Pendahuluan mekanika fluida dasar

00:42:51
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTra0HYQe_s

Sintesi

TLDRVideo ini merupakan kuliah mengenai mekanik bendalir yang merangkumi pengenalan asas kepada konsep dan aplikasi dalam bidang kejuruteraan. Pensyarah menerangkan tentang definisi mekanik bendalir yang melibatkan cecair dan gas serta pergerakan dalam sistem-sistem berbeza. Pelbagai fasa bendalir, seperti pepejal, cecair, dan gas, dibincangkan bersama dengan ciri-ciri dan perbezaannya. Video ini juga menyentuh aplikasi dalam industri, termasuk reka bentuk badan kereta melalui simulasi dinamik bendalir komputasi (CFD) dan pengoptimuman turbin angin serta aliran paip dalam konteks kejuruteraan. Selain itu, perbincangan berfokus pada perbezaan antara aliran compressible dan incompressible serta aliran lamina dan turbulen. Akhirnya, kuliah ini memberikan pengetahuan asas tentang sistem, kawalan volum, dan cara mengaplikasikan konsep ini dalam reka bentuk kejuruteraan.

Punti di forza

  • 📘 Pengenalan kepada konsep asas mekanik bendalir.
  • 🌊 Eksplorasi fasa pepejal, cecair, dan gas dalam bendalir.
  • 🚗 Aplikasi CFD dalam reka bentuk aerodinamik kereta dan pesawat.
  • 🔬 Aliran compressible vs incompressible.
  • 🤔 Membezakan antara aliran lamina dan turbulen dalam bendalir.
  • 🏭 Aplikasi dalam industri seperti turbin angin dan sistem paip.
  • 🔍 Penggunaan dimensi MLT dalam analisis mekanik bendalir.
  • 🧩 Penerangan tentang sistem terbuka dan tertutup.
  • 📈 Homogeniti dalam persamaan dimensi.
  • 📚 Rujukan untuk belajar lebih lanjut mengenai mekanik bendalir.

Linea temporale

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    Pengenalan video oleh pensyarah kursus mekanik bendalir, Dr. Sena. Beliau menjelaskan tema asas kursus dan menekankan bahawa mekanik bendalir mengkaji pergerakan bendalir (cecair atau gas) dari perspektif kejuruteraan. Bidang kejuruteraan seperti kejuruteraan awam, alam sekitar, dan terutama kejuruteraan mekanikal serta kimia turut mengkaji mekanik bendalir tetapi dari perspektif sendiri setiap jabatan.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    Dr. Sena menjelaskan keadaan fasa bendalir: pepejal, cecair, dan gas. Beliau memberi contoh air yang membeku menjadi ais sebagai fasa pepejal dan lilin yang mengeras setelah cair. Fasa cecair seperti air biasa atau sirap, manakala fasa gas adalah pergerakan bebas partikel dalam ruang. Dalam konteks kejuruteraan, fokusnya pada fasa cecair dan gas, sementara fasa pepejal mungkin dibahas dalam kursus lain seperti bahan kejuruteraan.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    Penggunaan mekanik bendalir dalam reka bentuk badan kereta menggunakan CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) untuk mengurangkan rintangan. Begitu juga dengan analisis aliran udara sekitar sayap pesawat dan helikopter bagi memastikan tiada kehilangan tenaga angkat yang boleh menyebabkan kemalangan. Turbin angin dan sistem perancangan paip air juga memanfaatkan prinsip mekanik bendalir.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    Klasifikasi aliran bendalir dijelaskan dari segi aliran dalaman (seperti dalam paip) dan aliran luaran (seperti aliran di sekeliling bola tenis). Selain itu, dibincangkan juga mengenai aliran mampatan dan tak mampatan, di mana aliran mampatan berlaku dalam keadaan aliran yang berkembang, dan aliran tak mampatan adalah when parameter seperti ketumpatan adalah tetap.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:25:00

    Jenis-jenis aliran mengikut kelicinan: laminar (perlahan dan teratur), sementara (sebahagian laminar dengan turbulensi sedikit), dan turbulen (rawak dengan kelajuan tinggi). Dalam konteks kejuruteraan, walaupun aliran laminar lebih mudah direka, kadang-kadang diperlukan untuk mengambil kira faktor pembetulan untuk mencapai keadaan sebenar yang lebih hampir dengan aliran turbulen.

  • 00:25:00 - 00:30:00

    Perbincangan mengenai sistem dan volum kawalan. Sistem ditakrifkan sebagai sesuatu yang sedang dikaji, dan boleh dikategorikan kepada sistem tertutup (tiada aliran jisim keluar/masuk) dan sistem terbuka (boleh ada aliran jisim keluar/masuk). Dalam konteks kursus ini, lebih banyak tumpuan diberikan kepada sistem terbuka kerana ia melibatkan proses pengiraan lebih kompleks.

