Formation of Malaysia Part 1 - Road to Nationhood

00:47:42
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czeeVc5hLao

摘要

TLDRThe video chronicles Malaysia's path to independence and the formation of the federation, focusing on key leaders like Tunku Abdul Rahman and Lee Kuan Yew. It highlights the enthusiasm for independence in 1957, the economic prosperity that followed, and the challenges posed by ethnic tensions and communism. The narrative details the political maneuvers leading to the merger of Singapore with Malaya, emphasizing the importance of unity among diverse ethnic groups. The eventual establishment of Malaysia in 1963 is portrayed as a significant achievement amidst various political and social challenges.

心得

  • 🇲🇾 Malaysia gained independence in 1957, marking a new era.
  • 🤝 Tunku Abdul Rahman played a crucial role in uniting diverse ethnic groups.
  • 📈 Post-independence, Malaysia experienced rapid economic growth.
  • 📝 The merger with Singapore was driven by the need to combat communism.
  • 🌍 The 'grand design' aimed to unify territories in Southeast Asia.
  • ⚖️ Borneo leaders expressed concerns over cultural identity in the merger.
  • 📣 Lee Kuan Yew campaigned vigorously for the merger's benefits.
  • 🔍 The British facilitated the formation of Malaysia while protecting their interests.
  • 💬 Public opinion was divided on the merger's implications.
  • 🎉 Malaysia was officially formed on September 16, 1963.

时间轴

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    In 1957, the call for independence resonates among the people of Malaya, emphasizing the need for duty, sacrifice, and loyalty to the nation. The atmosphere is charged with hope and determination as the nation prepares for self-governance.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    Following independence, the British depart with mixed feelings, while the new government, led by Tunku Abdul Rahman, aims to build a prosperous multiracial society. The collaboration between Malays and Chinese is seen as essential for stability and economic growth.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    Tunku Abdul Rahman, with his trusted deputy Razak Hussain, fosters a positive working environment, although his lack of financial acumen becomes apparent during budget discussions. The administration focuses on representing the aspirations of all ethnic groups, despite internal disagreements.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    As the nation enjoys economic growth, Tunku's leadership faces challenges with the emergence of a young reformist in the MCA, leading to tensions and a potential rift in the Alliance. The trust built during independence is threatened by public demands for Chinese educational parity and political representation.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:25:00

    Tunku's resignation in April is linked to his concerns about the upcoming elections and the need for a united front among the ethnic groups. He confronts the reformist demands, asserting his position as the leader of the Alliance, while the public awaits the election results.

  • 00:25:00 - 00:30:00

    With Tunku reinstated as Prime Minister, he turns his focus to the ongoing Communist threat, particularly in Singapore, where political unrest is brewing. The British are cautious about their withdrawal, fearing the rise of communism in the region.

  • 00:30:00 - 00:35:00

    The British propose a 'grand design' for decolonization, aiming to create a new nation-state in Southeast Asia. However, Tunku is skeptical, preferring to address domestic issues before considering such proposals.

  • 00:35:00 - 00:40:00

    In Singapore, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew seeks independence and aims to merge with Malaya, but faces opposition. The British are hesitant to grant Singapore independence without ensuring stability, fearing a potential communist takeover.

  • 00:40:00 - 00:47:42

    As discussions for merger progress, Tunku and Lee Kuan Yew work to address the concerns of Borneo leaders, emphasizing the benefits of joining Malaysia. The political landscape is complex, with varying levels of trust and understanding among the different territories.

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思维导图

视频问答

  • Who was Tunku Abdul Rahman?

    Tunku Abdul Rahman was the first Prime Minister of Malaysia and a key figure in the country's independence movement.

  • What was the significance of the merger with Singapore?

    The merger aimed to strengthen Malaysia against communist influences and create a more stable political environment.

  • What challenges did Malaysia face after independence?

    Malaysia faced ethnic tensions, economic challenges, and the threat of communism, particularly from Singapore.

  • What was the 'grand design'?

    The 'grand design' was a proposal for the decolonization and unification of territories in Southeast Asia, including Singapore and Borneo.

  • How did Lee Kuan Yew influence the merger?

    Lee Kuan Yew actively campaigned for the merger with Malaya, emphasizing the need for unity against communism.

  • What role did the British play in Malaysia's formation?

    The British facilitated discussions and negotiations for the formation of Malaysia, ensuring their interests were protected.

