Rewire negative thinking with Greek philosophy | Philosophy Quotes

00:53:41
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_QzVw_kmFK8

Sintesi

TLDRThe video explores the connection between self-care, education, and happiness, emphasizing the importance of moderation and virtue. It asserts that true happiness results from virtuous actions rather than external possessions. The speaker urges individuals to seek wisdom and moral excellence, recognizing the intrinsic link between knowledge and the improvement of the soul. The discussion delves into the challenges of change, the nature of desire and emotion, and the pursuit of truth, encouraging listeners to reflect on their understanding and actions within the context of society and politics.

Punti di forza

  • 💡 Knowledge is essential for understanding goodness.
  • 📚 Education shapes character and moral integrity.
  • ⚖️ Virtue is a state of character aligned with rational principles.
  • 🧘‍♂️ True happiness comes from virtuous living, not material gain.
  • 🌱 Happiness is nurtured through moderation and wisdom.
  • 🗣️ Freedom of speech is vital for public liberty and wisdom.
  • ☯️ Balance between the physical and intellectual aspects of life is crucial.
  • 🔥 Love and genuine connections are fundamental for human fulfillment.
  • 🔄 Change is inevitable; accepting it is part of wisdom.
  • 🕊️ A well-lived life offers comfort in old age.

Linea temporale

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The care for one's soul involves a departure from superficial living, with philosophy guiding individuals toward purification and away from evil. True happiness stems from moderation and self-reliance, rather than dependency on others' approval or fortune.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    Moderation defines a wise man who accepts life's inevitable suffering regardless of achieving desires. Embracing reality and its constant changes is an essential part of human existence and fulfillment.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    A strong character is distinguished by disdain for external circumstances and a commitment to pursuing moral actions. Significant challenges and servitude contribute to personal growth and societal benefits, grounded in the essence of justice which is deemed as right reason.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    Moral excellence involves the understanding of pleasure and pain, with education shaping youth to appreciate values leading to lasting happiness, ultimately linking virtue with the divine.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:25:00

    Human education and physical activity are critical to attain a balanced life. Those who neglect wisdom pursue trivial pleasures, often leading to a superficial existence devoid of deeper truths.

  • 00:25:00 - 00:30:00

    Societal mistakes include self-serving behavior, worry about unchangeable matters, and rejecting personal growth. True progress should not be deterred by slow advancement; it is vital to encourage ongoing development.

  • 00:30:00 - 00:35:00

    The ideal citizen embodies both athleticism and scholarly wisdom. Times are marked by false teachings, while wisdom emerges from meaningful dialogue and self-discovery.

  • 00:35:00 - 00:40:00

    Philosophy serves as a means to seek truth and share knowledge, but must be informed by understanding rather than ignorance. Disconnect between individuals and their inherent values leads to a lack of true knowledge.

  • 00:40:00 - 00:45:00

    The enlightened must guide others, facing their struggles together to uplift society. Genuine wisdom recognizes the disconnect between surface-level knowledge and profound understanding, which should be shared with humility.

  • 00:45:00 - 00:53:41

    Education should be a gentle orientation toward virtue, shaping young minds by exposing them to the most virtuous tales, preventing negative influences that can bind their potential as adults.

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Mappa mentale

Video Domande e Risposte

  • What is the role of education in achieving happiness?

    Education contributes to personal virtue and happiness, shaping an individual's character and moral compass.

  • How does the video define virtue?

    Virtue is defined as a state of character concerned with choice, guided by rational principle.

  • What are the three prominent types of life mentioned?

    The three types of life are pleasure, political, and contemplative.

  • What distinguishes true knowledge from mere opinion?

    True knowledge involves understanding and wisdom, while mere opinion lacks depth and often misleads.

  • Why is moderation important?

    Moderation allows individuals to live happily and cultivate wisdom, avoiding extreme behaviors.