  • 00:30:00 - 00:35:00

    Dimensi asas (MLT dan FLT) dijelaskan, di mana dimensi digunakan untuk menunjukkan pembolehubah seperti pecutan dan kawasan. Persamaan dasar seperti pendaraban dan pembahagian eksponen diterangkan. Dimensi homogen mesti sama antara kedua belah pihak persamaan, dan ini boleh dilihat dalam persamaan seperti GLBB.

  • 00:35:00 - 00:42:51

    Nombor tanpa dimensi digunakan untuk menggambarkan fenomena aliran bendalir tanpa melibatkan ukuran tertentu. Ia penting untuk reka bentuk sistem seperti penukar haba. Contoh nombor ini termasuk Nombor Reynolds dan Nombor Prandtl. Walaupun di peringkat sarjana muda, pemahaman asas tentang penerapan nombor tanpa dimensi dalam perancangan sistem kejuruteraan adalah penting.

Mostra di più

Mappa mentale

Mind Map

Domande frequenti

  • Apakah definisi mekanik bendalir?

    Mekanik bendalir adalah kajian tentang pergerakan bendalir (cecair dan gas) dan pengaruhnya dalam pelbagai sistem.

  • Apakah itu CFD?

    CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) adalah simulasi pergerakan bendalir digunakan untuk reka bentuk objek misalnya badan kereta dan sayap pesawat.

  • Bagaimana mekanik bendalir digunakan dalam industri?

    Ia digunakan dalam reka bentuk sistem paip, turbin angin, pemampat udara, dan banyak lagi untuk memastikan fluks bendalir yang efisien.

  • Apa perbezaan antara aliran bendalir boleh mampat dan tak boleh mampat?

    Aliran boleh mampat melibatkan perubahan dalam parameter bendalir seperti ketumpatan dan suhu, manakala aliran tak boleh mampat parameter ini dianggap konstan.

  • Apakah fasa-fasa bendalir yang dibincangkan?

    Bendalir dikategorikan kepada fasa pepejal, cecair, dan gas.

  • Apa itu turbulensi dalam konteks aliran bendalir?

    Turbulensi merujuk kepada pergerakan bendalir yang tidak teratur dan berkelajuan tinggi, sering membentuk lapisan lapisan bercampur.

  • Bagaimana pemodelan aliran bendalir membantu dalam reka bentuk badan kereta?

    Ia membantu mengurangkan rintangan angin dan meningkatkan efisiensi bahan bakar dengan mensimulasikan pergerakan udara di sekitar rekaan badan kereta.

  • Apa dimaksud dengan sistem tertutup dalam konteks mekanik bendalir?

    Sistem tertutup adalah sistem di mana jisim tidak boleh masuk atau keluar manakala tenaga boleh.

  • Apakah dimensi dan unit penting dalam mekanik bendalir?

    Dua sistem asas ialah MLT (Massa, Panjang, Masa) dan FLT (Kekuatan, Panjang, Masa) bagi menggambarkan dimensi pelbagai pembolehubah.

  • Kenapa penting memahami aliran lamina dan turbulen?

    Memahami aliran lamina dan turbulen membantu dalam merancang dan merekabentuk sistem paip yang lebih efisien.