  • What were the concerns of Borneo leaders regarding the merger?

    Borneo leaders were apprehensive about losing their cultural identity and political autonomy in a merged federation.

  • How did the public react to the idea of Malaysia?

    The public had mixed feelings, with some supporting the merger for economic benefits while others feared loss of identity.

  • What was the outcome of the negotiations for Malaysia?

    The negotiations led to the successful formation of Malaysia on September 16, 1963.

  • What was the impact of communism on Malaysia's political landscape?

    Communism posed a significant threat, influencing political decisions and the urgency for a united front among Malaysian leaders.

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  • 00:00:13
    my people have asked that not be given
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    independence if possible during 1957
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    [Music]
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    [Music]
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    [Music]
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    to the people of ma I say do your duty
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    to your country to obtain independence
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    yes well that's typical then to maintain
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    there are demands on you sacrifices and
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    undivided loyalty to your country
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    [Music]
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    [Applause]
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    [Music]
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    [Music]
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    [Applause]
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    the chipiya Hadiya Merdeka for Scruton
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    tanana upon daddy
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    ah ha leepu - behind banks the banks of
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    the château de la Mucha Pena
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    doctor-doctor smile baccata Tomica me
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    Jelena prolly hee ha done to our heroes
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    began a gallery and Biba's Merdeka
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    Danvers at apado
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    the entire Negara Negara baba's d jr
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    [Music]
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    after independence the British leave
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    Malaya with a heavy heart everybody very
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    enthusiastic spirit we just been
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    independent the government under the
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    leadership of ten kahramana terraza we
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    were rich we were the number one rubber
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    and tin produce in the world
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    and out of that income rebuilt the
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    country
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    this is an exciting time for Milan's
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    independence heralds a prosperous future
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    that will be built on a multiracial
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    society we meet the Chinese to make
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    things happen and the Chinese need a
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    Malaysia to maintain the stability of
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    the country so that the business and
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    public
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    [Music]
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    this progress encourages Prime Minister
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    Tunku Abdul Rahman by his side as his
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    trusted friend Deputy Prime Minister
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    Razak Hussain he was a good number - he
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    did everything
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    the Cougars preside and that will bring
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    him happy he just ran through the agenda
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    kala
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    let's have maka tunku's charisma charges
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    a positive atmosphere creating a
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    conducive working environment one of his
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    most trusted cabinet members is finance
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    minister Tom's shusun he said that Tunku
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    was a great leader but he was not a
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    finance man numbers meant very little to
