept van neurodiversiteit, dat het idee promoot dat verschillende hersenaandoeningen zoals autisme en dyslexie natuurlijke variaties zijn van de menselijke geest. Neurodiversiteit stelt deze variaties als unieke bekwaamheden die leiden tot verschillende cognitieve richtingen. Bijvoorbeeld, mensen met autisme kunnen sterk zijn in detailwaarneming en patroonherkenning, wat hen geschikt maakt voor technische velden zoals programmeren. De spreker, iemand op het autistische spectrum, benadrukt het belang van visueel denken en hoe het hen heeft geholpen in vakken als wiskunde en statistiek. De samenleving, die vaak de voorkeur geeft aan conformiteit, heeft echter moeite om deze unieke denkstijlen te waarderen, wat resulteert in situaties waarin kinderen vroegtijdig worden gemediceerd om aan sociale normen te voldoen.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:30

    De spreker gaat verder in op de historie van het onderwijssysteem en benadrukt hoe het huidige systeem, dat zijn oorsprong vindt in de Industriële Revolutie, geneigd is om studenten in te delen op basis van een beperkt idee van intelligentie, vaak vastgelegd via gestandaardiseerde tests zoals IQ-tests. Deze opvatting van intelligentie vormt een belemmering voor mensen met diverse cognitieve stijlen. De spreker pleit voor een verandering in het onderwijssysteem dat ruimte biedt voor meer gepersonaliseerd onderwijs, waar studenten hun eigen interesses en talenten kunnen ontwikkelen zonder in een competitieve mal te worden gedrukt. Er wordt voorgesteld om meer ethische vormen van evaluatie en beoordeling te gebruiken, gericht op persoonlijke groei en ontwikkeling, in plaats van het handhaven van een strikte norm.

Peta Pikiran

Video Tanya Jawab

  • Wat is neurodiversiteit?

    Neurodiversiteit is de filosofie dat verschillende neurologische structuren natuurlijke variaties zijn in het menselijk brein en dat deze niet als stoornissen gezien moeten worden.

  • Waarom is neurodiversiteit belangrijk?

    Het erkent dat mensen met verschillen zoals autisme en dyslexie unieke talenten en perspectieven kunnen hebben die waardevol zijn voor de samenleving.

  • Welke voordelen hebben mensen met autisme volgens deze video?

    Mensen met autisme hebben vaak een sterke aandacht voor details, patronenherkenning, en lange-termijn geheugen, waardoor zij uitblinken op technische gebieden.

  • Hoe wordt ADHD beschreven in de context van neurodiversiteit?

    Mensen met ADHD zijn vaak energiek, creatief en hebben divergent denken, wat hen geschikt maakt voor ondernemerschap en creatieve velden.

  • Hoe beïnvloedt het schoolsysteem neurodiversiteit?

    Het huidige schoolsysteem, ontworpen volgens industriële normen, bevoordeelt conformiteit en niet-creatieve energie, wat neurodivergente kinderen benadeelt.

