The common agricultural policy of the European Union - EU explained

00:07:45
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-E7zEu9hYQ

Sintesi

TLDRThe video delves into the history and development of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), originally established in 1962 to address food supply issues, stabilize market prices, and support farmers' incomes. The CAP's evolution is marked by policy shifts from guaranteed pricing to direct subsidies and incorporating environmental measures, responding to economic and ecological challenges. As the policy adapts, it faces contemporary issues such as climate change, competition, and the impacts of Brexit and COVID-19, urging reforms that emphasize sustainability and support for small farms. The German EU Council Presidency champions a CAP that is resilient, sustainable, and competitive, integrating strategies like biodiversity and farm-to-fork, aiming for a fair, healthy, and eco-friendly food system. Proposals suggest enhancing sustainability, supporting younger farmers, and reinforcing agricultural resilience, aligning CAP with broader European green goals.

Punti di forza

  • 🌾 The CAP is the EU's oldest common policy, focusing on enhancing agriculture and ensuring food supply.
  • 📜 Established in 1962, it originated to address post-war supply issues and stabilize markets.
  • 💰 Early CAP strategies involved removing tariffs and guaranteed pricing for farmer income security.
  • 🔄 Reforms have shifted focus towards direct subsidies, impacting environmental and sustainability goals.
  • 🍃 Recent changes introduce 'greening', promoting eco-friendly agricultural practices for subsidies.
  • 🌍 Future CAP challenges involve environmental protection, generational farm transitions, and competition.
  • 🇪🇺 The German EU Council advocates for a sustainable and crisis-proof CAP aligning with the Green Deal.
  • 📈 Proposed CAP reforms emphasize small and medium farm support and engaging younger generations in farming.
  • 🍽 Strategies like farm-to-fork aim to create a fair, environmentally friendly food system across Europe.
  • 🔄 Continuous adaptation of CAP reflects ongoing socio-economic and environmental needs of the EU.

Linea temporale

  • 00:00:00 - 00:07:45

    The video discusses the history and development of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), which is the oldest common policy of the EU. Originating from the Treaty of Rome in 1957, the CAP was designed to ensure food supply at affordable prices and stabilize farmers' incomes amidst war-ravaged Europe. It implemented systems like guaranteed prices and abolished tariffs among member states, leading to successful stabilization of prices and increase in agricultural production by the 1970s; however, it also resulted in overproduction. Reforms were introduced, including milk quotas and shifting from guaranteed prices to direct subsidies, with more emphasis on environmental and animal welfare measures.

Mappa mentale

Video Domande e Risposte

  • What is the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)?

    It's the EU's oldest common policy, designed to boost agricultural production and secure food supply at affordable prices.

  • When was the CAP established?

    The CAP was established in 1962, following principles laid down in the Treaty of Rome in 1957.

  • Why was the CAP originally implemented?

    It was implemented to address supply bottlenecks, fluctuating food prices, and the Cold War context, aiming to secure food supply and stabilize markets.

  • What were some early strategies of the CAP?

    Early strategies included abolishing tariffs, subsidizing exports, and implementing guaranteed pricing for farmers.

  • How has the CAP evolved over time?

    It has evolved from using guaranteed pricing to direct subsidies and introducing environmental and sustainability measures.

  • What are the current challenges for CAP?

    CAP currently faces challenges such as environmental protection, climate change, international competition, and the effects of Brexit and COVID-19.

  • What are some proposed future changes to the CAP?

    Future proposals focus on sustainability, supporting small farms, and motivating young people to enter farming.

  • What is the 'greening' initiative in CAP?

    Introduced in the 2014 reform, it requires 30% of direct aid to be tied to environmentally-friendly farming practices.

  • How does CAP support rural development?

    Rural development is supported as the second pillar of CAP, alongside direct payments to farmers.

  • What is the German EU Council Presidency's role in CAP?

    Germany is advocating for CAP to become more crisis-proof, sustainable, competitive, and support biodiversity and better food systems.