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Sottotitoli
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Scorrimento automatico:
  • 00:00:00
    Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh peace be upon us
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    All is well today
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    I want to convey a learning video for
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    complete the LMS or learning management system learning process that will
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    carried out this semester for the Lidia 1 mechanics course
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    Today's theme is the introduction and basic concepts of fluid mechanics
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    Let me introduce myself, my name is Sena stmn PHD, I am one of the lecturers
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    teacher from the fluid mechanics teaching team 1
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    enjoy listening
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    OK, next I will explain the basic understanding of
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    fluid mechanics What is meant by fluid mechanics
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    So, full fluid mechanics means the words fluid and mechanics alone
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    It means a substance that is in the form of or is in the liquid phase
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    or gas while mechanical mechanical or mechanical itself can be interpreted
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    as movement or a movement of substance within a
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    There will be a special perspective because of the fluid movement
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    There are various perspectives, so they are usually deep
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    In mechanics, here there is a special perspective or point of view used
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    in reviewing the movement of the fluid
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    Well in this context because we are in an engineering learning course
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    machine then mechanic
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    focus on or directed toward learning movement or movement
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    from a fluid or a gas yes under an engineering specific perspective
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    machine so we focus more on the perspective because some
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    study program or major in the undergraduate program at the university is also studied
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    For example, civil engineering, environmental engineering
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    engineering, especially Chemical Engineering. So, each major studies mechanics
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    fluid but from the perspective of each Engineering department of course in context
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    For example, mechanical engineering will study a different focus from chemical engineering
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    focus on the engineering process, if we use more machines
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    focus on the details of the fluid or fluid mechanics of what happens to it
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    fluid machines such as turbines, pumps, etc
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    etc. there are other environmental techniques
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    This is a very broad aspect of science and can be reviewed from
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    various scientific points of view, well in this context once again I
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    emphasize this mechanical skin or big mechanic we will review more from
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    an engineering point of view of course and from a point of view
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    towards science and engineering
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    OK, next to learn about skin stages or fluid phase conditions
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    the state of the fluid phase. In this case, there are three types, usually the first
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    is the Solid phase code for the Liquid phase and the third is the gas phase. Well, if it's a difficult phase
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    Solid is usually the easiest, for example ice cubes
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    For example, if we freeze water, we put it in
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    in the freezer at home or at the office then
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    s that water will freeze into ice Well that is an example of a solid full day
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    Is that all there are actually many examples of solid fluids for example
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    The wax is a form of wax, so it starts out liquid and then
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    it hardens into a Solid phase and so on
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    Well then the second vaccine is the Liquid phase which is the phase
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    it's in the liquid liquid so it's liquid. For example, plain water, then what else
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    Syrup is the liquid phase, so they are in the liquid phase, meaning what is the substance
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    It occupies a certain container if it was a solid before it had a shape
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    Yes, if it's solid it has a certain shape
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    Meanwhile, for Liquid, it occupies a certain and usual container
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    This liquid will understand the shape of the container. So if the shape of the container is a model like
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    It's like this, if the shape of the container is maybe a triangle, it will turn out like that
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    triangle and so on Now to save phase
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    This gas is different from solids in that the bonds between atoms are very strong
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    if it's full liquid, it's atomic bonds, if it's in liquid phase, it's atomic bonds
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    is more flexible and can move a little freely so he is quite flexible
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    So, in the gas phase, the movement is free, so the movement is free
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    The particles in the video move freely when they are present
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    There are those who go there, those who go here and there are various movements
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    Well, that's why in the context of this gaseous fluid phase when he
  • 00:05:50
    can be placed in a certain container usually it will spread towards
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    in various directions from the container, for example there is a glass, put it
