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hello and welcome to this online
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introduction to BPMN my name is Michal
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Bromley and I will present you what is
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BPMN and how to use it
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ppm n stands for Business Process Model
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and notation it is an object management
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group specification the primary goal of
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BPM n is to provide a graphical notation
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that is understandable by all business
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users from the business analysts that
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create the initial drafts of the
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processes to the technical developers
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responsible for implementing the
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technology that will perform those
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processes and finally to the business
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people who will manage and monitor those
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processes the BPM and specification is
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standardized by iso/iec BPMN provides
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multiple diagrams which are defined for
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the people who design and manage
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business processes BPMN follows the
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tradition of flow charting notations for
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readability and flexibility in addition
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the BPMN execution semantics are fully
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formalized a process is a sequence or
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flow of activities with the objective of
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carrying out work in BPM M a process is
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depicted as a graph of flow elements
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which are a set of activities events and
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gateways connected using sequence flows
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in this example somebody is feeling
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hungry
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so he decides to order a pizza and wait
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for the pizza to be delivered within 1
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hour when the pizza is received
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he pays and it's the pizza filling
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satisfied a sequence flow is used to
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show the order of flow elements in a
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process each sequence flow has only one
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source and only one target the source
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and target must be events activities or
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gateways a sequence flow is a solid line
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with an arrowhead this is called also
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unconditional sequence flow a sequence
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flow can optionally define a condition
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expression indicating that the flow will
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be taken if the expression evaluates to
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true the source of a conditional
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sequence flow can be a gateway or an
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activity when the source is an activity
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the sequence flow is drawn with a
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diamond marker a sequence flow can also
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be defined as default such a sequence
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flow will have a slash marker the
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default sequence flow is taken only if
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all other outgoing sequence flows are
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not valid that is their condition
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expression evaluate false note that if a
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default flow is present then all other
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flows must be conditional however
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conditional flows can be mixed with
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unconditional flows activities represent
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points in a process flow where work is
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performed
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they are the executable elements of a
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BPMN process an activity can be atomic
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or non atomic tasks are atomic
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activities while non-atomic activities
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include sub processes and collectivities
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a task is an atomic activity within a
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process flow a task is used when the
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work in the process cannot be broken
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down to a final level of detail there
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are different types of tasks identified
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by a marker at the top left of the task
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a task without a marker is called
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abstract task it is a generic task a
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service task is a task that uses some
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sort of service which could be a web
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service or an automated application a
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scent ask is designed to send a message
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once the message has been sent the task
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is completed a receive task will wait
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for the message to arrive once the
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message has been received the task is
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completed a user task is a typical
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workflow task where a human performs the
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task with the assistance of a software
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application a manual task is expected to
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be performed without the aid of any
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software application a business rule
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task is a mechanism for the process to
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provide input to a business rules engine
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and to get the output of calculation
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that the business rules engines might
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provide a script task is executed by a
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business process engine the script is
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defined in a language that the engine
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can interpret a sub process is an
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activity whose internal details have
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been modeled using activities gateways
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events and sequence flows as a process
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is a graphical object within a process
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as a process can be in a collapsed view
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that hides its details or it can be in
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an expanded view that shows its details
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within the view of the process in which
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it is contained there are different
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types of sub processes an embedded sub
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process is part of the normal flow of
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the parent process it is triggered by
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its incoming sequence flows an event sub
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process is a specialized sub process it
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is not part of the normal flow of its
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parent process hence there are no
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incoming or outgoing sequence flows like
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a standard sub process which uses the
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flow of the parent process as a trigger
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an event sub process has a start event
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trigger each time the start event is
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triggered while the parent process is
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active then the event sub process will
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start a transaction is a specialized
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type of sub process that will have a
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special behavior controlled through a
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transaction protocol like the embedded
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sub process it is part of the normal
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flow of the parent process an adult sub
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process is a specialized type of sub