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    many of the eu's achievements and
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    regulations can only be understood by
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    looking at their long history
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    germany is taking the councils and the
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    other events during the german eu
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    council presidency as an opportunity to
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    take a look back at the emergence of
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    different policy areas in the european
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    union
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    at the same time they ask
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    how can the eu develop further in this
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    area and now how did the commons
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    agricultural policy of the eu come about
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    and what are the future challenges
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    these questions are answered by the
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    series looking back looking ahead on the
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    occasion of the informal meeting of eu
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    ministers for agriculture that happened
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    from august 30th to september 1st
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    in koblenz
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    i recently made a video on this meeting
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    too by the way
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    agricultural policy is the oldest common
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    policy of the european union
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    the common agricultural policy or the
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    cap
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    which is also being discussed during the
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    german council presidency this week
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    and
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    already was discussed
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    at this informal meeting in koblenz
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    and it has undergone extensive
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    development since its inception in 1962
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    at the time it came into force as an
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    important political and european project
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    against the background of supply
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    bottlenecks
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    sharply fluctuating food prices and the
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    cold war
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    what were the beginnings of cap
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    already laid down in the treaty of rome
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    in 1957 it aimed to boost agricultural
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    production in order to guarantee a
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    supply of food at affordable prices
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    in a europe that was still marked by war
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    further goals were to ensure a
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    sufficient income for all farmers and to
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    stabilize the markets
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    in the 1960s several instruments were
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    created for this purpose
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    the six founding states of the european
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    economic community germany belgium
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    france italy luxembourg and the
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    netherlands
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    abolished international and internal
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    tariffs on the most important
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    agricultural products for the members
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    they levied joint taxes on imports
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    exports to the rest of the world were
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    subsidized with government grants and
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    thus kept competitive
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    in addition the founding states
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    introduced the system of guaranteed
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    prices which ensured that farmers would
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    definitely get reliable income for their
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    products and that they were not exposed
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    to the strong price fluctuations of the
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    world market
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    and the goal was
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    income security for the farming families
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    this enabled europe to secure food for
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    its citizens in the 1970s
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    the prices stabilized
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    agricultural production and farmers
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    incomes rose significantly
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    however this success also brought
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    unexpected side effects such as
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    overproduction crises
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    which
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    coined the terms milk lakes and butter
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    mountains and an increase in the share
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    of agriculture in the eu budget to 70
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    percent
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    the cap is reforming milk quotas and
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    direct subsidies
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    in order to curb overproduction and also
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    to take environmental aspects into
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    account significantly better than before
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    the eu agriculture ministers passed a
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    series of reforms
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    in 1984 they introduced quotas
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    particularly for milk production the
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    reform of the cap in 1992 brought a
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    noticeable turnaround
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    direct subsidies to farmers gradually
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    replaced the system of guaranteed prices
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    farmland was also set aside
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    more environmental and animal protection
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    was necessary the modernization of the
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    cap continued with the agenda 2000
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    reform
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    in future the cap should be based on two
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    pillars
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    direct payments to farmers in the first
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    pillar and support for rural development
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    as the second pillar
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    since 2003 82 farmers has been measured
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    according to the size of the farm and
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    hectares in 2003 the cap further
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    strengthened environmental and animal
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    welfare
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    in order to receive the full amount of
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    direct aid every farmer must meet
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    additional obligations the so-called
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    cross-compliance rules
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    specifically on the one hand it is about
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    maintaining areas in good agricultural
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    and ecological condition
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    for example guidelines help to reduce
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    soil erosion or to preserve valuable
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    landscape elements on the other hand
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    cross-compliance includes basic
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    requirements for operational management
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    which include for example general
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    obligations for animal welfare or food
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    safety
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    the 2014 reform continued that
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    since then 30 percent of the direct aid
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    has been granted for environmentally
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    friendly cultivation methods the
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    so-called greening
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    but what does the future of cap look
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    like
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    as in previous decades the cap faces
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    challenges and social expectations today
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    these include environmental protection
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    and climate change
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    the generation change on farms and in
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    businesses
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    international competition and currently
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    brexit
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    the effects of the covet 19 pandemic
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    also pose major challenges for the
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    agricultural sector
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    in 2018 the european commission as the
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    guardian of the european treaties
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    therefore develop proposals for the
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    future of the cap after 2020
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    and what's the basic idea
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    european agricultural policy will retain
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    its two tried and tested pillars and
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    will be geared even more towards
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    sustainability and small and
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    medium-sized farms in the future
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    the new cap is also intended to motivate
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    young people to take up the farming
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    profession and the proposals for climate
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    and environmental protection have become
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    more ambitious
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    for example the commission proposes the
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    introduction of ecological regulations
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    in the first pillar with the framework
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    of the green architecture
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    the german eu council presidency is also
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    campaigning for agricultural policy to
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    become even more crisis proof
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    and at the same time more sustainable in
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    the future thus ensuring the
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    competitiveness of farmers
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    to this end it is striving for political
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    agreement among the member states a
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    general counsel approach
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    in addition germany wants to advance the
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    biodiversity strategy and the farm to
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    fork strategy from the field to the
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    plate that were presented as part of the
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    european green deal
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    these strategies should make an even
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    better contribution to a fair healthy
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    and environmentally friendly food system
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    in the future
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    the aim is to shorten supply chains
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    reduce the use of fertilizers develop
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    organic farming and strengthen animal
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    welfare
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    on all farms the subject of eu white
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    animal welfare labeling was also on the
  • 00:07:17
    agenda at the informal meeting of the eu
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    agriculture ministers
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Tag
  • EU
  • CAP
  • agricultural policy
  • sustainability
  • environmental challenges
  • market stabilization
  • Germany
  • brexit
  • COVID-19
  • green deal