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Sottotitoli
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Scorrimento automatico:
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    [Music]
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    they who have a care for their souls and
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    do not merely live in the Fashions of
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    the body say farewell to all this they
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    will not walk in the ways of the Blind
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    and when philosophy offers them
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    purification and release from Evil they
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    feel that they ought not resist her
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    influence and to her they incline and
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    with she leads they follow
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    [Music]
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    her the man who makes everything that
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    leads to happiness depend upon himself
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    and not upon other men has adopted the
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    very best plan for living
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    happily this is the man of moderation
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    the man of manly character and of
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    wisdom
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    if you don't get what you want you
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    suffer if you get what you don't want
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    you
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    suffer even when you get exactly what
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    you want you still suffer because you
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    can't hold on to it
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    forever your mind is your predicament it
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    wants to be free of change free of pain
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    free of the obligations of life and
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    death but change is a law and no amount
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    of pretend ing will alter that
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    [Music]
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    reality I desire only to know the truth
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    and to live as well as I can and to the
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    utmost of my power I exhalt all other
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    men to do the
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    same I exal you also to take part in the
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    great combat which is the combat of life
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    and greater than every other Earthly
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    conflict
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    [Music]
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    two distinctive traits especially
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    identify Beyond a doubt a strong and
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    dominant character one trait is contempt
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    for external circumstances while one is
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    convinced that men ought to respect to
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    desire and to pursue only what is moral
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    and right that men should be subject to
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    nothing not to another man not to some
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    disturbing passion not to
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    Fortune the second trait when your
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    character has the disposition I outlined
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    just now is to perform the kinds of
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    service that is significant and most
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    beneficial but they should also be
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    services that are a severe challenge
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    that are filled with ordeals and that
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    endanger not only your life but also the
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    many Comforts that make life attractive
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    of these two traits all the glory
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    magnificence and the advantage too let
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    us not forget are in the second while
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    the drive and discipline that make men
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    great are in the
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    former for there is but one essential
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    Justice which cements
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    society and one law which enables this
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    Justice this law is Right reason which
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    is the true rule of all commandments and
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    prohibitions whoever neglects this law
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    whether written or Unwritten is
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    necessarily unjust and
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    wicked moral Excellence is concerned
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    with Pleasure and
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    Pain because of pleasure we do bad
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    things and for fear of pain we avoid
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    Noble ones for this reason we ought to
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    be trained from youth as Plato says to
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    find Pleasure and Pain where we
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    ought this is the purpose of
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    education is happiness to be acquired by
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    learning by habit or some other form of
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    training it seems to have come as a
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    result of virtue and some process of
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    learning and to be among the Godlike
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    things since its end is Godlike and
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    blessed
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    [Music]
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    man is a tame or civilized animal
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    nevertheless he requires proper
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    instruction and a fortunate nature and
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    then of all animals he becomes the most
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    Divine and the most civilized but if he
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    be insufficiently or ill educated he is
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    the most Savage of Earthly
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    creatures
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    in order for a man to succeed in life
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    God provided him with two means
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    education and physical
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    activity not separately one for the soul