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    him he recall that in one occasion was
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    about a budget and to loose it it was
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    awfully long string of numbers
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    he asked my father but will you round up
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    the numbers my father said you can't do
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    that because these are very big numbers
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    you know billions of dollars just kind
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    of rounded up just make it easy for
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    everyone to remember
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    we are really representative of the
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    aspirations of the people of Malaya
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    without taking into account whether we
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    disagreed on specific issues and
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    projects the co wanted us to prosper and
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    be stable and be happy I think is
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    because Thimphu knew he could trust my
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    father and turn Raza to do the actual
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    administration that you could declare
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    himself the happiest prime minister in
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    this country with a strong team behind
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    him
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    the country enjoys rapid economic growth
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    to outsiders
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    Tunku is easily leading his Alliance
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    coalition to another victory in the next
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    general election
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    [Music]
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    however tunku's next move shocks the
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    nation
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    [Applause]
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    [Music]
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    [Applause]
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    [Music]
  • 00:06:06
    meanwhile Chthon Cheng lock the
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    president of the Malayan Chinese
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    Association or MCA and stalwart
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    supporter of Tunku had fallen ill and is
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    replaced by a young challenger
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    who brings with him radical new ideas
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    mca an accumulator to be a bit arrogant
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    and start up a team be on the wait
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    chung you publicize a letter handwritten
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    by my grandfather and in this letter
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    my grandfather supported tran use
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    requests there is Chinese language
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    Chinese schools to be on par with Malay
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    schools Malay language and then request
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    for a portion of 40 seats out of hundred
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    and four seats the problem was that
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    Chong you made this to request public so
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    it was very very difficult because it
  • 00:06:58
    then seemed like ultimatum by the MTA to
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    unknown trust is now undermined by
  • 00:07:07
    suspicion of treachery my father then
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    realized what had happened was that Tom
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    you had actually dictated a letter to my
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    grandfather what was not knowing what he
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    was doing actually wrote the letter is
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    beautiful longhand writing and signed it
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    Merdeka was achieved through strong
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    understanding and trust between the
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    different parties in the Alliance
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    now this bond is being eroded by the
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    actions of the young reformists
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    unfazed by Cheung News requests tunku as