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Teks
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Gulir Otomatis:
  • 00:00:05
    today I'm going to talk to you about
  • 00:00:07
    neurodiversity if you're unfamiliar with
  • 00:00:10
    the term first consider biodiversity our
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    planet has billions of life-forms all
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    kinds of animals plants etc even within
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    humans there's immense variation in skin
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    color eye color hair color body features
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    you think there will be just one
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    standard issue brain neurodiversity is
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    the philosophy and burgeoning civil
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    rights movement that many conditions we
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    think of as disorders disabilities are
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    actually natural expressions of
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    variation of the human brain and mind
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    giving rise to various cognitive
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    orientations as Temple Grandin says
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    different not less let's take autism for
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    example autistics have incredible
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    attention to fine detail pattern
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    recognition motion perception long
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    memories many are attracted to
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    systematic technical fields like
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    programming and engineering Silicon
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    Valley is full of them then there's the
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    so called attention deficit disorder
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    these people are very high-energy
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    divergent thinking often creative they
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    tend to be risk seeking so they do well
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    in areas of business and as
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    entrepreneurs further there's dyslexia
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    these people have good peripheral vision
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    able to see wide big picture whole
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    systems they often do well in creative
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    pursuits like art design theater I am
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    autistic on the spectrum as they say
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    diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome at
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    age 21
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    I don't think verbally I think visual
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    spatially pictures patterns it's quite
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    challenging to compress my thoughts and
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    articulate them within the confines of
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    language so I'm using so many visuals
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    here do some insight thinking in images
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    and patterns that served me well in math
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    and statistics I can visualize
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    quantities as lines and curves just look
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    at equations
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    move the cymbals around with my mind
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    guard Ron a whiteboard and my bathroom
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    mirror we can look back in history and
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    find some of the greatest minds had
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    traits like these scientists like Newton
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    Tesla Turing Curie Einstein in the arts
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    Mozart
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    van Gogh Glenn Gould writers and poets
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    hans christian andersen emily dickinson
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    philosopher Immanuel Kant statesman
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    Thomas Jefferson it seems that for
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    success in science or art a dash of
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    autism is essential now these people
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    died long ago so we can't know exactly
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    what their diagnosis were or would have
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    been but what we do know is they were
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    anything but neurologically typical they
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    were eccentric and it's thanks to their
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    unique minds are able to accomplish such
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    feats though I'm concerned where will
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    the next generation of great thinkers
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    and innovators come from genius is
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    rarely recognized in its own time
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    especially in this society that favors
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    normality conformity to what is typical
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    ordinary expected average as if this
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    were the highest ideal people who are
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    creative think differently outside the
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    box are often ostracized and scorned
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    because they don't fit the social order
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    studies have shown that such children
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    are given poor marks by teachers who
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    favor compliant satisfiers now we have
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    children as young as three being
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    medicated as chemical restraint
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    behavioral interventions designed to
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    suppress their natural feelings force
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    assimilation just so they can appear
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    indistinguishable from their peers
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    coding faith jagged a in all honesty the
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    pursuit of normality is the ultimate
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    sacrifice of potential and I would add
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    the surest way to corrupt the youth
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    according to Nietzsche now to realize
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    how we got such a system we just need to
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    look back as
  • 00:04:33
    Robinson noted our school system came
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    from the Industrial Revolution designed
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    to run along factory lines prepare
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    children to become factory workers but
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    the factory model assumes a homogeneous
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    lot of raw materials processed
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    simultaneously in batches moving along
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    and at the end of the line they are
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    sorted and graded to see which units are
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    best fit for consumption because in the
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    factory quality just needs consistency
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    our assessment methods come from the
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    dawn of the 20th century during the
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    eugenics movement the presumption that
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    some people are just inherently better
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    than others
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    they have latent ability we cannot see
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    but you could have more or less of it
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    and the purpose of the tests is to
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    uncover the supposed differences it's
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    always been about sorting and
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    classifying people giving them ranks a
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    competition to see who is close to or
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    far from the norm often the average set
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    by some prior reference sample that's
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    how IQ works they can't have a test
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    where everybody performs the same good
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    or bad because if the test doesn't
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    discriminate you from your peers then it
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    doesn't have any test information but we
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    don't all come out of the same mold as
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    in this example you judge a fish by its
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    ability to climb a tree it will spend
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    its whole life believing that it's
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    stupid though we can turn the tables
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    like in this picture an octopus playing
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    with puzzle box under water and at the
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    other tank a cat a cat that has drowned
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    a cat that may otherwise be an excellent
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    climber fails in this situation it goes
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    to show the notion of disability isn't
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    necessarily about inherent flaws but
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    different sets of abilities and a
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    mismatch with the current environment
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    and tasks at hand as that test may be
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    reliable valid to compare the octopus to
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    a larger population of octopi and
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    ranking it within
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    but all too often an instrument
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    calibrated to just one population it's
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    taken as a general test of aptitude
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    applied broadly and then somehow find
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    entire races ethnicities and other
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    demographics are deemed inferior its
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    self-fulfilling prophecy
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    you might try and justify by saying it's
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    meritocracy they've been measured
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    evaluated and found lacking but here
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    measurement is just a convenient pretext
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    to reinforce classism I should know I'm
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    getting a PhD in this field and it
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    desperately needs reform can we allow
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    such archaic systems to persist in the
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    21st century clearly we need to change
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    we can't wait on Superman to come fix
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    our schools we must change and we can
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    change but not if we keep using the same
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    old thinking that created the problem
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    Sein Stein noted there's no easy answer
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    we can't just throw money at it we have
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    to break it down rebuild redesign think
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    hard what do we want our schools to
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    accomplish what should be their purpose
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    I for one don't want to see schools that
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    run like factories treat teachers like
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    assembly line workers or worse yet the
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    machinery no in my vision young students
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    on their basics like reading and writing
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    but beyond that it's a much more
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    individualized tailored approach
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    students could have greater Liberty to
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    pursue their interests and talents they
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    will be in competition with no one but
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    themselves challenged motivated to grow
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    develop and learn more than they knew
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    the day before as my sensei puts it
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    don't be others beat yourself we could
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    do away with the large high stakes
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    summary judgments and apply a more
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    ethical use of testing formative
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    diagnostic assessments based on
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    objective criteria that show how far
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    you've progressed in mastering some
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    domain they should be frequent ongoing
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    useful to guide
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    and students like GPS show where you are
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    help you find where you're going then
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    maybe we could have a wonderful society
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    where all kinds of people with all kinds
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    of minds abilities talents perspectives
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    would work and come together like a
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    grand orchestra and create a world far
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    more beautiful than anyone mind could a
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    world of neuro diversity and neuro
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    harmony I'm going to conclude now with a
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    poem that captures this theme it was a
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    great inspiration for me in making this
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    talk there are all kinds of jobs to be
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    done in our world so it's a good thing
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    that we have all kinds of minds to do
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    them luckily every kind of mind as some
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    kinds of mind work that it can do to
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    make the world a much better place but
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    first we all need to understand our own
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    minds would it be great if we could all
  • 00:10:00
    feel good about our own minds would it
  • 00:10:03
    be fun if we could all enjoy and respect
  • 00:10:06
    each other's kinds of minds then we
  • 00:10:10
    might live in a world where all kinds of
  • 00:10:13
    minds would be happy and proud to be
  • 00:10:17
    living all kinds of lives
Tags
  • neurodiversiteit
  • autisme
  • ADHD
  • dyslexie
  • onderwijs
  • conformiteit
  • variatie
  • creativiteit