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    and the other for the body but for the
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    two together with these means we can
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    attain
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    [Music]
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    Perfection the inexperienced in wisdom
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    and virtue ever occupied with feasting
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    and such are carried downward and there
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    as is fitting they wander their whole
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    life long neither ever looking upward
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    towards the truth above them nor Rising
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    toward it nor tasting pure and Lasting
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    Pleasures like cattle always looking
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    downward with their heads bent towards
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    the ground and the banquet tables they
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    feed fatten and fornicate in order to
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    increase their possessions they kick and
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    butt with horns and Hooves of Steel they
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    kill each other insatiable as they
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    are six mistakes mankind keeps making
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    Century after Century believing that
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    personal gain is made by crushing others
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    worrying about things that cannot be
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    changed or
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    corrected insisting that a thing is
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    impossible because we cannot accomplish
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    it refusing to set aside trivial
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    preferences neglecting development and
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    refinement of the Mind attempting to
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    compel others to believe and live as we
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    do never discourage anyone who
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    continually makes progress no matter how
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    slow
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    he who is only an athlete is too crude
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    too vulgar too much a
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    Savage he who is a scholar only is too
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    soft too
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    effeminate the ideal citizen is the
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    scholar athlete the man of thought and
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    the Man of
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    Action strange times are these in which
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    we live when old and young are taught
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    falsehoods in
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    school and the person that dares to tell
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    the truth is called at once a lunatic
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    and
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    [Music]
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    fool wise men talk because they have
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    something to say fools because they have
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    to say
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    something imagine that the keeper of a
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    huge strong Beast notices what makes it
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    Angry what it desires how it has to be
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    approached and handled the circumstances
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    and the conditions under which it
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    becomes particularly Fierce or calm what
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    provokes its typical cries and what tone
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    of voice makes it gentle or wild once he
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    spent enough time in the creature's
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    company to acquire all this
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    information he calls it knowledge forms
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    it into a systematic branch of expertise
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    and starts to teach it despite total
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    ignorance in fact about which of the
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    creatures attitudes and desires is
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    commendable or deplorable good or bad
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    moral or immoral his usage of all these
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    terms simply conforms to the great
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    BEAST's
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    attitudes and he describes things as
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    good or bad according to its likes and
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    dislikes and can't justify his usage of
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    the terms any further but describes as
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    right and good the things which are
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    merely
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    indispensable since he hasn't realized
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    and can't explain to anyone else how
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    vast a gulf there is between necessity
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    and
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    [Music]
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    goodness it is the task of the
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    enlightened not only to ascend to
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    learning and to see the good but to be
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    willing to descend again to those
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    prisoners and to share their troubles
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    and their honors
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    whether they are worth having or not and
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    this they must do even with the prospect
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    of
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    death I thought to myself I am wiser
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    than this man neither of us probably
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    knows anything that is really good but
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    he thinks he has knowledge when he has
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    not while I having no knowledge do not
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    think I
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    have
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    those who are able to see beyond the
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    Shadows and lies of their culture will
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    never be understood let alone believed
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    by the