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    the national leader of the Alliance
  • 00:07:51
    stands his ground
  • 00:07:54
    the reasons for tunku's resignation in
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    April now become clear I think to who
  • 00:08:01
    was very concerned about the elections
  • 00:08:03
    because this was the first election
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    after independence and he wanted a very
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    strong mainly amongst all three ethnic
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    groups and he also felt that if he
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    resigned he could devote his entire
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    energy in time to winning the election
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    and not worry about the running of the
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    government a determined - who decides he
  • 00:08:26
    must make his move he confronts the
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    young reformist in the MCA
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    issued a statement saying that unknown
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    was prepared to contest the general
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    elections without MCA participation
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    tunku's response was debated within the
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    central working committee in the MCA and
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    by very narrow margin MCA agreed to
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    proceed to tongue whose proposal but
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    tunku's firm stand can still backfire if
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    it is counter to public opinion the
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    Alliance will have to wait until the
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    general elections in a few weeks time to
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    know the final result
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    you
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    [Music]
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    [Music]
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    the poorest Anya's kelloggi cumin and
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    paprika
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    I can oniony to play anything to a
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    brahmin with this triumph Tunku Abdul
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    Rahman is reinstalled as the Prime
  • 00:09:49
    Minister now Tunku turns his attention
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    to an old enemy the Communists the
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    emergency declared by the British in
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    1948 is still in place 12 years later
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    Tunku wants to move on
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    [Music]
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    the anthem at me a dollar at the lapels
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    Brandon Apollo satu smog at Varro moon
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    Cheol debugger setlist Mahalo can
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    crominus sella pass Bijan salami Robles
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    towel
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    kini second up the Nagas Ryan eaten
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    Buchan won't open Bergman and and Mario
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    and Megara
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    [Music]
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    however the Communists have not given up
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    and it became clear that there was no
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    way to secure their political objectives
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    in Malaya attention focus to the actions
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    of the Communist Party structure in
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    Singapore and the aim was to eventually
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    win political power in Singapore this
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    development in Singapore worries Tunku
  • 00:11:10
    the island of Singapore is connected by
  • 00:11:13
    a causeway with the Malay Peninsula the
  • 00:11:18
    island is situated on the narrow Straits
  • 00:11:20
    of Malacca between the Indian and the
  • 00:11:22
    Pacific Oceans Chinese firms control
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    much of the large business and trade and
  • 00:11:28
    the population of the island is over
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    half Chinese 1950 Singapore is a nation
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    in the throes of growing pains Singapore
  • 00:11:39
    had a growing population that were
  • 00:11:42
    essentially migrant
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    but not enough of an economy that could
