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global greenhouse gas emissions from
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human activities are at their highest
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levels in human history
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but there is increasing evidence of
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climate action and the average annual
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rate of growth in global emissions has
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slowed in the last decade
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the next few years are critical without
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immediate and deep emissions reductions
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in all sectors limiting warming to one
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and a half degrees celsius will be
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beyond reach
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the ipcc's latest report on climate
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change mitigation shows that there are
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options available in every sector that
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can at least halve emissions by 2030.
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[Music]
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what the report shows that if we carry
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on as we are we won't be able to limit
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global warming to two degrees never mind
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1.5 but we do find signs of progress i
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mean half the world's emissions are now
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covered by climate laws and and policies
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and we're seeing the falling cost of
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renewable energy and big take-ups it is
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beginning to make a difference so if we
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look over all the sectors that we we
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cover in the report we can find options
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everywhere for reducing emissions both
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by technology and by behavioral change
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and when you add it all up you could see
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the capacity to cut emissions by about a
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half by 2030 but it would need very
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prompt and ambitious action for that to
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actually happen
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the energy sector accounts for about
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one-third of all emissions an increasing
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range of policies and laws have enhanced
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energy efficiency and since 2010 there
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have been sustained decreases in cost
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with reductions of 85 for solar energy
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and batteries and 55 for wind power
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major transitions are required in this
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sector to reduce emissions
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to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in
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the energy system major changes are
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needed
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we would use powerless fossil fuel
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meaning that fossil fuels remain in
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birds
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instead we reduce low emission energy
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sources such as wind and solar and
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alternative energy carriers such as
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hydrogen and sustainable biofuels
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moreover we would use far less energy
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than today by improving energy
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efficiency and promoting energy
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conservation
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agriculture forestry and other land use
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contribute just over a fifth of
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greenhouse gas emissions this sector can
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not only provide large-scale greenhouse
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gas emissions reductions but can also
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remove and store carbon dioxide at scale
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this report shows that to avoid
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climate change we
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have to conserve ecosystem and improve
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food systems we have to restore protect
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and sustainably manage carbon rich
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ecosystem like forest
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and grassland
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and we have to reduce greenhouse gas
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intensity of food production system but
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also
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we have to curve and reduce food waste
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and loss and
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shift to more sustainable and healthy
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diets
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all these options can mitigate 8 to 14
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gigatons of co2 per year for now
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up to 2050
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at relatively low cost
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this is the first ipcc assessment to
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include a chapter on demand services and
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social aspects of mitigation looking at
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how a combination of effective policies
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improved infrastructure and technologies
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leading to behavioral change has the
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potential to enable emissions reductions
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this report shows for the first time the
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importance of the social aspects of
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demand and the huge potential it
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provides in reducing emissions
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it is clear now that human behavior is
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the center of the problem and also the
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solution
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if associated with relevant policies
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adapted infrastructures and if
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technologies are available
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climate change affects everybody but 10
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of the richest people are responsible of
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40
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of the emissions
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so they need to question the life
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science cultural norms and eventually
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change them
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cities and other urban areas where most
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of the world's population lives are
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responsible for more than two-thirds of
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global greenhouse gas emissions either
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through the production of goods and
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services or those that are transported
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to cities
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buildings also play a crucial role in
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reducing emissions
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what this assessment shows is that both
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the building sector and cities can go to
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net zero carbon dioxide emissions
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towards the middle of the century
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nevertheless the next decade is critical
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because both of these involve
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infrastructure that will commit us to
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emitting in certain ways in cities the
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most important areas of action are
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designing cities better to collocate
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jobs and homes together
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and also to enable better transportation
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systems where we actually can perhaps do
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active transport as well as
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electrification and finally removing or
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and storing carbon dioxide in the urban
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environment for example in trees and
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parks
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buildings can
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also help for example we show that in
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most climates by today we can do net
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zero energy and net zero carbon
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buildings in developed part of the world
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retrofit is more important whether
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whereas in developing countries it is
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more important to focus on appliances
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and
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supplying the energy in clean ways for
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example through clean electricity
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the ways that we use transport whether
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for travel or to transport goods offers
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substantial potential for emissions
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reductions but this depends on
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decarbonizing the power sector electric
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vehicles combined with low or zero
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emissions electricity offer the greatest
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potential and advances in battery
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technologies could assist in the
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electrification of trucks for shipping
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and aviation which are harder to
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decarbonize low emission hydrogen and
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biofuels offer alternatives to going
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electric these options combined with
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solutions in other areas like cities and
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reducing demand offer us a way forward
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in the transport sector
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a quarter of global emissions comes from
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the industry sector where achieving net
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zero is challenging
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getting there would require new
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production processes and using low and
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zero greenhouse gas electricity hydrogen
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and where necessary carbon capture and
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storage
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limiting global temperature rise to 1.5
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degrees celsius will not be possible
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without carbon dioxide removal
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carbon dioxide removal approach
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can be either natural solution as
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sequestering and storing carbon on land
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and ocean
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as well as technologies that pull
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co2 directly out of the atmosphere
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carbon dioxide removal can
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counterbalance how to eliminate emission
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from aviation and industrial processes
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in the long term
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scaling up
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carbon dioxide removal could reverse
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global warming however still investment
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and research are needed
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the next few years will be critical but
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there are ways to improve our chances of
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success
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with regard to finance there is a
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considerable gap between the
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requirements to respond to climate
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change and the existing financial flows
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current financial flows are a factor of
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three to six lower than the requirements
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by the year 2030 two limits a warming to
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1.5 degrees celsius or 2 degrees celsius
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and this is a signal
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both for governments and also for the
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international community with regard to
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the need to close this gap which is a
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wider in the case of the developing
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countries taking into account
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the limited capacity they have in terms
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of finance in terms of technology
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and in terms of institutional capacity
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the situation is much more difficult in
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the case of the less developed countries
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accelerated climate action is critical
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to sustainable development
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climate change increasingly threatens
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the health and livelihoods of people
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around the globe and the health of our
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planet in all countries actions to limit
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global warming that result in wider
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benefits to society can increase the
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pace depth and breadth of emissions
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reductions
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in this report
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we show how mitigation goes hand in hand
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with achieving many of the sustainable
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development goals
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for example
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if we look at the sustainable
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development goal
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green and new infrastructure
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we see that green groups and massage
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networks of parks and open spaces
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wetlands and urban agriculture not only
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absorb and store carbon but at the same
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time achievable many other sustainable
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development goals
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they can reduce pressure on urban
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sources
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reduce flood risk and heat island
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effects and also deliver health benefits
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from reduced air pollution
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we have the tools and know-how required
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to limit warming and secure a livable
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future
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regulatory and market instruments and
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policies play a crucial role in
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strengthening the response
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more ambitious emissions reductions
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require joint up policy making across
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government
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at different levels and through
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international cooperation
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the ipcc
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is the gold standard for climate science
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our reports provide governments and
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policy makers
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with the most up-to-date knowledge on
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climate change
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that helps
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inform their decision-making on
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climate-related policies
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this assessment cycle has been the most
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intensive
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in ipcc's history
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not only
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due to the high number of ipcc reports
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but also because we had
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to find innovative ways to adapt to the
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challenges of the pandemic
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the pandemic didn't stop the work of
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ipcc
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and together we delivered
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climate change is the result of more
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than a century of unsustainable energy
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and land use lifestyles and patterns of
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consumption and production
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this report shows how taking action now
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can move us toward a fairer more livable
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world
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[Music]
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you