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    masses bodily exercise when compulsory
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    does not harm the body but knowledge
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    which is acquired under compulsion
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    obtains no hold on the
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    mind
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    human behavior flows from three main
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    sources desire emotion and
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    knowledge evil is the vulgar lover who
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    loves the body rather than the soul in
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    as much as he is not even stable because
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    he loves a thing which is in itself
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    unstable and therefore when the blue of
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    Youth which he was Desiring is over he
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    takes his wings and flies away in spite
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    of all his words and Promises whereas
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    the love of the noble disposition is
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    lifelong for it becomes one with the
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    Everlasting the greatest wealth is to
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    live content with
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    little
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    no matter how hard you fight the
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    darkness every light casts a shadow and
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    the closer you get to the light the
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    darker the shadow
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    becomes the man who finds that in the
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    course of his life he has done a lot of
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    wrong often wakes up at night in Terror
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    like a child with a nightmare and his
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    life is full of forboding but the man
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    who is conscious of no wrongdoing is
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    filled with cheerfulness and with the
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    comfort of old
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    [Music]
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    age either we shall find what it is we
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    are seeking or at least we shall free
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    ourselves from the persuasion that we
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    know what we do not
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    know one of the penalties of refusing to
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    participate in politics
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    is that you end up being governed by
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    your
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    [Music]
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    inferiors there are three classes of men
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    lovers of wisdom lovers of honor and
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    lovers of
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    [Music]
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    gain there is in every one of us even
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    those who seem to be the most moderate a
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    type of Desire that is Terri terrible
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    wild and
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    [Music]
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    Lawless if men learn this it will
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    implant forgetfulness into their souls
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    they will cease to exercise memory
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    because they rely on that which is
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    written calling things to remembrance no
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    longer from within themselves but by
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    means of external marks what you have
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    discovered is a recipe not for memory
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    but for reminder
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    and it is no true wisdom that you offer
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    your disciples but only its semblance
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    for by telling them of many things
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    without teaching them you will make them
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    seem to know much while for the most
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    part they know nothing and as men filled
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    not with wisdom but with the conceit of
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    wisdom they will be a burden to their
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    fellows I a hero is born among a 100 a
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    wise man is found among a thousand but
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    an accomplished one might not be found
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    even among a 100,000
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    men and so when a person meets the half
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    that is his very own whatever his
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    orientation then something wonderful
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    happens the two are struck from their
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    senses by Love by a sense of belonging
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    to one another and by
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    desire and they don't want to be
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    separated from one another not even for
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    a
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    moment in politics we presume that
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    everyone who knows how to get votes
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    knows how to administer a city or state
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    when we are ill we do not ask for the
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    handsomest physician or the most elant
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    [Music]
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    one you know that the beginning is the
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    most important part of any work
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    especially in the case of a young and
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    tender thing for that is the time at
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    which the character is being formed and
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    the desired impression is more readily
  • 00:15:13
    taken shall we just carelessly allow
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    children to hear any casual Tales which
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    may be devised by casual persons and to
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    receive into their minds ideas for the
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    most part very opposite of those which
  • 00:15:27
    we should wish them to have when they
  • 00:15:29
    grow up we cannot anything received into
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    the mind at that age is likely to become