  • 00:11:46
    support that growing population so those
  • 00:11:49
    kinds of conditions will arrive for
  • 00:11:52
    political unrest there were many
  • 00:11:53
    material issues which were previous us
  • 00:11:56
    that the Communists could exploit
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    [Music]
  • 00:12:00
    this could be a setback for the plan
  • 00:12:02
    that the British have in the region the
  • 00:12:06
    British who are already thinking of
  • 00:12:08
    gradual withdrawal gradual sort of
  • 00:12:12
    decolonization for Singapore in other
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    words handing over power they were not
  • 00:12:15
    about to leave yet they had a lot of
  • 00:12:17
    interest to protect in Singapore the
  • 00:12:20
    emergency may have ended in Malaya but
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    Southeast Asia is still a battleground
  • 00:12:26
    of political ideologies it was about who
  • 00:12:31
    would rule the post-war world the
  • 00:12:34
    post-colonial world there was the free
  • 00:12:37
    world led by the United States and
  • 00:12:39
    Britain and then there was the Eastern
  • 00:12:41
    Bloc or the Communist world led by
  • 00:12:43
    Soviet Union and later China for the
  • 00:12:46
    imperialists of the world decolonization
  • 00:12:49
    is seen as something imminent after the
  • 00:12:53
    war there was a general feeling that
  • 00:12:55
    imperialism is out so they were urging
  • 00:12:58
    all the other Imperial nations of Europe
  • 00:13:01
    to give up all their colonies so there
  • 00:13:05
    was a general train what he wanted was
  • 00:13:07
    to see in Southeast Asia kind of a
  • 00:13:10
    post-colonial region that would be
  • 00:13:12
    friendly to Western interest but the
  • 00:13:15
    British have three remaining territories
  • 00:13:17
    in the region to worry about North
  • 00:13:21
    Borneo Sarawak and Brunei the concern
  • 00:13:25
    when the British were thinking about was
  • 00:13:27
    that what do we do with this treat
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    territories right leave them alone
  • 00:13:32
    continue holding on to it let them fade
  • 00:13:35
    rate into one territory or make them
  • 00:13:39
    join the Federation that they were
  • 00:13:41
    already thinking about the British
  • 00:13:46
    encouraged Tunku to consider a proposal
  • 00:13:48
    it is an idea that has been in the works
  • 00:13:51
    for more than a decade it is called the
  • 00:13:55
    grand design
  • 00:13:59
    the grand design I think is a phrase
  • 00:14:01
    that tripped off the lips of Malcolm
  • 00:14:03
    MacDonald in the mid 1950s the grand
  • 00:14:06
    design looked attractive on paper and it
  • 00:14:08
    would certainly have got the British out
  • 00:14:10
    of a hole in Southeast Asia it would
  • 00:14:12
    enable them to have retreated with I
  • 00:14:15
    suppose in good faith feeling that there
  • 00:14:18
    the colonial job had been done and a new
  • 00:14:20
    nation state had been created the grand
  • 00:14:22
    design would solve a number of
  • 00:14:24
    objectives
  • 00:14:25
    you could decolonize at one going so you
  • 00:14:28
    don't have to do it in many phases
  • 00:14:30
    they want to pan over this place and
  • 00:14:32
    they want to move put the Bonilla state
  • 00:14:35
    in the hands of people they can trust
  • 00:14:37
    and they could castle the movie however
  • 00:14:40
    the tunku is not convinced by this
  • 00:14:43
    proposal he already has enough issues at
  • 00:14:47
    home to occupy him
  • 00:14:51
    [Music]
  • 00:14:53
    meanwhile in Singapore newly appointed
  • 00:14:56
    Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew is a man
  • 00:14:59
    with a mission he dreams of a Singapore
  • 00:15:04
    independent from the British by 1963 the
  • 00:15:08
    British had to decide what makes for
  • 00:15:10
    Singapore now possibilities of course
  • 00:15:12
    give Singapore the independence that was
  • 00:15:14
    scheduled to happen but it's his own
  • 00:15:16
    country or as part of the Federation the
  • 00:15:19
    British were not sure that giving
  • 00:15:21
    Singapore independence on his own would
  • 00:15:24
    really work because it was too dangerous
  • 00:15:26
    given that you could have a Singapore
  • 00:15:29
    that would then communist
  • 00:15:31
    luckily for Lee the British are inclined
  • 00:15:34
    to grant independence but only under the
  • 00:15:38
    right circumstances when he became prime
  • 00:15:41
    minister in 1959 he knew that he would
  • 00:15:44
    have to try to bring Singapore into
  • 00:15:46
    Malaya and that's where he had to
  • 00:15:49
    convince the Tunku and he knew that the
  • 00:15:52
    Tunku did not believe that Singapore
  • 00:15:55
    should join Malaya for reasons that are
  • 00:15:58
    well known he didn't trust the Chinese
  • 00:16:00
    population of Singapore he believed that
  • 00:16:03
    if he took Singapore in it would just
  • 00:16:05
    complicate politics in Malay
  • 00:16:07
    and this is where the British draw will
  • 00:16:10
    be to try and convince them lion leaders
  • 00:16:13
    look if you leave Singapore on his own
  • 00:16:16
    the risks of Singapore falling into
  • 00:16:18
    communist hand is very real
  • 00:16:21
    then who is a person who fears communism
  • 00:16:25
    the British tell him if you don't go for