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process that is a group of activities
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that have no required sequence
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relationships
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this means that activities within the a
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dog sub process are generally
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disconnected from each other a
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collectivity identifies a point in the
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process where a global process or a
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global task is used the activation of a
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collectivity results in the transfer of
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control to the cult global process or
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global task a global process is a
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process that can be called from another
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process a global task is a task that can
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be reused or called in different
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processes it can be an abstract user
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manual script or board business rule
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tasks an event is something that happens
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during the course of a process events
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affect the flow of the process the start
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of a process the end of a process a
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message that arrives a timer that fires
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could be considered as events there are
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three main types of events start and an
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intermediate the start event indicates
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where a process will start the state
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event starts the flow of the process and
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thus it cannot have any incoming
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sequence flows the end event indicates
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where a process will end the end event
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ends the flow of the process and thus it
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will not have any outgoing sequence
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flows intermediate events indicate where
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something happens somewhere between the
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start and the end of a process they will
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affect the flow of the process but will
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not start or terminate the process
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an intermediate event can be attached to
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the boundary of an activity this is
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called a boundary event in this example
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the triggering of signal one while a one
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is being executed will result in the
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interruption of the call activity and
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the flow to T two will be taken an event
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can catch a trigger or throw a result
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start and intermediate catch events can
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catch triggers while and an intermediate
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throw events can throw results both
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triggering result are represented by
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event definitions let's have a quick
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look at some event definitions messages
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are used to describe communication
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between different processes this is a
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one-to-one type of communication a
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message can be thrown by an intermediate
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and an event it can be caught by start
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and intermediate events signals are used
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for broadcast communication within and
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across processes this is a one-to-many
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type of communication a signal can be
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thrown by intermediate and end events it
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can be caught by start and intermediate
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events timers are implicitly thrown
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meaning there are no throw events for
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timers when they are activated they wait
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for a time to elapse before triggering
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the catch event a timer can be caught by
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start and intermediate events the table
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shows all available bpmn event
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definitions and the type of events they
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apply to gateways are used to control
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the flow of a process the term gateway
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implies that there is a gating mechanism
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that either allows or denies passage
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through the Gateway the Gateway controls
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the flow of both diverging and
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converging sequence flows meaning that
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it can have multiple input and multiple
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output flows the type of gateways are
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exclusive parallel inclusive complex and
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invent based
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a diverging exclusive gateway or
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decision is used to create alternative
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paths within a process flow only one of
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the paths can be taken a decision can be
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thought of as a question that is asked
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at a particular point in the process the
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question has a defined set of
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alternative answers each answer is
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associated with an outgoing sequence
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flow in the example either alternative 1
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or 2 can be true but not both if neither
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of them is true than the default path is
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taken leading to T 3 when a path is
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taken all other paths will no longer be
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valid a converging exclusive gateway is
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used to merge alternative paths each
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incoming sequence flow is routed to the
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outgoing sequence flow without
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synchronization in the example if the
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flow from T 4 has been taken first the
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Gateway will trigger without waiting for
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the flow from T 5 to arrive a parallel
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gateway is used to create and combine
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parallel flows a diverging parallel
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gateway creates parallel paths without
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checking any conditions each outgoing
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sequence flow is taken upon execution of
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this gateway the converging parallel
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gateway will wait for all incoming flows
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before triggering unlike the exclusive
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gateway the converging parallel gateway
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will synchronize its incoming flows a
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diverging inclusive gateway or inclusive
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decision can be used to create
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alternative but also parallel paths
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within a process flow unlike the
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exclusive gateway all condition
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expressions are evaluated all paths with
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expression evaluating to true are taken
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this means that all combinations of the
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paths may be taken from 0 to all
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however the Gateway should be designed
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so that at least one path is taken a
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default path can actually be defined to
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be
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taken if none of the conditional
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expressions evaluate to true in the
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example both expressions 1 & 2 are