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    indelible and
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    unalterable and therefore it is most
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    important that the tales which the young
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    first hear should be models of virtuous
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    [Music]
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    thoughts only a philosopher's mind grows
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    Wings since its memory always keeps it
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    as close close as possible to those
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    realities by being close to which the
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    gods are
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    [Music]
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    Divine man is a prisoner who has no
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    right to open the door of his prison and
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    run away a man should wait and not take
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    his own life until God summons
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    him that's what education should be I
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    said the art of
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    orientation Educators should devise the
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    simplest and most effective methods of
  • 00:16:36
    turning Minds around it shouldn't be the
  • 00:16:39
    art of implanting sight in the organ but
  • 00:16:42
    should proceed on the understanding that
  • 00:16:44
    the organ already has the
  • 00:16:46
    capacity but is improperly aligned and
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    isn't facing the right
  • 00:16:56
    way when someone sees a soul Disturbed
  • 00:17:00
    and unable to see something he won't
  • 00:17:02
    laugh mindlessly but he'll take into
  • 00:17:05
    consideration whether it has come from a
  • 00:17:08
    brighter life and is dimmed through not
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    having yet become accustomed to the dark
  • 00:17:14
    or whether it has come from greater
  • 00:17:16
    ignorance into greater light and is
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    dazzled by The increased
  • 00:17:27
    Brilliance love is born into every human
  • 00:17:30
    being it calls back the halves of our
  • 00:17:33
    original nature together it tries to
  • 00:17:36
    make one out of two and heal the wound
  • 00:17:39
    of human
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    nature do not train a child to learn by
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    force or harshness but direct them to it
  • 00:17:52
    by what amuses their minds so that you
  • 00:17:55
    may be better able to discover with
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    accuracy
  • 00:17:59
    The Peculiar bent of the genius of
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    [Music]
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    each I will begin to speak when I have
  • 00:18:11
    that to say which had better not be
  • 00:18:15
    [Music]
  • 00:18:20
    unsaid consider it the greatest of all
  • 00:18:22
    virtues to restrain the
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    tongue
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    I know not what treason is if sapping
  • 00:18:34
    and betraying the Liberties of people be
  • 00:18:37
    not
  • 00:18:39
    [Music]
  • 00:18:43
    treason some have said that it is not
  • 00:18:46
    the business of private men to meddle
  • 00:18:48
    with government a bold and dishonest say
  • 00:18:52
    which is fit to come from no mouth but
  • 00:18:55
    that of a tyrant or a Slave to say that
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    private men have nothing to do with
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    government is to say that private men
  • 00:19:03
    have nothing to do with their own
  • 00:19:05
    happiness or
  • 00:19:07
    misery that people ought not to concern
  • 00:19:10
    themselves whether they be naked or
  • 00:19:11
    clothed fed or starved deceived or
  • 00:19:15
    instructed protected or
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    destroyed an honest man is seldom a
  • 00:19:27
    vagrant
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    by Liberty I understand the power which
  • 00:19:36
    Every Man Has over his own actions and
  • 00:19:40
    his right to enjoy the fruits of his
  • 00:19:42
    labor art and Industry as far as by it
  • 00:19:46
    he hurts not the society or any members
  • 00:19:49
    of it by taking from any member or by
  • 00:19:53
    hindering him from enjoying what he
  • 00:19:54
    himself
  • 00:19:56
    enjoys the fruits of a man's honest
  • 00:19:58
    industry are the just rewards of it
  • 00:20:01
    ascertained to him by natural and
  • 00:20:03
    eternal Equity as is his title to use
  • 00:20:06
    them in the manner which he thinks fit
  • 00:20:08
    and thus with the above limitations
  • 00:20:12
    every man is so Lord and arbiter of his
  • 00:20:15
    own private actions and
  • 00:20:19
    [Music]
  • 00:20:22
    property consider in silence whatever
  • 00:20:25
    anyone says speech both con CE seals and
  • 00:20:29
    reveals the inner soul of
  • 00:20:36
    man in doing nothing men learn to do
  • 00:20:45
    evil speak briefly and to the
  • 00:20:54
    point whoever would overthrow the
  • 00:20:56
    liberty of a Nation must begin by
  • 00:20:59
    subduing freedom of speech without
  • 00:21:02
    freedom of thought there can be no such
  • 00:21:04
    thing as wisdom and no such thing as
  • 00:21:07
    public Liberty without freedom of
  • 00:21:15
    speech flee sloth for the indolence of
  • 00:21:19
    the soul is the decay of the
  • 00:21:27
    body it is remarkable that men when they
  • 00:21:30
    differ in what they think considerable
  • 00:21:33
    will be apt to differ in almost
  • 00:21:35
    everything else their difference begets
  • 00:21:38
    contradiction contradiction begets heat
  • 00:21:41
    heat quickly Rises into resentment rage
  • 00:21:44
    and ill will thus they differ in
  • 00:21:47
    affections as they differ in
  • 00:21:55
    judgment wise men are more dependent on
  • 00:21:58
    fools than fools on wise
  • 00:22:06
    men the primary virtue is hold your
  • 00:22:10
    tongue who knows how to keep quiet is
  • 00:22:13
    close to
  • 00:22:19
    God all have the gift of speech but few
  • 00:22:23
    are possessed with
  • 00:22:26
    wisdom
  • 00:22:30
    I would not be beholden to a tyrant for
  • 00:22:33
    his acts of tyranny for it is but
  • 00:22:36
    usurpation in him to save as their
  • 00:22:39
    rightful Lord the lives of men over whom
  • 00:22:43
    he has no title to
  • 00:22:50
    Reign time obliterates the fictions of
  • 00:22:53
    opinion and confirms the decisions of
  • 00:22:56
    nature
  • 00:23:03
    few are those who wish to be endowed
  • 00:23:05
    with virtue rather than to seem
  • 00:23:08
    [Music]
  • 00:23:12
    so God's law is Right reason when
  • 00:23:16
    perfectly understood it is called wisdom
  • 00:23:19
    when applied by government in regulating
  • 00:23:21
    human relations it is called
  • 00:23:26
    Justice
  • 00:23:28
    [Music]
  • 00:23:31
    it is not by muscle speed or physical
  • 00:23:34
    dexterity that great things are achieved
  • 00:23:37
    but by reflection force of character and
  • 00:23:46
    judgment a mind without instruction can
  • 00:23:49
    no more bear fruit than can a field
  • 00:23:52
    however fertile without
  • 00:23:54
    [Music]
  • 00:23:56
    cultivation
  • 00:24:01
    to be content with what we possess is
  • 00:24:03
    the greatest and most secure of
  • 00:24:06
    [Music]
  • 00:24:11
    riches do not blame Caesar blame the
  • 00:24:14
    people of Rome who have so
  • 00:24:16
    enthusiastically acclaimed and adored
  • 00:24:18
    him and rejoiced in their loss of
  • 00:24:20
    freedom and danced in his path and given
  • 00:24:23
    him triumphal processions blame the
  • 00:24:26
    people who hail him when he speaks in
  • 00:24:29
    the Forum of the new wonderful good
  • 00:24:32
    society which shall now be Rome
  • 00:24:35