  • 00:16:28
    modular Singapore and then combination
  • 00:16:31
    will take over
  • 00:16:32
    even if Tunku agrees to merge Singapore
  • 00:16:35
    with Malaya he must first appease
  • 00:16:38
    skeptical party members within unknown
  • 00:16:41
    we are not interested in Buddha the
  • 00:16:43
    merger was by PDP there was some fear
  • 00:16:50
    that PAP politics infiltrating into the
  • 00:16:54
    peninsula might change the priorities
  • 00:16:57
    and the landscape that the Malays were
  • 00:16:58
    comfortable with
  • 00:17:01
    Tunku is also worried about upsetting
  • 00:17:04
    the racial balance in Malaya you are
  • 00:17:07
    heading a huge number of Chinese from
  • 00:17:10
    Singapore into the Federation and this
  • 00:17:13
    will change the balance in terms of
  • 00:17:16
    racial political saying
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    but Lee knows that despite voices of
  • 00:17:23
    dissent within unknown he only needs to
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    persuade the man of the top
  • 00:17:30
    in May 1961 the British encouraged Lee
  • 00:17:34
    Kuan Yew to discretely submit a proposal
  • 00:17:37
    to toku outlining the benefits of the
  • 00:17:40
    grand design the proposal contains an
  • 00:17:43
    idea designed to appeal to Dooku why
  • 00:17:47
    don't you start considering balance that
  • 00:17:49
    dominance of the Chinese population in
  • 00:17:51
    Singapore looks to at Tarawa look
  • 00:17:54
    towards North Borneo looked swell Brunei
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    later that month the true guru gives his
  • 00:18:01
    response publicly so loud today as a
  • 00:18:05
    nation realizes that she cannot stand
  • 00:18:08
    alone and in isolation
  • 00:18:11
    sooner or later Maya should have an
  • 00:18:15
    understanding with Britain and the
  • 00:18:19
    peoples of the territories of Singapore
  • 00:18:22
    Borneo Brunei and Sarah those words
  • 00:18:25
    spoken by Malaya's prime minister he
  • 00:18:28
    launched that bombshell as he called it
  • 00:18:30
    in a speech at the foreign
  • 00:18:32
    correspondents Club in Singapore and
  • 00:18:34
    suggested that that was the way forward
  • 00:18:36
    he didn't say that Malaysia was going to
  • 00:18:37
    happen he said a time has come for us to
  • 00:18:40
    consider seriously the possibility of
  • 00:18:43
    Singapore joining Malaysia
  • 00:18:46
    you
  • 00:18:47
    [Music]
  • 00:18:53
    see love
  • 00:18:58
    [Music]
  • 00:19:10
    the decision to merge Malaya and
  • 00:19:13
    Singapore is celebrated by all
  • 00:19:16
    a partition of malaya into two parts
  • 00:19:19
    into the Federation and into Singapore
  • 00:19:21
    was seen as a very unnatural act
  • 00:19:24
    Singaporeans saw themselves as Malayan
  • 00:19:26
    they saw Malaya as one country everybody
  • 00:19:29
    thinks that Singapore is ours and they
  • 00:19:33
    shouldn't have been a barrier we could
  • 00:19:35
    have gone in shopping Singapore come
  • 00:19:37
    back it was the place where artists
  • 00:19:41
    would go to it was the place where you'd
  • 00:19:43
    go to if you wanted to get a better
  • 00:19:45
    education if you wanted more
  • 00:19:47
    opportunities Singapore is basically to
  • 00:19:50
    Malaya what New York is to the US or
  • 00:19:53
    London is to the UK it was the
  • 00:19:56
    intellectual cultural artistic capital
  • 00:19:59
    since the inception of the People's
  • 00:20:02
    Action Party in 1954 its manifesto has
  • 00:20:06
    included seeking Singapore's
  • 00:20:08
    independence through merger with Malaya
  • 00:20:11
    mojo has always been one of the aims of
  • 00:20:14
    Singapore's people it started off after
  • 00:20:17
    the war because we were in the pre but
  • 00:20:21
    they card generation and we go to
  • 00:20:23
    university and they be made with the
  • 00:20:26
    people from KL from Penang and we all
  • 00:20:28
    feel the same
  • 00:20:30
    [Music]
  • 00:20:38
    if we looked at the concept itself it's
  • 00:20:41
    a beautiful concept from economic point
  • 00:20:45
    of view so if all could join we could
  • 00:20:49
    all enjoy the common denominator of
  • 00:20:52
    development
  • 00:20:55
    now Lee Kuan Yew is hopeful this
  • 00:20:58
    long-held ambition will be fulfilled he
  • 00:21:03
    also hopes merger will address the issue
  • 00:21:06
    of growing communist influences in
  • 00:21:08
    Singapore including that within his own
  • 00:21:12
    party one of the radical left leaning
  • 00:21:16
    members in particular has caught the eye
  • 00:21:19
    of the Duke Dongo specifically cited lim
  • 00:21:23
    qin qiong's
  • 00:21:24
    and I quote talismanic ability to
  • 00:21:26
    organize the people of Singapore to
  • 00:21:28
    organize the left don't you fear that
  • 00:21:31
    limits shown come into a unified
  • 00:21:33
    Malaysia and organize the left-wing into
  • 00:21:36
    this coherent force against the Alliance
  • 00:21:40
    he was observing Singapore politics for
  • 00:21:43
    a couple of years but as he watched the
  • 00:21:45
    scene in Singapore he became
  • 00:21:47
    increasingly concerned that Lee Kuan Yew
  • 00:21:50
    was losing ground Lee Kuan Yew was
  • 00:21:52
    becoming politically weak Tunku had
  • 00:21:57
    recognized that is important for overall
  • 00:22:00
    security of Singapore and Malaya for
  • 00:22:02
    Singapore to be part of a Federation of
  • 00:22:04