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    The gas here isn't closed, which means the gas will spread in all directions, but...
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    if you put a lid here, that means this gas will spread to
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    this gas will spread in this direction only in this container no
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    everywhere but it will fill the entire space of the container it is in
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    here it is a type of gas phase, well in the context of the engine we will later
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    focus more on just two phases, the first phase is the phase
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    The second liquid phase is the gas phase while the later hard phase is possible
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    will be discussed more in different courses, for example courses
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    engineering materials, for example. Well, focus more on that, later there are several types
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    all kinds of tests will come in
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    discussion on temporary engineering materials courses if so
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    we focus on two types of fluid phases, namely the Liquid phase and
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    gas phase
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    So now what is the application?
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    the area of ​​fluid mechanics itself
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    application
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    One of these areas is the car body design process. Well
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    So, for example, if we look at the cars currently on the market
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    Currently, there are various forms, but apparently before the product
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    This product will be launched on the market by Mas production
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    bulk then the product will usually be plasticized first, well
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    One of the stages of this design and design is using
  • 00:07:52
    This image means there is something called computational fluid dynamics or CFD. Well
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    So the function of this CFD is to simulate fluid movements
  • 00:08:04
    that will hit or pass an object can usually be internal flow or
  • 00:08:09
    flow inside or outside Pro or flow outside in the context of the car body
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    This is the designer or design engineer of the car body
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    This will design the part of the car, the shape of the car body, which is often different
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    so that when in the fluid flow he doesn't experience much resistance or
  • 00:08:30
    collision with language, collision with fluid movement so it has to be
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    streamline perhaps so that he is more first one does not shake
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    For example, what is the name of this car? This car has faced many collisions
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    quotes collision collision of the wind When walking then he will often
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    shakes So it's less comfortable. Second, if there's too much of it
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    gets resistance from the wind or from the surrounding air then it usually will
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    It wastes more fuel because the thrust force is automatically greater. Well
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    that's why it's usually on the planners
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    engine from the design of the car body they will reduce as much as possible
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    obstacles or Dark Force from the folders around the car body
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    the
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    So, next is the application of this mechanic
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    it is in the air flow around the plane or around the helicopter or
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    around the wings of the plane Well so this is it
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    mechanical applications that still use computational dynamics
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    fluid or cfd yes competational skin from mix Well so it turns out if it's deep
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    analysis process
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    the flow of air around a plane or a plane wing or in a helicopter then
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    usually used too
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    Why because this ensures when the plane or helicopter
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    these are used they do not experience style or
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    not losing lift Why is it always dangerous Well if
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    because until the plane or helicopter loses lift
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    unable to fly properly or with
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    it should be possible to cause it to happen
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    accident or accident So that's why to minimize these assets
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    It takes knowledge called fluid mechanisms to simulate or
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    predicting what the motion of fluid flow will be like in objects such as planes
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    I am a plane or helicopter so the results are for a design engineer
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    and the machine is able to minimize the occurrence
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    accidents on a plane crash or crash on a plane or
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    helicopter
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    in addition to applications of computational fluid dynamics
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    in this course there are other more practical applications, for example
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    definitely in the wind turbine section, for example, in this wind turbine section
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    very important because during the wind turbine design process it is necessary
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    determined How many blades How wide of the Blade or what the propeller
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    of the wind turbine. How wide is it and
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    what is it called when the propeller is installed How much
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    The output results are approximate. Well, it's all calculated using principles
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    mechanism or for example in the example of typing and