    interpreted to mean more money more ease
  • 00:24:38
    more security more living fatally at the
  • 00:24:42
    expense of the
  • 00:24:49
    industrious for while we are enclosed in
  • 00:24:52
    these confinements of the body we
  • 00:24:54
    perform as a kind of Duty the heavy task
  • 00:24:57
    of
  • 00:24:58
    necessity for the soul from Heaven has
  • 00:25:01
    been cast down from its dwelling on high
  • 00:25:04
    and sunk as it were into the Earth a
  • 00:25:08
    place just the opposite to Godlike
  • 00:25:10
    nature and Eternity but I believe that
  • 00:25:13
    the immortal gods have swn souls in
  • 00:25:16
    human bodies so that there might exist
  • 00:25:18
    beings to guard the world and after
  • 00:25:21
    contemplating the order of Heaven might
  • 00:25:23
    imitate it by their moderation and
  • 00:25:26
    steadfastness in life
  • 00:25:34
    the best armor of old age is a well
  • 00:25:37
    spent life preceding it a life employed
  • 00:25:40
    in the pursuit of useful knowledge in
  • 00:25:42
    honorable actions and the practice of
  • 00:25:45
    virtue in which he who labors to improve
  • 00:25:48
    himself from his youth will in age Weep
  • 00:25:51
    the happiest fruits of them not only
  • 00:25:54
    because these never leave a man not even
  • 00:25:56
    in the extremist old age but because a
  • 00:25:59
    conscience bearing witness that our life
  • 00:26:02
    was well spent together with the
  • 00:26:04
    remembrance of past good actions yields
  • 00:26:07
    an unspeakable Comfort to the
  • 00:26:15
    soul it is the peculiar quality of a
  • 00:26:17
    fool to perceive The Faults of others
  • 00:26:20
    and forget his
  • 00:26:26
    own what is morally wrong can never be
  • 00:26:31
    advantageous even when it enables you to
  • 00:26:33
    make some gain that you believe to be to
  • 00:26:35
    your advantage the mere Act of believing
  • 00:26:39
    that some wrongful course of action
  • 00:26:41
    constitutes an advantage is
  • 00:26:44
    [Music]
  • 00:26:49
    pentious knowledge which is divorced
  • 00:26:51
    from Justice may be called cunning
  • 00:26:54
    rather than
  • 00:26:56
    wisdom
  • 00:27:02
    it is a great thing to know your
  • 00:27:09
    vices I am not ashamed to confess I am
  • 00:27:13
    ignorant of what I do not
  • 00:27:16
    [Music]
  • 00:27:20
    know the enemy is within the gates it is
  • 00:27:24
    our own luxury our own folly our own
  • 00:27:28
    criminality that we have to
  • 00:27:34
    [Music]
  • 00:27:36
    contend to be ignorant of what occurred
  • 00:27:38
    before you were born is to remain always
  • 00:27:41
    a child for what is the worth of human
  • 00:27:44
    life unless it is woven into the life of
  • 00:27:46
    our ancestors by the records of
  • 00:27:55
    History the function of wisdom is to
  • 00:27:58
    discriminate between good and
  • 00:28:05
    evil there exists a law not written down
  • 00:28:08
    anywhere but inborn in our hearts a law
  • 00:28:12
    which comes to us not by training or
  • 00:28:14
    custom or reading but by derivation and
  • 00:28:18
    absorption and adoption from nature
  • 00:28:20
    itself a law which has come to us not
  • 00:28:23
    from Theory but from practice not by
  • 00:28:26
    instruction but by natural intuition I
  • 00:28:30
    refer to the law which lays it down that
  • 00:28:32
    if our lives are endangered by plots or
  • 00:28:34
    violence or armed robbers or enemies any
  • 00:28:39
    and every method of protecting ourselves
  • 00:28:41
    is morally
  • 00:28:48
    right there is I assure you a medical
  • 00:28:51
    art for the soul it is philosophy whose
  • 00:28:55
    Aid need not be sought as in bodily
  • 00:28:58
    disease from outside
  • 00:29:00
    ourselves we must Endeavor with all our
  • 00:29:03
    resources and all our strength to become
  • 00:29:06
    capable of doctoring
  • 00:29:14
    ourselves true law is Right reason in
  • 00:29:17
    agreement with nature it is of universal
  • 00:29:20
    application unchanging and everlasting
  • 00:29:23
    it summons to duty by its commands and
  • 00:29:26
    averts from wering by its
  • 00:29:34
    prohibitions hours and days and months
  • 00:29:37
    and years go by the past returns no more
  • 00:29:40
    and what is to be we cannot know but
  • 00:29:44
    whatever the time gives us in which we
  • 00:29:45
    live we should therefore be
  • 00:29:54
    content the man who back bites his
  • 00:29:56
    absent friend
  • 00:29:58
    nay who does not stand up for him when
  • 00:30:00
    another blames him the man who angles
  • 00:30:02
    for bursts of laughter and for the
  • 00:30:05
    repute of wit who can invent what he
  • 00:30:07
    never saw who cannot keep a
  • 00:30:10
    secret that man is black at heart Mark
  • 00:30:14
    and avoid
  • 00:30:20
    him if we are not ashamed to think it we
  • 00:30:24
    should not be ashamed to say it
  • 00:30:29
    [Music]
  • 00:30:32
    the Mind becomes accustomed to things by
  • 00:30:34
    the habitual sight of them and neither
  • 00:30:37
    wonders nor inquires about the reasons
  • 00:30:39
    for things it sees all the
  • 00:30:42
    [Music]
  • 00:30:46
    time men decide Far More Problems by
  • 00:30:50
    hate love lust rage sorrow Joy hope fear
  • 00:30:55
    illusion or some other other inward
  • 00:30:58
    emotion than by reality Authority any
  • 00:31:03
    legal standard judicial precedent or
  • 00:31:08
    [Music]
  • 00:31:12
    statute any man can make mistakes but
  • 00:31:16
    only an idiot persists in his
  • 00:31:21
    [Music]
  • 00:31:23
    error friendship improves happiness and
  • 00:31:27
    Bates Misery by doubling our Joys and
  • 00:31:30
    dividing our
  • 00:31:37
    grief everyone has the obligation to
  • 00:31:41
    ponder well his own special traits of
  • 00:31:44
    character he must also regulate them
  • 00:31:47
    adequately and not wonder whether
  • 00:31:49
    someone else's traits might suit him
  • 00:31:51
    better the more definitely his own a
  • 00:31:54
    man's character is the better it fits
  • 00:31:56
    him
  • 00:32:03
    gratitude is not only the greatest of
  • 00:32:05
    Virtues but the parent of all
  • 00:32:14
    others for books are more than books
  • 00:32:17
    they are the life the very heart and
  • 00:32:20
    core of Ages past the reason why men
  • 00:32:23
    worked and died the essence and Quint
  • 00:32:27
    Ence of their
  • 00:32:33
    lives as for myself I can only exhort
  • 00:32:37
    you to look on friendship as the most
  • 00:32:38
    valuable of all human possessions no
  • 00:32:42
    other being equally suited to the moral
  • 00:32:44
    nature of man or so applicable to every
  • 00:32:47
    state and Circumstance whether of
  • 00:32:49
    prosperity or adversity in which she can
  • 00:32:53
    possibly be placed but at the same time
  • 00:32:56
    I lay get down as a fundamental Axiom
  • 00:32:59
    the true friendship can only subsist
  • 00:33:01
    between those who are animated by the
  • 00:33:04
    strictest principles of honor and virtue
  • 00:33:07
    when I say this I would not be thought
  • 00:33:10
    to adopt the sentiments of those
  • 00:33:11
    speculative moralists who pretend that
  • 00:33:13
    no man can justly be deemed virtuous who
  • 00:33:16
    is not arrived at the state of absolute
  • 00:33:18
    perfection which constitutes according
  • 00:33:20
    to their ideas the character of genuine
  • 00:33:24
    wisdom this opinion may appear true
  • 00:33:26
    perhaps in theory but is altogether
  • 00:33:29
    inapplicable to any useful purpose of
  • 00:33:32
    society as it supposes a degree of
  • 00:33:34
    virtue to which no mortal was ever
  • 00:33:36
    capable of
  • 00:33:38
    [Music]
  • 00:33:43
    rising a mental stain can neither be
  • 00:33:45
    blotted out by the passage of time nor
  • 00:33:48
    washed away by any
  • 00:33:55
    Waters it would be better for me that
  • 00:33:58
    the multitudes of men should disagree
  • 00:34:00
    with me rather than that I being one
  • 00:34:04
    should be out of harmony with
  • 00:34:07
    [Music]
  • 00:34:12
    myself in every one of us there are two
  • 00:34:14
    ruling directing principles whose
  • 00:34:17
    guidance we follow wherever they may
  • 00:34:19
    lead the one being an innate desire of
  • 00:34:23
    pleasure the other an AC quied judgment
  • 00:34:26
    which is spires after
  • 00:34:28
    [Music]
  • 00:34:32
    excellence and so they grow richer and
  • 00:34:35
    richer and the more they think of making