    Malaya so the central government can
  • 00:22:06
    control the security situation in
  • 00:22:08
    Singapore ironically Lee Kuan Yew's
  • 00:22:12
    political weakness is the key element
  • 00:22:15
    needed to persuade Tunku to intervene he
  • 00:22:20
    believes a weak Singapore will become a
  • 00:22:23
    hotbed for communism meanwhile the
  • 00:22:30
    Borneo territories present a different
  • 00:22:32
    set of challenges so distant you know
  • 00:22:34
    they don't know whether the people of
  • 00:22:36
    Sabah Sarawak could integrate with us
  • 00:22:39
    they're not sure about that because some
  • 00:22:41
    of us have never beat Sabah Sarawak
  • 00:22:43
    before that generally we did not
  • 00:22:46
    understand the complexity of the
  • 00:22:50
    population there we had assumed that the
  • 00:22:54
    tribal people were like our orang asli
  • 00:22:57
    you know which was ridiculous regardless
  • 00:23:02
    the majority in the alliance put their
  • 00:23:05
    trust into goo although a lot of us were
  • 00:23:08
    ignorant about the proposal but I think
  • 00:23:11
    we had faith in our leaders that I think
  • 00:23:13
    give us the confidence that I think
  • 00:23:16
    Malaysia will work merger is rapidly
  • 00:23:19
    proving to be an uphill battle for those
  • 00:23:22
    planning it
  • 00:23:24
    [Music]
  • 00:23:25
    they were concerned about putting this
  • 00:23:27
    puzzle together of these different
  • 00:23:29
    territories with different histories and
  • 00:23:31
    at different stages I suppose in their
  • 00:23:33
    political and economic development on
  • 00:23:37
    the northeastern tip of the great island
  • 00:23:39
    of Borneo is Sabah the home of the
  • 00:23:42
    Doosan the Murat the Bajau and other
  • 00:23:44
    races bruna the ancient Malay Sultanate
  • 00:23:50
    which during the 15th century dominated
  • 00:23:52
    almost the whole of born largest of the
  • 00:23:57
    three Borneo territories to join in the
  • 00:23:58
    proposed Federation is surround the land
  • 00:24:01
    of the daya and ebon Kenya and Pune
  • 00:24:04
    Sir Robert too has many Malaysian
  • 00:24:06
    Chinese among her people in the East
  • 00:24:10
    things are not looking any brighter the
  • 00:24:15
    Borneo leaders are apprehensive about
  • 00:24:17
    the idea of merger the pono territories
  • 00:24:21
    and Malaya had hardly anything in common
  • 00:24:24
    in Malaya you have for example you have
  • 00:24:28
    Sultan you have King you have three
  • 00:24:31
    mainstream racists whereas in the poem
  • 00:24:36
    now has more than 40 ethnic communities
  • 00:24:44
    people in stock at that time the level
  • 00:24:47
    of education is severely limited the
  • 00:24:49
    understanding of the what's happening
  • 00:24:51
    outside is quite restricted so their
  • 00:24:54
    concern was if Malaysia has they
  • 00:24:58
    understood it but to happen what role
  • 00:25:02
    can they play the political environment
  • 00:25:04
    in North Borneo sera WA and Brunei was
  • 00:25:08
    very different
  • 00:25:09
    you do have political parties you do
  • 00:25:11
    have a group people who very interested
  • 00:25:13
    in politics why you have was individual
  • 00:25:15
    leaders within the community who was
  • 00:25:17
    starting to have an interest in politics
  • 00:25:19
    the Bonilla people are worried about the
  • 00:25:23
    intentions of the Tunku and Lee Kuan Yew
  • 00:25:27
    click when you want a federation between
  • 00:25:31
    Malaya and Singapore it made a lot of
  • 00:25:34
    sense because Singapore had no natural
  • 00:25:36
    resources Tunku on the other hand looked
  • 00:25:39
    at if only Malaya and Singapore for the
  • 00:25:43
    rate possibility Malay will be
  • 00:25:47
    outnumbered by the Chinese and to
  • 00:25:51
    without even having set foot in the
  • 00:25:53
    Borneo territories try rope in the
  • 00:25:57
    Borneo territories so they bought one
  • 00:26:00
    Malaysia for different reason Tunku
  • 00:26:03
    heads to Borneo on a diplomatic mission
  • 00:26:12
    it was alleged that the leadership in
  • 00:26:16
    Malaya the time were two assumptions
  • 00:26:18
    that sabah and sarawak were just like
  • 00:26:21
    melis
  • 00:26:24
    [Music]
  • 00:26:29
    my complaint was that lots of melenz
  • 00:26:32
    people from under for example who
  • 00:26:35
    visited there they would make a speech
  • 00:26:37
    they will come out and are Solomonic um
  • 00:26:40
    come out with hadees everything else
  • 00:26:41
    then after the event you realized the
  • 00:26:44
    whole group of Christians
  • 00:26:47
    I think the chunk of problem was naive
  • 00:26:50
    in thinking oh I forget these porneia
  • 00:26:52
    people they're just like us in that
  • 00:26:53
    world you know racially someone say for
  • 00:26:55
    that
  • 00:26:56
    it's a counterweight to the Chinese job
  • 00:26:58
    done and it wasn't a simple set of
  • 00:27:00
    course an influential North Borneo
  • 00:27:03
    leader emerges to oppose this plan
  • 00:27:06
    together with leaders from party Raja
  • 00:27:09
    Brunei and the Sirah WA
  • 00:27:10
    United Progressive Party or the su PP
  • 00:27:14
    there was quite a groundswell of
  • 00:27:18
    opposition to Tunku and he went on a
  • 00:27:19
    number of goodwill visits it really
  • 00:27:23
    stirred up a lot of bad way after the
  • 00:27:27
    trip to Borneo
  • 00:27:28
    Tunku is unsure about the future of