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    planning system, well, this also has to use faces as well as later
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    for example, the length of the pipe. How much pump power is needed then when
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    For example, if there is damage, what should be done?
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    detect the pressure, how to design the length of the pipe so that
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    the pressure matches the power of the pump and so on
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    part of the science of fluid mechanics, another example, for example in applications
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    industry, for example industrial applications that use
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    there are many examples, for example air pipes, what are they called?
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    Yes, an air compressor in an industrial system is a must
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    uses a fluid mechanical system so later the design will be done one by one
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    The floor plan of an industrial building is here, right?
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    what is it called, there is already flow in the compressor. Well, that's what the construction will look like
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    What is the direction of the flow when, for example, it is installed in a building
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    What industry does the procedure take place in when a drop occurs? Is it then?
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    The flow will still be able to reach the required place, for example
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    in what building, production building A, for example, requires air, for example, inside
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    capacity, for example 100 M3 per second, for example it turns out there is a drop depression there
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    So, can we still meet the needs of the production building or?
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    No. Well, that is one of the applications of fluid mechanics
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    So, the following is a classification of fluid flow that usually occurs in
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    whether the flow is internal in a pipe or external
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    Let's just take it in general first, because it's still early in the classification
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    The fluid flow is viscose and it's easy to visit this viscose
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    is he has internal resistance or there is
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    turbulence in the fluid flow or what is the simple language?
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    There is viscosity
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    while the presence or absence of viscosity
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    internal upheaval from the video stream, nah
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    Approximately in the context of fairly frequent flows does his cost occur
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    or visit, well, usually in the context of practical understanding, yes, if that's the case
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    Practically, this means, for example, if a fluid flow is stable
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    There's a pipe here, for example
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    Think of it as a pipe, even though it looks like this
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    Well, here is a pipe, for example the pipe is long enough so...
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    enters the phase or condition of the develop flow pulley or existing flow
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    fully developed Well then now we have reached the full developed flow then
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    We can assume that this Pro flow is visit in nature, meaning
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    without any internal upheaval from the video itself. Meanwhile, if the viscose is on
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    Here, yes, there was turbulence, for example at the beginning of his flow he was still in his flow
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    like this, for example. Well, at the beginning the flow is still in shape
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    is it irregular or still shaped like this, for example, it looks like
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    the difference is a box, for example
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    for example, this is what it looks like. Well, this is the beginning of the flow, right?
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    usually there is still a lot of internal struggle or viscosity in the
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    in the video stream it's like buying silence at first
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    pumped in the pipe and then suddenly it has to move because that's why it's in
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    At the beginning, the flow is usually temporary but at the end
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    usually the flow is assumed to be Why then there is this efficient flow
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    actually
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    to then make it easier for us as engineers to design a
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    Fluid flow, for example, every time we are there there is this flow of viscose
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    It's a bit difficult in the design process. Well, that's why if you learn, for example
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    Later you will specialize in what area the difference is
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    Well, in the plumbing handbook, it's usually assumed to be full
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    It's efficient. Why is it easier to design? It's designed, that's why it's usually deep
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    practical approach, yes. So there are two approaches here, scientific approach
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    fluid mechanisms and there is a practical engineering approach in research
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    practical engineering Usually we use a deficit approach, why do we?
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    Just ignore what those internal struggles were
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    we focus on the flow which is characterized by no turbulence until now
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    we find it easier in our writing to design cotton pumps and so on
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    so on in fluid mechanics systems
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    well next for flow type flow from point of view
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    Where the flow is, there is internal flow and there is external flow. Well, if that's the case
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    You guys, internal flow is the flow inside an object or body or system
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    in the system, for example pipes