  • 00:34:38
    a fortune the less they think of virtue
  • 00:34:41
    for when riches and virtue are placed
  • 00:34:43
    together in the scales of the balance
  • 00:34:45
    the one always Rises as the other
  • 00:34:50
    [Music]
  • 00:34:53
    Falls esteemed friend citizen of Athens
  • 00:34:57
    the greatest city in the world so
  • 00:35:00
    outstanding in both intelligence and
  • 00:35:02
    power aren't you ashamed to care so much
  • 00:35:05
    to make all the money you can and to
  • 00:35:07
    advance your reputation and Prestige
  • 00:35:10
    while for truth and wisdom and the
  • 00:35:12
    Improvement of your soul you have no
  • 00:35:14
    care or
  • 00:35:20
    worry anyone who holds a true opinion
  • 00:35:23
    without understanding it is like a blind
  • 00:35:25
    man on the right
  • 00:35:30
    Road I honor and love you but why do you
  • 00:35:34
    who are citizens of the Great and Mighty
  • 00:35:36
    Nation care so much about laying up the
  • 00:35:39
    greatest amount of money and honor and
  • 00:35:41
    reputation and so little about wisdom
  • 00:35:44
    and truth and the greatest Improvement
  • 00:35:46
    of the Soul are you not ashamed of these
  • 00:35:50
    I do nothing but go about persuading you
  • 00:35:52
    all old and young alike not to take
  • 00:35:56
    thought for your persons or your
  • 00:35:57
    properties but and chiefly to care about
  • 00:36:00
    the greatest Improvement of the soul I
  • 00:36:03
    tell you that virtue is not given by
  • 00:36:05
    money but that from virtue comes money
  • 00:36:08
    and every other good of man public as
  • 00:36:11
    well as private this is my teaching and
  • 00:36:15
    if this is the doctrine which corrupts
  • 00:36:17
    the youth I am a mischievous
  • 00:36:25
    person there is only one good knowledge
  • 00:36:29
    and one evil
  • 00:36:37
    ignorance false words are not only evil
  • 00:36:39
    in themselves but they infect the soul
  • 00:36:42
    with
  • 00:36:47
    evil I did not care for the things that
  • 00:36:50
    most people care about making money
  • 00:36:53
    having a comfortable home High military
  • 00:36:55
    are cival r Rank and all other
  • 00:36:58
    activities political appointments secret
  • 00:37:01
    societies party organizations which go
  • 00:37:04
    on in our city I set myself to do you
  • 00:37:07
    each one of you individually and in
  • 00:37:10
    private what I hold to be the greatest
  • 00:37:12
    possible
  • 00:37:13
    service I try to persuade each one of
  • 00:37:16
    you to concern himself less with what he
  • 00:37:18
    has than with what he is so as to render
  • 00:37:22
    himself as excellent and rational as
  • 00:37:25
    possible
  • 00:37:31
    bad men live that they may eat and drink
  • 00:37:34
    whereas good men eat and drink that they
  • 00:37:37
    may
  • 00:37:42
    live if the head and body are to be well
  • 00:37:46
    you must begin by curing the soul that
  • 00:37:49
    is the first and essential thing and the
  • 00:37:52
    care of the soul my dear youth has to be
  • 00:37:54
    affected by the use of certain charms
  • 00:37:57
    and these charms are fair words and by
  • 00:38:00
    them Temperance is implanted in the soul
  • 00:38:03
    and where Temperance comes and stays
  • 00:38:05
    there health is speedily imparted not
  • 00:38:09
    only to the head but to the whole
  • 00:38:17
    body understanding a question is half an
  • 00:38:22
    [Music]
  • 00:38:25
    answer when my sons are grown up I would
  • 00:38:28
    ask you my friends to punish them and I
  • 00:38:31
    would have you trouble them as I have
  • 00:38:33
    troubled you if they seem to care about
  • 00:38:36
    riches or anything more than about
  • 00:38:38
    virtue or if they pretend to be
  • 00:38:40
    something when they are really nothing
  • 00:38:43
    then reprove them as I have reproved you
  • 00:38:46
    for not caring about that for which they
  • 00:38:48
    ought to care and thinking that they are
  • 00:38:50
    something when they are really nothing
  • 00:38:53
    and if you do this I and my sons will
  • 00:38:56
    will I receive Justice at your
  • 00:39:03
    hands I cannot teach anybody anything I
  • 00:39:06
    can only make them
  • 00:39:11
    [Music]
  • 00:39:13
    think no man has the right to be an
  • 00:39:16
    amateur in the matter of physical
  • 00:39:18
    training it is a shame for a man to grow
  • 00:39:21
    old without seeing the beauty and
  • 00:39:23
    strength of which his body is capable
  • 00:39:32
    contentment is natural wealth luxury is
  • 00:39:35
    artificial
  • 00:39:41
    poverty I decided that it is not wisdom
  • 00:39:44
    that enables poets to write their poetry
  • 00:39:47
    but a kind of instinct or inspiration
  • 00:39:50
    such as you find in seers and Prophets
  • 00:39:53
    Who deliver all their Sublime messages
  • 00:39:55
    without knowing in the least what they
  • 00:40:03
    mean men generally agree that the
  • 00:40:05
    highest good attainable by action is
  • 00:40:08
    happiness and identify living well and
  • 00:40:11
    doing well with
  • 00:40:18
    happiness no one is able to attain the
  • 00:40:21
    truth adequately while on the other hand
  • 00:40:25
    no one fails in time
  • 00:40:27
    but everyone says something true about
  • 00:40:29
    the nature of all things and while
  • 00:40:31
    individually they contribute little or
  • 00:40:33
    nothing to the truth by the union of all
  • 00:40:37
    a considerable amount is
  • 00:40:44
    amassed the man who is truly good and
  • 00:40:46
    sensible Bears all fortunes we presume
  • 00:40:50
    becomingly and always does what is
  • 00:40:52
    noblest under the
  • 00:40:55
    circumstances
  • 00:41:01
    some identify happiness with virtue some
  • 00:41:04
    with practical wisdom others with a kind
  • 00:41:07
    of philosophical wisdom others add or
  • 00:41:10
    exclude pleasures and yet others include
  • 00:41:14
    Prosperity we agree with those who
  • 00:41:16
    identify happiness with virtue for
  • 00:41:19
    virtue belongs with virtuous behavior
  • 00:41:21
    and virtue is only known by its
  • 00:41:25
    Acts
  • 00:41:31
    the wise man does not expose himself
  • 00:41:33
    needlessly to Danger since there are few
  • 00:41:36
    things for which he cares sufficiently
  • 00:41:38
    but he is willing in great crisis to
  • 00:41:42
    give even his life knowing that under
  • 00:41:44
    certain conditions it is not worthwhile
  • 00:41:47
    to
  • 00:41:49
    [Music]
  • 00:41:53
    live we should not only be grateful to
  • 00:41:56
    to those whose opinions we share but
  • 00:41:58
    also to those who have gone astray for
  • 00:42:01
    even the latter have contributed
  • 00:42:03
    something since they have prepared the
  • 00:42:06
    condition for
  • 00:42:12
    us no happy man can become miserable for
  • 00:42:16
    he will never do acts that are hateful
  • 00:42:18
    and
  • 00:42:23
    [Music]
  • 00:42:24
    mean oh men seek one goal success or
  • 00:42:29
    happiness the only way to achieve true
  • 00:42:32
    success is to express yourself
  • 00:42:34
    completely in service to society first
  • 00:42:38
    have a definite clear practical ideal a
  • 00:42:42
    goal an
  • 00:42:44
    objective second have the necessary
  • 00:42:46
    means to achieve your ends wisdom money
  • 00:42:50
    materials and
  • 00:42:52
    methods third adjust all your means to
  • 00:42:56
    that that
  • 00:43:02
    end every art in every inquiry and
  • 00:43:05
    similarly every action and pursuit is
  • 00:43:08
    thought to aim at some good and for this
  • 00:43:11
    reason the good has been declared to be
  • 00:43:14
    that at which all things
  • 00:43:22
    aim if there is some end in the things
  • 00:43:24
    we do which we desire for its own sake
  • 00:43:28
    clearly this must be the chief good
  • 00:43:31
    knowing this will have a great influence
  • 00:43:33
    on how we live our
  • 00:43:41
    lives if things are good in themselves
  • 00:43:44
    the good will appear as something
  • 00:43:46
    identical in them all but the accounts
  • 00:43:49
    of the goodness in honor wisdom and
  • 00:43:51
    pleasure are diverse the good therefore
  • 00:43:55
    is not some common element answering to
  • 00:43:58
    one
  • 00:44:03
    idea we praise the reason or rational
  • 00:44:07
    part of the Soul because it exalts a
  • 00:44:09
    right and to the best cause but clearly
  • 00:44:12
    there is in them besides the reason some
