Late Medieval Early Ren Northern Europe Creating Space

00:06:42
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B6hYUI6TF0

摘要

TLDRThe discussion centers on Dirk Bouts' 'The Last Supper', an altarpiece highlighting the Eucharist through Christ's consecration of bread and wine. The painting is notable for its innovative use of a single vanishing point, creating depth and focusing the viewer's attention on Christ. The orthogonal lines converge above Christ's head, reinforcing him as the focal point and illustrating Renaissance ideals of symmetry and balanced composition.

心得

  • 🎨 The Last Supper is painted by Dirk Bouts.
  • ✝️ It emphasizes the Eucharist and Christ's role in consecration.
  • 🔍 Bouts was the first to use a single vanishing point in northern painting.
  • 📏 The painting uses orthogonal lines for depth and focus.
  • ⚖️ Composition reflects calmness, balance, and symmetry in Renaissance art.
  • 💡 Christ is central, highlighting the importance of the Last Supper.
  • 🔹 The Brotherhood of the Holy Sacrament commissioned this work.
  • 🖼️ Orthogonal lines lead viewers' eyes back to Christ.
  • 🔄 Contemporary dress adds relatability to the painted figures.
  • 🏛️ This work sets a foundation for Renaissance compositional principles.

时间轴

  • 00:00:00 - 00:06:42

    The painting 'The Last Supper' by Dirk Bouts serves as a study of space, emphasizing a more structured and balanced depiction compared to the emotional work previously discussed. Commissioned by the Brotherhood of the Holy Sacrament, the artwork highlights Christ consecrating the Eucharist, underscoring its significance in Catholic tradition. It features contemporary dress and setting, making the scene relatable to viewers of 15th century Northern Europe. Pivotal to this piece is its use of a single vanishing point, a technique in linear perspective that was innovatively employed by Bouts. This design arranges orthogonal lines, which guide the viewer’s eye toward the focal point at Christ’s head, suggesting both spatial recession and emphasizing His central role. The composition is characterized by balance and symmetry, with Christ strategically placed at the center, reflecting Renaissance ideals of stability and calmness in art.

思维导图

视频问答

  • Who commissioned the painting 'The Last Supper'?

    The painting was commissioned by the Brotherhood of the Holy Sacrament.

  • What significant theme does the painting emphasize?

    It emphasizes the importance of the Eucharist, with Christ consecrating bread and wine.

  • What is the primary innovation in the painting regarding perspective?

    The painting employs a single vanishing point, leading to a sense of depth.

  • How does the composition of the painting reflect Renaissance ideals?

    The composition is calm, balanced, and symmetrical, with Christ at the center.

  • What did Dirk Bouts introduce to northern European painting?

    Dirk Bouts introduced the effective use of orthogonal lines converging at a single vanishing point.

  • What is the purpose of the orthogonal lines in the painting?

    They create both space and direct focus towards Christ as the central figure.

  • What is 'composition' in the context of the painting?

    Composition refers to the layout and arrangement of elements in the painting for visual balance.

  • Why is Christ placed at the center of the painting?

    To provide a calm and balanced composition, emphasizing his role in the Last Supper.