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    and usually this internal flow is limited space or something
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    It's called limited space because it's deep
  • 00:17:31
    Just type. For example, there is a skin flow in this fan. Yes, that means that flow
  • 00:17:38
    So this is in the pipe that we are looking at while this is external flow
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    its nature is outside the body or system so it is outside the body or outside of
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    For example, the system we are reviewing in this context is a tennis ball
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    Tennis means we look at the outside of the tennis ball, well it's like this
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    like this nah [Music]
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    usually in the context of external flow or outside objects then usually he
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    have unlimited space or the space is limited because it is for tennis balls
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    a tennis ball that is rolling or flying through the air then yes
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    as much as the surroundings go into
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    What are the spaces for fluid movement, right? But usually there are
  • 00:18:29
    volume there is a limited volume control volume there so there is an analysis of
  • 00:18:35
    the space from the external flow
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    so for example in the flow
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    The volume counter is temporarily out of our volume control
  • 00:18:47
    ignore it or let's review it or not. Let's just analyze it
  • 00:19:01
    So, in terms of flow, there are two types of flow, compassible flow and flow
  • 00:19:07
    incompressible This is a flow in which
  • 00:19:12
    fluid parameters such as density and
  • 00:19:16
    other parameters such as temperature, fluid velocity
  • 00:19:20
    not constant for compressible ones
  • 00:19:24
    so compressible so compressible Sibel compressable so that's the origin of the word from
  • 00:19:30
    compare compress and hebel so it can be compressed meaning it has intensity and
  • 00:19:36
    many other variables are always changing
  • 00:19:39
    then well usually this compressible flow
  • 00:19:43
    occurs in Liquid flow or internal fluid flow
  • 00:19:47
    developing flowry This is a developing condition
  • 00:20:02
    So, if this is a developing condition, developing the velocity profile will start
  • 00:20:07
    develop when this has recovered develop velocity profile has fully developed
  • 00:20:10
    Well, usually for compressible ones, flow occurs under these conditions, though
  • 00:20:15
    It's not always the theoretical way, why is it because it's in the develop file
  • 00:20:20
    this is without good his speed and so on still keeps changing him
  • 00:20:26
    all the time because it's still developing, it's still developing
  • 00:20:29
    Well, usually for streams that have fully developed files, we assume this
  • 00:20:35
    go to info Why do you go to the supplier what is it called go to
  • 00:20:42
    incompressible flow because usually when it is fully developed
  • 00:20:47
    theoretically Yes, both density and other parameters will be more
  • 00:20:52
    constant Well so usually that will happen
  • 00:20:56
    period but is it always constant or not so this is the actual understanding
  • 00:21:03
    this compatible flow is easily made by scientists to make it easier for us in
  • 00:21:07
    If you carry out an analysis of the original fluid mechanism system, it is not certain whether it exists or not
  • 00:21:13
    There are fluids that are completely incompressible
  • 00:21:18
    It is certain that it is close to the average compressible in terms of realistic flow
  • 00:21:24
    fluids then usually they will go into the most compressible
  • 00:21:29
    It seems like most of the cases are. Why?
  • 00:21:33
    like that because that's actually why we have flow
  • 00:21:38
    pressing him to move the fluid from one situation to another
  • 00:21:42
    For example, water from city A to city B must be convertible, what's the name?
  • 00:21:49
    If the fluid flow is not compressible, it cannot be compressed and cannot flow
  • 00:21:52
    That's why the average assumption approach in the real world of engineering
  • 00:21:58
    Usually it's compressible, but this is a bit difficult if, for example, we go deep
  • 00:22:03
    designing temporary analysis designs for all variables
  • 00:22:08
    changes on the one hand we don't use
  • 00:22:10
    the computational or numerical approach is a bit difficult in context
  • 00:22:15
    Technically yes, it may be early planning that is still in nature
  • 00:22:19
    Initial engineering design plans usually only use an approach
  • 00:22:24
    inversible Why, because we determine the length and width of the pipe
  • 00:22:28
    For this type of pipe, we usually use uniform destires even later
  • 00:22:33
    will change in the middle of the road yes But we are at the beginning because it is the same as a Mini first
  • 00:22:37
    Well, so we can design it because if it goes straight into compressible flow it's a bit
  • 00:22:41
    It's difficult to design the design because there are so many parameters that it can even be done
  • 00:22:45
    So the formulas in the books are not all used because they are averages
  • 00:22:50
    For those of you who are compressible, this flow will use what empirical equations
  • 00:22:55
    or empirical equations are equations that are generated in each special case
  • 00:23:00
    For example, fluid flow in pipe A is the equation x + x + y in pipe B
  • 00:23:07
    The equation x+y+1 How can it be different sir, because different streams start from different
  • 00:23:12
    different temperatures, speeds, different types of pipes will differ slightly
  • 00:23:15
    different. So, in the engineering context, what is the approach called?
  • 00:23:21
    design planning for S1 Usually we go more into incompressible
  • 00:23:26
    because later you will plan more
  • 00:23:29
    The design at the beginning is temporary to be implemented when it is running, usually later
  • 00:23:33
    there will be what is called a direct measurement
  • 00:23:37
    It's good to use a method, for example using a simple system, that's all
  • 00:23:42
    position data control system so during that time the fluid flow will be controlled
  • 00:23:49
    you can do that or use a PLC to program the furniture logic controller and so on
  • 00:23:54
    Well, that's why in the context we learn analytically, yes
  • 00:24:00
    theoretical mechanics, so we use more of an approach
  • 00:24:04
    incompressible while compressible itself will be used for example later
  • 00:24:09
    if we have started to enter into the discussion
  • 00:24:12
    computing in fluid makeup or numerical fluid calculations
  • 00:24:18
    So, there are three types of fluid flow based on level
  • 00:24:25
    There are three types of sketer or regularity in short
  • 00:24:34
    the second is transitional flow and the third type is
  • 00:24:39
    this minor
  • 00:24:48
    Usually it occurs at temperatures that are uh sorry speed
  • 00:24:52
    low So it's still slow, it's still slow, yeah, it's still slow, slow motion of the water
  • 00:24:59
    So his movements are still slow and usually he's a layer ant
  • 00:25:04
    Slayer ant means there is a smooth layer of skin so it exists
  • 00:25:11
    a kind of layer but a smooth layer around the skin flow
  • 00:25:15