  • 00:44:15
    other natural principle which fights
  • 00:44:17
    with and strains against the
  • 00:44:25
    reason it is absurd to make external
  • 00:44:28
    circumstances responsible and not
  • 00:44:30
    oneself and to make oneself responsible
  • 00:44:33
    for Noble acts and pleasant objects
  • 00:44:36
    responsible for base
  • 00:44:40
    [Music]
  • 00:44:43
    ones we punish a man for his ignorance
  • 00:44:47
    if he is thought to be responsible for
  • 00:44:49
    his
  • 00:44:54
    ignorance
  • 00:44:56
    everything done by reason of ignorance
  • 00:44:59
    is
  • 00:45:00
    involuntary the man who has acted in
  • 00:45:02
    ignorance has not acted voluntarily
  • 00:45:05
    since he did not know what he is doing
  • 00:45:08
    not every Wicked Man is ignorant of what
  • 00:45:10
    he ought to do and what he ought to
  • 00:45:12
    abstain from by such errors men become
  • 00:45:16
    unjust and
  • 00:45:23
    bad it is the mark of an educated man to
  • 00:45:26
    look for Precision in each class of
  • 00:45:29
    thing in so far as its nature
  • 00:45:37
    admits there are three things which
  • 00:45:39
    Inspire confidence in the orator own
  • 00:45:41
    character the three namely that induce
  • 00:45:44
    us to believe a thing apart from any
  • 00:45:47
    proof of it good sense good moral
  • 00:45:51
    character and good
  • 00:45:54
    will
  • 00:45:57
    [Music]
  • 00:45:59
    even if there be one good which is
  • 00:46:01
    universally predictable or is capable of
  • 00:46:03
    independent
  • 00:46:05
    existence it could not be attained by
  • 00:46:10
    [Music]
  • 00:46:13
    man it is absurd to hold that a man
  • 00:46:16
    ought to be ashamed of being unable to
  • 00:46:18
    defend himself with his limbs but not of
  • 00:46:21
    being unable to defend himself with
  • 00:46:23
    speech and reason when the use of
  • 00:46:27
    rational speech is more distinctive of a
  • 00:46:29
    human being than the use of his
  • 00:46:32
    Limbs and if it to be objected that one
  • 00:46:35
    who uses such power of speech unjustly
  • 00:46:38
    might do great harm that is a charge
  • 00:46:41
    which may be made in common against all
  • 00:46:44
    good things except virtue and above all
  • 00:46:47
    against the things that are most useful
  • 00:46:49
    as strength health wealth
  • 00:46:53
    generalship a man can confer the Great
  • 00:46:55
    greatest of benefits by a right use of
  • 00:46:58
    these and inflict the greatest of
  • 00:47:00
    injuries by using them
  • 00:47:09
    wrongly if we consider the function of
  • 00:47:11
    man to be a certain kind of life and
  • 00:47:14
    this to be an activity of the Soul
  • 00:47:16
    implying a rational principle and the
  • 00:47:19
    function of a good man to be the noble
  • 00:47:21
    performance of these and if any action
  • 00:47:24
    is well performed when it is performed
  • 00:47:26
    in accordance with the appropriate
  • 00:47:28
    principle if this is the case human good
  • 00:47:32
    turns out to be the activity of the soul
  • 00:47:34
    in accordance with
  • 00:47:41
    virtue politics appears to be the master
  • 00:47:44
    of art for it includes so many others
  • 00:47:47
    and its purpose is the good of man while
  • 00:47:50
    it is worthy to perfect one man it is
  • 00:47:53
    finer and more Godlike to affect a
  • 00:47:57
    [Music]
  • 00:48:02
    nation there are three prominent types
  • 00:48:05
    of Life pleasure political and
  • 00:48:08
    contemplative the mass of mankind is
  • 00:48:11
    slavish in their tastes preferring a
  • 00:48:14
    life suitable to beasts they have some
  • 00:48:17
    ground for this view since they are
  • 00:48:19
    imitating many of those in high
  • 00:48:22
    places people of superior refinement
  • 00:48:25
    identify happiness with honor or virtue
  • 00:48:29
    and generally the political
  • 00:48:36
    life political science spends most of
  • 00:48:39
    its pains on forming its citizens to be
  • 00:48:42
    of good character and capable of noble
  • 00:48:50
    acts the life of moneymaking is one
  • 00:48:53
    undertaken under compulsion
  • 00:48:56
    since wealth is not the good we are
  • 00:48:57
    seeking and is merely useful for the
  • 00:49:00
    sake of something
  • 00:49:07
    else knowledge is not necessarily for
  • 00:49:10
    the possession of Virtues whereas the
  • 00:49:12
    habits which result from doing just and
  • 00:49:15
    temperate acts counts for all by doing
  • 00:49:18
    just acts the just man is produced by
  • 00:49:22
    doing temperate acts the temperate man
  • 00:49:25
    without acting well no one can become
  • 00:49:28
    good most people avoid good acts and
  • 00:49:31
    take refuge in theory and think that by
  • 00:49:35
    becoming philosophers they will become
  • 00:49:43
    good if the virtues are neither passions
  • 00:49:46
    nor facilities All That Remains is that
  • 00:49:49
    they should be states of
  • 00:49:51
    [Music]
  • 00:49:54
    character
  • 00:49:57
    virtue is a state of character concerned
  • 00:49:59
    with choice being determined by rational
  • 00:50:02
    Principle as determined by the moderate
  • 00:50:05
    man of practical
  • 00:50:11
    wisdom the end being what we wish for
  • 00:50:15
    the means what we deliberate about and
  • 00:50:18
    we choose our actions voluntarily the
  • 00:50:20
    exercise of Virtues is concerned with
  • 00:50:23
    means and therefore
  • 00:50:26
    both virtue and vice are in our
  • 00:50:34
    power death is the most terrible of all
  • 00:50:37
    things for it is the end and nothing is
  • 00:50:40
    thought to be either good or bad for the
  • 00:50:48
    Dead all men agree that a just
  • 00:50:51
    distribution must be according to Merit
  • 00:50:53
    in some sense they do not specify the
  • 00:50:56
    same sort of Merit but Democrats
  • 00:50:58
    identify with free men supporters of
  • 00:51:00
    oligarchy with wealth or Noble birth and
  • 00:51:04
    supporters of aristocracy with
  • 00:51:12
    Excellence when a distribution is made
  • 00:51:14
    from the common funds of a partnership
  • 00:51:16
    it will be according to the same ratio
  • 00:51:19
    which the funds were put into the
  • 00:51:20
    business by the partners and any
  • 00:51:23
    violation of this kind of Justice would
  • 00:51:25
    be an
  • 00:51:33
    injustice people are different and
  • 00:51:35
    unequal and yet must somehow be equated
  • 00:51:39
    this is why all things that are
  • 00:51:40
    exchanged must be comparable and to this
  • 00:51:43
    end money has been introduced as an
  • 00:51:46
    intermediate for it measures all things
  • 00:51:50
    in truth demand holds things together
  • 00:51:53
    and without it there would be no
  • 00:52:01
    exchange there are three kinds of
  • 00:52:04
    constitution monarchy
  • 00:52:07
    aristocracy and that based on Prosperity
  • 00:52:11
    ocratic the best is monarchy the worst
  • 00:52:14
    is
  • 00:52:15
    democratic monarchy deviates to tyranny
  • 00:52:19
    the king looks to his people's interest
  • 00:52:21
    the Tyrant looks to his
  • 00:52:23
    own aristocracy passes over to oligarchy
  • 00:52:27
    by the Badness of its rulers who
  • 00:52:29
    distribute contrary to equity most of
  • 00:52:32
    the good things go to themselves an
  • 00:52:34
    office always to the same people paying
  • 00:52:37
    most regard to wealth thus the rulers
  • 00:52:40
    are few and are bad men instead of the
  • 00:52:43
    most
  • 00:52:44
    worthy democracy passes over to
  • 00:52:47
    democracy since both are ruled by the
  • 00:52:51
    [Music]
  • 00:52:54
    majority
  • 00:52:57
    of those we have wronged and of our
  • 00:52:59
    enemies or Rivals it is not the
  • 00:53:02
    passionate and outspoken who we have to
  • 00:53:04
    fear but the quiet dissembling
  • 00:53:08
    unscrupulous since we never know when
  • 00:53:10
    they are upon us we can never be sure
  • 00:53:13
    they are at a safe
  • 00:53:15
    [Music]
  • 00:53:21
    distance when people are feeling
  • 00:53:23
    friendly imp placable they often think
  • 00:53:25
    one sort of thing when they are feeling
  • 00:53:28
    angry or hostile they think either
  • 00:53:30
    something totally different or the same
  • 00:53:33
    thing with a different
  • 00:53:39
    intensity
Tag
  • Virtue
  • Happiness
  • Education
  • Wisdom
  • Moderation
  • Self-care
  • Philosophy
  • Character
  • Moral Excellence
  • Personal Development