【我並不存在】Annaka Harris 哈里斯 - 神經科學家證明佛學是對的 | 早晚會思考的問題

00:06:16
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3oXZk8z622Y

Sintesi

TLDR本段内容探讨了自我意识和自由意志的幻觉,认为我们的意识体验和决策过程并非如我们所感知的那样自由,而是复杂的自然因果关系所驱动。提到了一项2013年的研究,显示实验者可以在参与者做出决定前的几秒钟内预测他们的选择,进一步支持了这一观点。研究表明,记忆和大脑的默认模式网络在构建自我体验上起着重要作用。此外,接受情绪而非试图控制情绪,对心理健康有正面影响。

Punti di forza

  • 🧠 自我意识与自由意志常被误解为独立存在。
  • 🔍 决策实际上是复杂的因果过程。
  • 🧪 研究显示大脑可在决策前预测选择。
  • 📚 记忆帮助我们建立自我感。
  • 🌐 默认模式网络与自我意识高度相关。
  • 🎈 接受情绪有助于心理健康。
  • 🌊 意识体验是不断变化的过程。
  • 🌱 面对情绪,可以感受到一定的解放。
  • 🔄 自我感与外部世界的互动密切相关。
  • 💭 复杂的决策因素难以完全跟踪。

Linea temporale

  • 00:00:00 - 00:06:16

    探讨自我意识和自由意志的幻觉,提出直觉上感知的自我实际上并不存在,决策过程实际上是自然中的因果过程而非自由选择。虽然在复杂的决策中,每个因素都难以追踪,但真实的决策是大脑与外界互动的结果。2013年一项研究表明,参与者的脑活动可以在他们决策之前的几秒钟内被预测,进一步证明了自我和自由意志的幻觉。记忆在构建自我的体验中也起着重要作用;我们不断与外部世界交流,科学研究仍处于起步阶段。活跃的默认模式网络与自我意识密切相关,而在冥想或极度投入的状态下,这种自我意识会减弱,更接近于现实本质。意识到意识的体验可以是解脱的,有助于心理健康。

Mappa mentale

Video Domande e Risposte

  • 自我意识是什么?

    自我意识是指个体对自身存在和心理状态的认知和体验。

  • 自由意志是否真实存在?

    大多数情况下,自由意志被视为一种幻觉,实际上决策是复杂的因果过程。

  • 如何理解自我与自由意志的幻觉?

    自我感和自由意志通常被认为是个体对决策和意识的误解,科学研究表明这些并不是独立存在的。

  • 记忆在自我体验中有何作用?

    记忆帮助个体感知自我时间的连续性,如果没有记忆,个体的自我感会大大减弱。

  • 什么是默认模式网络?

    默认模式网络是大脑活动的一种状态,与自我意识和内省的体验相关,当这个网络活跃时,自我感更强。

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Sottotitoli
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    it is this feeling that my conscious
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    experience is this self that is somehow
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    living somewhere inside my body it's my
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    body it's my brain if your memories
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    weren't strung together there'd be much
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    less of a sense of a self Free Will for
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    the most part is an illusion it's not
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    free in the way we feel it is there's no
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    self or free will making decisions
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    behind the scenes
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    [Music]
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    so I think that Free Will for the most
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    part is an illusion so I use the term
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    free will to talk about decision-making
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    processes in nature if you look at
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    something like a p tendril when it
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    senses that it's close to a branch that
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    it can wrap itself around it starts
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    growing more quickly in that direction
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    and then it changes the growth so that
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    it wraps itself around a branch most of
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    us wouldn't consider that to be a free
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    decision-making process it's a cause and
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    effect process that occurs in nature and
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    as you move up in complexity to the
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    level of brains and then human brains
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    the number of factors that come into
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    play are so expansive that it would be
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    impossible for us to track them all but
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    it is a process it's a process by which
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    the brain is interacting with the
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    exterior World measuring the different
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    outcomes of the different possible
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    future FES and then ultimately making a
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    decision this is something that I think
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    what many people mean by free will the
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    problem with having
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    free in the title is that it's not free
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    in the way we feel it is and this is
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    where the illusion comes in we begin
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    with this illusion of self of being this
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    solid concrete entity that is somehow
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    living somewhere inside my body it's my
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    body it's my brain and therefore somehow
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    separate from the physical world that
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    could somehow freely make a decision and
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    because everything we experience
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    everything we know takes place within
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    this felt experience of Consciousness we
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    often equate this feeling of self with
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    Consciousness and that I think is
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    clearly an illusion it is this feeling
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    that my conscious experience is this
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    self it is the thing that has this
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    freedom and this is how the illusion of
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    self and the illusion of Free Will are
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    related there was a very interesting
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    study done in 2013 in which they put
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    participants in an fmri machine and
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    showed them a screen and presented two
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    numbers on that screen and they gave
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    them the option of either adding or
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    subtracting these two numbers and they
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    were scanning the activity of these
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    participants brains while they were
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    doing this calculation
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    and the result of this study was that
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    the experimenters could tell up to 4
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    seconds not only when this person was
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    going to make the decision but whether
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    they decided to add or subtract and so
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    you get this sense viscerally that
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    there's no self or free will making
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    decisions behind the scenes but that in
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    terms of your conscious experience a
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    decision really arises
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    so when I talk about the illusion of
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    self this is often very hard for people
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    to grasp what that could even mean we
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    all understand that a wave is not a
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    static thing in nature it's a process
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    and our brains are very much the same
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    thing they are processes in nature that
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    are Ever Changing ever evolving that we
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    are in constant communication with the
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    external world so the Neuroscience is
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    really still in its infancy but we're
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    starting to learn more and more about
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    how this illusion of self gets created
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    we also know that memory plays a role in
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    creating this experience of self as well
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    there's a sense in which all of the
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    memories that we have access to over
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    time were being experienced by the same
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    subject and you can imagine if your
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    memories weren't strung together and
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    your experience was just of each present
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    moment there' be much less of a sense of
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    a self moving through time we're also
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    learning a little bit more about what
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    neuroscientists refer to as the default
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    mode Network so we know that when the
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    default mode network is active we are
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    highly aware of this illusion of self
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    and it tends to quiet down when we're
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    experiencing what people talk about as a
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    flow state so when we're very immersed
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    in our work if we're very immersed in a
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    sport when people are under the
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    influence of some psychedelic substances
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    or various meditation techniques that it
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    down the default mode Network we're not
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    so aware of self versus other or self
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    versus World which is actually closer to
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    the underlying reality there are moments
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    where realizing there's an experience of
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    conscious will taking place can be quite
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    liberating many people get stuck in
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    feeling responsible for their
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    psychological State and there's a way in
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    which simp
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    being with whatever uncomfortable
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    emotions you're experiencing whether
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    it's sadness or frustration or anger
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    being with them rather than believing
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    that you controlling them um can be
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    extremely beneficial for psychological
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    well-being
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    [Music]
Tag
  • 自我意识
  • 自由意志
  • 幻觉
  • 心理健康
  • 神经科学
  • 决策过程
  • 记忆
  • 默认模式网络
  • 因果关系
  • 意识体验