    For example, if the flow in this pipe is like that
  • 00:25:32
    This side is transitional so that between it there is still laminar but there is turbulance
  • 00:25:38
    a little bit, sometimes it feels like a baby
  • 00:25:43
    yeah so it's unstable it's still unstable so sometimes it's experienced sometimes in it and
  • 00:25:48
    so on, the second is monthly. So if this turbul is random
  • 00:25:53
    Hi police high speed and fluctuating layer so the screen
  • 00:25:57
    fluctuating, we couldn't have done anything else
  • 00:26:02
    So he layers the boundaries, well, enter the name and then there will be the name of the course, but
  • 00:26:08
    It's just turbulence, I've studied this before
  • 00:26:12
    semester month
  • 00:26:22
    if in the context of the reality of fluid flow then some
  • 00:26:27
    big I can say go in on
  • 00:26:32
    all alerts
  • 00:26:36
    there is no such thing, so for example, take the most important example
  • 00:26:40
    It's easy at home, we have drinking water flowing from the center to
  • 00:26:45
    Well, if there is no turbulation, the water cannot reach the house
  • 00:26:50
    whether you or not. Even if it's really small
  • 00:26:55
    Well, actually, we need fast water, right? Fast water, right?
  • 00:26:58
    every day at home. Well, the turbulence there may or may not be the same
  • 00:27:03
    This is the case in industry, for example
  • 00:27:10
    the industry might be aimed at, for example, air compressors if there aren't any
  • 00:27:16
    The contour of the moon, the air compressor won't work, that's not possible
  • 00:27:19
    used in the production process so that's why it has to be a month
  • 00:27:23
    must be realized, however, during the design or engineering process
  • 00:27:30
    Design from the whole context of mechanical engineering is quite difficult
  • 00:27:33
    It's still turbulent, turbulent means that the speed is not uniform, it can't be
  • 00:27:38
    If you use ordinary formulas quickly, you have to use different empirical statistical formulas
  • 00:27:43
    Later, every movement is a formula, all the formulas again and
  • 00:27:48
    this is not bad and if you don't use anything use computing or use it
  • 00:27:55
    numerical or difficult. Well, that's why in the context of learning
  • 00:27:59
    In undergraduate mechanical engineering, we usually use a laminar approach
  • 00:28:03
    there is turbulence but yes, it's small because the introduction is basic
  • 00:28:08
    Really, if it has entered the intermediate stage, it is still tubulent, but if it is one, yes
  • 00:28:13
    because it turns out that even though it is laminar in nature, it is mostly design
  • 00:28:19
    good for designing the pipes in the handbody that they use
  • 00:28:23
    The approach is linear, first laminar, then usually there
  • 00:28:28
    How many correction factors are there to approach this month's conditions?
  • 00:28:33
    For example, the tables already exist, so we will go to the seminar first and then we will have them later
  • 00:28:38
    the correction table is multiplied by how much or raised to the power so that it is close
  • 00:28:42
    There are tables for the turbulent conditions which are already practical
  • 00:28:45
    It's really engineering, while in a scientific context it's in a contest
  • 00:28:50
    Well, then we'll get into the details of the science. But in practical terms
  • 00:28:54
    On average, practical engineering design just uses laminar
  • 00:28:59
    later there can be another correction table since the correction table for later
  • 00:29:02
    close to original condition
  • 00:29:07
    OK, now let's talk a little about systems and control
  • 00:29:10
    volume, although it will be discussed again at the next meeting, but we know
  • 00:29:15
    Now let's just do the basics
  • 00:29:19
    What is the name of the system? The system is something that we review so
  • 00:29:24
    For example, if we have this image, this system is the system
  • 00:29:30
    For example, if you sleep in your room, then what system do you review?
  • 00:29:34
    just your room, you ignore the kitchen, ignore the living room and so on
  • 00:29:38
    that this system is all around that is in place
  • 00:29:42
    For example, if it's your house, that means in your house what are the roundings?
  • 00:29:46
    If you are in the bedroom, the system means that in the bedroom, what is outside is there
  • 00:29:50
    living room, for example the storage room. Yes, for example the bathroom and so on
  • 00:29:54
    is the rounding. Well, the bonderi or the blender, the bonderi
  • 00:29:58
    this is something that demarcates the system you are reviewing with
  • 00:30:01
    around you. Well, in the house, for example in the bedroom, the walls
  • 00:30:06
    The wall in the bedroom is the boundary of the bedroom system
  • 00:30:11
    outside the bedroom is the bedroom wall
  • 00:30:17
    the bedroom is the living room the dining room and so on
  • 00:30:22
    Well, the system can be classified into two types
  • 00:30:31
    system but moving from this system is usually us
  • 00:30:38
    not really discussed in this context
  • 00:30:45
    It's a bit complicated to analyze when you move to commit suicide, right?
  • 00:30:50
    there must be, you must use some numerical application, for example
  • 00:30:54
    integral then differential and then you can calculate from that
  • 00:31:00
    but in context
  • 00:31:03
    Basically, usually we only play around with a few things, full system or open
  • 00:31:08
    system Well, if that system is the system above, it will be this system
  • 00:31:12
    closed so no mass flow can enter and exit
  • 00:31:16
    but energy can What are the examples, for example
  • 00:31:22
    This tank has a tank. We'll put a fire under this tank
  • 00:31:27
    We put a fire under it so that the air in the tank gets hot
  • 00:31:32
    Well this means that in this matter there can be energy coming in and going out
  • 00:31:37
    but we use this so that there is no problem going out so even in
  • 00:31:43
    The air does get hot but there's no problem, can't air get in or not
  • 00:31:46
    Air can come out if the flashlight is closed, but actually if the system is open, for example
  • 00:31:50
    For example, if the nozzle is open, why is it because it can
  • 00:31:55
    entering and leaving energy can enter and exit it is
  • 00:31:59
    open system Well, later for the fluid one we will
  • 00:32:05
    more go to the closed one here or the Open SIM that is open
  • 00:32:10
    which is closed
  • 00:32:15
    occasionally but not much because this has to involve numerical processes
  • 00:32:20
    or computing processes on a computer
  • 00:32:30
    OK, next are the dimensions and units and this machine is actually one
  • 00:32:34
    basics that you need to know before you learn more about
  • 00:32:38
    Frida mechanics, for example, here there is an acceleration variable, yes or
  • 00:32:43
    there is angular acceleration there is angular acceleration and so on Okay Well
  • 00:32:51
    Later, each of these variables will be expressed in dimensional form
  • 00:32:55
    In principle, there are two dimensions, one system is MLT or mass m, Mas is m
  • 00:33:04
    the l is Lang and the t is Time
  • 00:33:08
    another one is flt flt is Force Lang and time
  • 00:33:16
    In fact, we only come to the world together if we want to
  • 00:33:19
    In general, I usually use MLT, but FLT can also be used, just a little less
  • 00:33:26
    For example, if we talk about basic wheel mechanics lessons, okay
  • 00:33:33
    Well, in MLT, this is an MLT system, so there are acceleration variables, there are angles
  • 00:33:39
    Angular acceleration has angular speed and area and so on
  • 00:33:45