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evaluated both paths are taken if the
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expression evaluate to true if neither
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of them evaluates to true then the
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default path will be taken leading to t3
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a converging inclusive gateway is used
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to merge a combination of alternative
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and parallel paths a flow arriving at an
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inclusive gateway may be synchronized
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with some other flows that arrived later
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at this gateway in the example if the
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flow from t4 arrives at the gateway it
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may or may not trigger the Gateway the
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Gateway is triggered if there is no
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other flow in the process that can
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arrive at the gateway via t5 here the
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Gateway waits for both flows from t4 and
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t5 before triggering in the divergent
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complex gateway the paths to be taken
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are determined by the condition
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expressions in the outgoing sequence
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flows same as in the inclusive gateway a
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converging complex gateway can be used
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to model complex synchronization
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behavior an expression is used to
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describe the precise behavior for
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example the expression could specify
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that one out of the two incoming
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sequence flows from t4 and t5 is needed
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to activate the Gateway in this case
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taking either of the paths will trigger
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the Gateway the event base gateway
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represents a branching point in the
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process where the alternative paths that
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follow the Gateway are based on events
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that occur rather than the evaluation of
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expressions is whittany exclusive or
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inclusive gateway a specific event
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determines the path that will be taken
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when the first event in the event
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gateway configuration is triggered then
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the path that follows that event will be
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taken all the remaining paths of the
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Gateway will no longer be valid
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basically the event gateway acts as an
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exclusive gateway triggered by
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unlike other gateways the event-based
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gateway can be only divergent in this
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example if message 1 is received its
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path will be taken the other paths will
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no longer be valid a traditional
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requirement of process modeling is to be
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able to model items physical or
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information items that are created
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manipulated and used during the
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execution of a process this requirement
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is realized in BPMN through various
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constructs including data objects data
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inputs data outputs data stores and data
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associations these constructs do not
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affect the flow of the process a
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collaboration is used to describe the
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interaction between participants it
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usually contains two or more pools
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representing the participants in the
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collaboration a message exchanged
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between the participants is shown by
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message flows that connect the pools or
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the elements within the pools a pool is
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a graphical representation of a
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participant in a collaboration a
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participant can be a specific partner
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entity example a company or can be a
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more general partner role example a
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customer or a vendor the pool may be
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shown as a white box with all details of
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the contained process exposed like the
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vendor in this example or it can be
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shown as a black box with all details
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hidden like the customer a lane is a sub
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partition within a process often within
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a pool lanes are used to organize and
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categorize activities of a process
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within a pool the meaning of the lanes
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is up to the modular lanes are often
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used for such things as internal roles
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in this example the delivery boy is an
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internal role of the vendor its role
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consists in delivering the pizza to the
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customer
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a message flow is used to show the flow
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of messages between two participants a
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message flow must connect two separate
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pools they connect either to the pool
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boundary or to flow elements within the
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pool
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they must not connect to elements within
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the same pool let's put everything
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together in a simple example this bpmn
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model describes the collaboration
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between two participants the customer
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and the vendor both pools representing
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the participants are shown as a white
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box with their internal processes
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visible the vendor process is organized
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in three roles represented by the lanes
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clerk chef and delivery boy the
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collaboration starts with a customer
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feeling hungry so he decides to order a
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pizza the pizza order will start the
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vendor process customer and vendor
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processes can proceed in parallel the
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customer will now wait for the pizza if
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the pizza is not received within 60
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minutes he will complain in the vendor
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process the clerk is waiting for
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complaints while the chef is preparing
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the pizza let's make the customer
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complain
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the clerk will try to calm the customer
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by reassuring him that his pizza will be
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arriving soon enough complaining the
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pizza should be ready now it can be
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delivered to the customer the customer
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received the pizza now he can pay get
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the received and finally eat the pizza
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feeling satisfied this animation has
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been done with the pragmatic process
00:19:01
tool check the link in the video
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description to see how to animate and
00:19:05
verify BPM and models thank you for your
00:19:10
attention for more information please
00:19:12
visit our website pragmatic calm