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  • 00:00:02
    while our our last painting um was a
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    very emotional painting of the
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    deposition by Roger vanderen uh this
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    painting here that you see on the left
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    hand side may seem a little dry um but
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    we're going to study this painting um
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    for uh space so it's going to be a
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    little bit of a dry discussion um and so
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    a dry painting kind of fits this is uh
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    the painting by Durk bouts it's called
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    the last supper it is a center panel of
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    an Altarpiece um this the Altarpiece of
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    the holy sacrament the holy sacrament
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    being that of communion it was
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    commissioned by a Brotherhood of the
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    holy sacrament Brotherhood is a like a
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    lay group that're not priests or
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    anything um that celebrated um the holy
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    sacrament and so they commissioned this
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    image this is a last supper with a Twist
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    and and most of the last suppers we're
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    going to see have a little twist to them
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    the Last Supper would be Christ's last
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    meal with the disciples um before the
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    passion in which he um is crucified and
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    he celebrates that Passover meal um in
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    the upper room and that's the basic
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    biblical Last Supper story um but here
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    we take that story and we layer on the
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    importance of the Eucharist making sense
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    that this is the Brotherhood of the holy
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    sacrament that they're going to put the
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    Eucharist front and center and they they
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    do and they have Christ here blessing
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    the holy sacrament um so we see Christ
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    consecrating the bread and the wine to
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    make it the body and blood of Christ so
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    this again sort of adds Credence or
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    legitimacy to that sacrament of
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    communion uh one thing I want you to you
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    probably wouldn't know but uh be aware
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    of is that in this painting we see again
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    that tradition of contemporary dress and
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    setting so like we've seen the Virgin
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    Mary born in 14th century Italy and
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    we've seen Christ born in 15th century
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    northern Europe now we see The Last
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    Supper celebrated in 15th century
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    northern Europe members of the
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    confraternity of the holy sacrament are
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    those that you see sort of around the
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    room that are helping to uh serve this
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    Last Supper meal and again it just makes
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    it relatable to the viewer what I want
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    to talk about though really with this
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    painting is space this is the first
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    Northern painting to have a single
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    vanishing point that means that all of
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    the lines that recess away from the
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    viewer and back into space are all
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    pointing into One Direction let me show
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    you these will be the lines that you see
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    as I said that are moving away from you
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    so here for example on the floor let's
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    follow this line see how it's moving up
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    and it goes this direction and then see
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    how these sort of curve in but if you
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    follow these lines up see these are
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    curving in a little bit more and you
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    curve this way and there's some right
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    here on the edge of the table that kind
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    of go up like this as well and there's
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    more of these lines at the very top and
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    they come down the ones in the center go
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    straight on all of these are leading to
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    one vanishing point which you can't see
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    the vanishing point because there's a
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    big wall here in the way um but if you
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    could they would all sort of lead back
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    to this one space way way way back in
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    the distance behind C
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    if you've ever maybe taken an art class
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    in the past you know that this is
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    starting to sound a little bit like one
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    point linear perspective that is for a
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    later lecture we give that sort of
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    codified rules of how we create space to
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    the Italians but in the northern Works
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    Dirk bouts is the first to go huh all
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    those lines that recess back and we call
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    them orthogonal lines need to go back to
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    one place you cannot have all these
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    lines going straight back because then
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    that gives you that tilted perspective
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    um and so he he sees how this this works
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    and so here's sort of a diagram where we
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    have this vanishing point in the
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    background all these lines lead in that
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    direction one thing that I want you to
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    notice however is that these orthogonal
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    lines in the work converge above the
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    head of Christ so these orthogonal lines
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    that are leading you back they kind of
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    have two purposes one they do give you a
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    recession of space and lead your eye
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    back but they also work as an implied
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    line that means that real or imaginary
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    line that is helping to create focus and
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    so you can see that the focus here is on
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    Christ and so these orthogonal lines
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    create space but they're also work as
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    implied lines to make sure that all of
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    this no matter where your eye roams it's
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    going to find its way back to Christ who
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    is in the center of the painting he's
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    the focal point of the painting as he is
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    at the very center of all of this the
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    sort of single Vanishing points that
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    come right to the top of Christ's head
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    the fact that we've put Christ in the
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    center I'm going to sort of lay this now
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    we're going to put it in the back of our
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    minds um is is what's called composition
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    composition is our choice of how to lay
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    out the painting sort of left to right
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    and top to bottom where that visual
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    weight would lie and so in a Renaissance
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    painting we want that position to be
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    very calm and very balanced very
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    symmetrical very stable we want it to be
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    very sort of readable um it sort of
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    makes sense it's Mo it makes sense that
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    Christ is in the very center and then we
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    fan out all these figures nice and
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    symmetrically from left to right hand
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    side so everything about this painting
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    is a perfect sort of example of
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    Renaissance painting and that the
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    composition sort of calms the whole
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    thing down makes it very balanced and
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    very symmetrical one way to think about
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    about this is if we took Christ and we
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    pushed him over here to this guy spot
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    and then we put everybody on this side
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    of the table that would be an unbalanced
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    composition because all of that visual
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    weight would be pushed over to one side
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    Renaissance paintings don't do that
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    we'll do that eventually in the baroke
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    period in the 1600s we're not there yet
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    we like things calm balanced and stabled
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    we put Christ in the very middle put all
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    these disciples perfectly balanced on
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    either side and then we make sure that
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    all of those orthogonal lines those
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    recessional lines point to him at the
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    same time so this is our discussion of
  • 00:06:32
    space and also sort of laying the
  • 00:06:34
    foundations for a good balanced
  • 00:06:37
    symmetrical Renaissance
  • 00:06:41
    composition
标签
  • Dirk Bouts
  • The Last Supper
  • Eucharist
  • Renaissance Art
  • Vanishing Point
  • Orthogonal Lines
  • Composition
  • Symmetry
  • Sacramental Brotherhood
  • Depth in Art