    in ml and t dimensions, so all of these will be expressed as dimensions
  • 00:33:52
    MLT okay, so we'll learn a little later because this is still preliminary
  • 00:33:59
    related How to convert each of these variables
  • 00:34:03
    into MLT dimensions. OK, later we will learn the basics first. How to do it
  • 00:34:11
    converting each of these variables into ML and t dimensions
  • 00:34:18
    well this is the basic equation before we get in or can convert
  • 00:34:24
    These variables become MLT dimensions so they are the basic equations
  • 00:34:28
    You must know before you can change the variable dimensions
  • 00:34:33
    be dimensions expressed in the form ML and t whatever they are
  • 00:34:40
    The first is multiplication. Remember, if you multiply and there are exponents then
  • 00:34:45
    The powers are added, yes, here we have a to the power of m times a
  • 00:34:51
    to the power of n, if you divide it, am + n means less than M divided by a to the power of n
  • 00:34:59
    = a - a raised to the power m minus n
  • 00:35:05
    If you raise it to a double power like this, that means just multiplying it means that a
  • 00:35:11
    to the power of m to the power of n means a to the power of m of n if you put it like this
  • 00:35:18
    So if you put it to one power, it means it's the same, you can also separate it, it means if
  • 00:35:23
    ab to the power of m yes that would also be a to the power of m times B
  • 00:35:29
    to the power of m So if you reverse it like this a is to the power of minus n yes There is a minus in
  • 00:35:35
    Remember here, then it becomes 1/a to the power of n or reversed, a ^ n = 1/a
  • 00:35:43
    power minus n so how to apply this is an example
  • 00:35:46
    Let's just say we have an equation of forces equal to
  • 00:35:53
    Mass times acceleration is Newton's law, right?
  • 00:35:59
    Well, how do we know that the dimensions of m are m, so m is big, like
  • 00:36:04
    This
  • 00:36:06
    OK, then what is A, what is A, acceleration, well, this acceleration means something
  • 00:36:12
    We have to express it first in the form of another equation because right
  • 00:36:16
    acceleration is speed over time Okay that means we
  • 00:36:20
    first write under it what A is
  • 00:36:25
    speed divided by time Okay and what is speed also?
  • 00:36:33
    distance divided by time
  • 00:36:39
    Let's write one by one. How is this distance identical to what is it identical?
  • 00:36:47
    with what do you remember yes here we use the formula that
  • 00:36:51
    For now, use this formula first
  • 00:36:54
    So the speed formula can be simplified to LT
  • 00:37:01
    to the power of minus 1 like this, then if we go back to the top it will be
  • 00:37:08
    we put Yang which what is this here so it is equal to
  • 00:37:15
    LT
  • 00:37:18
    -1 divided [Music]
  • 00:37:22
    t yes because it's dimensions t okay well we use which one we use which is divided
  • 00:37:28
    This one is divided into min 1 minus 1 = -2, let's use this one
  • 00:37:36
    so equal to
  • 00:37:39
    l * t to the power minus 2 so now we move that
  • 00:37:48
    this move this to here
  • 00:37:51
    yes, so mass times lt
  • 00:37:58
    min 2 =
  • 00:38:02
    m l t
  • 00:38:08
    power minus 2 OK So here's an example of the application of
  • 00:38:14
    basic equations into a reduced dimension
  • 00:38:19
    [Music] The next term you need
  • 00:38:22
    know is about homogeneous dimensions or homogeneous dimensionism. So, that's it
  • 00:38:28
    The principle here is that the word homogeneous means the same thing, so
  • 00:38:32
    The right side of the dimension will be the same as the left side of the dimension. What does that mean?
  • 00:38:39
    like this, for example, we have this formula, GLBB, yes, in physics. Yes, what about V speed
  • 00:38:45
    final = v0 initial velocity added a acceleration 3 liters of time Well so if
  • 00:38:54
    an equation is said to have homogeneous dimensions when the dimensions are on the sides
  • 00:39:00
    The left is the same as the dimensions on the right side of the example in this contest
  • 00:39:05
    This means that here the speed is one, I already explained that earlier
  • 00:39:10
    The previous term is the same as v0, also lt-1, plus the acceleration was LT
  • 00:39:16
    min 2 I have explained it before and multiplied by T or the time dimension, well LT
  • 00:39:23
    min 2 times t means the t decreases to alt -1 so laugh we see in
  • 00:39:27
    here lt-1 = lt- LTE to the power minus 1 plus
  • 00:39:35
    lt^-1 so between the left side will be the same as the right side so it can be said
  • 00:39:42
    the equation has homogeneous dimensions
  • 00:39:50
    The next thing is that the equation has no dimensions. Well, what else?
  • 00:39:55
    Previously, dimensions meant that dimensions existed, for example for force dimensions, right?
  • 00:40:00
    mlt-2 Well, this is an equation
  • 00:40:04
    which has no dimensions or is also called non-dimensional
  • 00:40:09
    equation, well, what's that, so the principle is the same?
  • 00:40:12
    actually it doesn't have dimensions. Is it ML or t so it doesn't have dimensions
  • 00:40:18
    in other words, it means the dimension is 1, now
  • 00:40:23
    What does it mean, so this dimension is not an equation, yes, it will be
  • 00:40:29
    states a general phenomenon of fluid flow or physics
  • 00:40:35
    That's why scientists all over the world are competing to find the name
  • 00:40:40
    dimensional does not stand together without this dimension in order to say
  • 00:40:44
    in general from a phenomenon. Is it a hitransfer phenomenon?
  • 00:40:50
    Fluid flow or mass transfer phenomena are the same
  • 00:40:57
    once and usually it's toys like this, the toys are at a high level
  • 00:41:00
    postgraduate, yes, at undergraduate level we don't play there, but it's important
  • 00:41:05
    Well, what's important for us to know at undergraduate level, yes, no similarities
  • 00:41:09
    This dimension is the first without this dimension it can be used for
  • 00:41:14
    designing or designing a system that we need, for example
  • 00:41:19
    designing piping this number is used for designing
  • 00:41:24
    Messenger design suppose or suppose fluid flow in an exchanger
  • 00:41:30
    Heat and various things are usually used in the spherical hit phenomenon
  • 00:41:35
    Well, even if it is in the context of our undergraduate level
  • 00:41:40
    just understand the use of the application in the planning or
  • 00:41:44
    designer of a system in this context yes in the context of this course
  • 00:41:48
    meaning the context of fluid mechanics okay so the first example is
  • 00:41:54
    dimensions that are not dimensionless equations are saying this if we
  • 00:41:59
    skin and skin, result one, result 1, then enter the same number as he does
  • 00:42:04
    dimension 1, yes, the frantal number is the same as that dimension
  • 00:42:08
    1 Okay, so if we look at all of this, they all have the same dimensions
  • 00:42:14
    with 1 or the term is a dimensionless number which we will use later
  • 00:42:19
    Again, for nasal and pranto, it looks like we're at Max or not
  • 00:42:23
    Just know what will happen in the future for the next chapters, right?
  • 00:42:28
    prefer to use the rangeless number or say
  • 00:42:33
    Well, finally, there is a reference that you can use later to study
  • 00:42:38
    further from the material that I have previously conveyed
  • 00:42:41
    Okay, I'll finish this learning video. Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
  • 00:42:46
    wabarakatuh greetings to all of us
Tag
  • mekanik bendalir
  • CFD
  • fasa bendalir
  • aliran bendalir
  • turbulensi
  • kompresibiliti
  • sistem kejuruteraan
  • reka bentuk aerodinamik
  • kejuruteraan mekanik