  • 00:27:31
    merger the divide between the people of
  • 00:27:34
    Borneo and Malaya seems too wide in
  • 00:27:38
    North Borneo is wrong there was no
  • 00:27:40
    religious factor for example the
  • 00:27:42
    development arm no and passive - la
  • 00:27:45
    Malaysia or Malaya was all about Islam
  • 00:27:48
    Malay nationalism and protection also
  • 00:27:50
    dance these were known issues in North
  • 00:27:53
    Borneo sarong because simply Islam was
  • 00:27:55
    not a factor without the participation
  • 00:27:58
    of the Borneo States the demographic
  • 00:28:01
    balance will not be - - coos like
  • 00:28:05
    [Music]
  • 00:28:13
    Tunku is adamant that the Borneo leaders
  • 00:28:16
    must agree to the proposal if any
  • 00:28:19
    progress is to be made the prime
  • 00:28:23
    minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew
  • 00:28:25
    realizes he must take up the challenge I
  • 00:28:29
    was told that the men who really wanted
  • 00:28:32
    Malaysia to come into being apart from
  • 00:28:35
    the British was Lee Kuan Yew himself
  • 00:28:38
    leave on you strongman everything he
  • 00:28:44
    wants he much studied that is character
  • 00:28:47
    he wants to make a success he wants to
  • 00:28:50
    create this Malaysia so if those people
  • 00:28:53
    are not joining I will go and tell them
  • 00:28:57
    how good it is it's not so much to who
  • 00:28:59
    asking him he wants it
  • 00:29:05
    you
  • 00:29:14
    Malaya's Prime Minister Tunku Abdul
  • 00:29:16
    Rahman needs the consent of North Borneo
  • 00:29:19
    Sarawak and Brunei to form a greater
  • 00:29:22
    Federation together with Singapore
  • 00:29:26
    Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew
  • 00:29:28
    is determined to work hard to persuade
  • 00:29:31
    them but first
  • 00:29:34
    Tunku extends an invitation to the
  • 00:29:37
    Borneo leaders to visit Malaya meanwhile
  • 00:29:43
    representatives from Sabah and Sarawak
  • 00:29:45
    called on the Malayan prime minister to
  • 00:29:48
    obtain a first-hand idea of what the
  • 00:29:50
    Malaysia plan would mean for their
  • 00:29:51
    countries in his usual sincere and Frank
  • 00:29:54
    manner the Tunku explained that Malaysia
  • 00:29:57
    would not only hasten their independence
  • 00:29:59
    it would bring untold benefits as well
  • 00:30:02
    during the visit tunku's deputy Razak
  • 00:30:06
    Hussain explains to the Borneo leaders
  • 00:30:09
    the progress made since independence
  • 00:30:12
    most of us have some inkling of what
  • 00:30:16
    Malaya was all about it is not only
  • 00:30:19
    modica it is more dekha with with an
  • 00:30:22
    effort to develop our country to be
  • 00:30:25
    better raza takes the Borneo leaders on
  • 00:30:29
    a tour we want to find out what is this
  • 00:30:32
    proposal very about we were shown around
  • 00:30:37
    a lot of school a lot of new roads a lot
  • 00:30:41
    of new water supply electricity's I was
  • 00:30:45
    really impressed with the
  • 00:30:47
    and have been shown to us and I even
  • 00:30:50
    said this everyone miss opals resilience
  • 00:30:56
    of Malaysia next members of the
  • 00:31:01
    legislative Assemblies of Singapore
  • 00:31:03
    Malaysia Sarawak Brunei and North Borneo
  • 00:31:07
    decide to proceed with formal
  • 00:31:09
    discussions regarding the idea the
  • 00:31:16
    members decided to set up the Malaysian
  • 00:31:20
    solidarity consultative committee and
  • 00:31:22
    they discuss the idea that to articulate
  • 00:31:25
    it in May surprisingly the committee
  • 00:31:29
    appoints The Skeptical North Borneo
  • 00:31:31
    leader
  • 00:31:31
    Donald Stevens as their chairman for
  • 00:31:35
    months he has shown reluctance to the
  • 00:31:37
    idea of bringing North Borneo to merge
  • 00:31:40
    with Malaya it is Singapore's Lee who
  • 00:31:45
    recommends that Steven's heads the
  • 00:31:47
    committee why you was a very good
  • 00:31:50
    personal friend of Turner Stevens they
  • 00:31:53
    meet up quite regularly even before the
  • 00:31:56
    idea of militia was touted the heads a
  • 00:32:00
    fair idea of how to work together
  • 00:32:05
    the Malaya and Singapore leaders look at
  • 00:32:08
    dollar Stephen as the most influential
  • 00:32:10
    the most articulate and possibly at the
  • 00:32:14
    time the most literate of the Borneo
  • 00:32:18
    territories videos Sam Booton tipper
  • 00:32:23
    South America and the animation e'terica
  • 00:32:25
    Lima Lima wilayah ito Willapa skanky
  • 00:32:28
    Sango Ponyo atop Gaga's and Malaysia I -
  • 00:32:30
    Pastor John et al azhar took a goon and
  • 00:32:32
    Alan posted on Pritam the bottom quasi
  • 00:32:34
    funding to cover Malaysia DJ certain
  • 00:32:37
    foreign augustana do
  • 00:32:44
    discussions are intense and many issues
  • 00:32:47
    are debated ultimately it comes down to
  • 00:32:51
    one question there is nothing else there
  • 00:32:55
    anyone to an out but to find out for
  • 00:32:57
    months are under people with everyone
  • 00:33:00
    Malaysia or whether we do the port
  • 00:33:03
    Malaysia
  • 00:33:04
    of course Sam has rawa they're
  • 00:33:06
    practically new to this idea they are
  • 00:33:09
    not so sure about the future so instead
  • 00:33:12
    of coming along with this idea of Turku
  • 00:33:15
    forming Malaysia they were thinking of
  • 00:33:17
    banding together with the 3s Sabah
  • 00:33:21
    Sarawak Singapore
  • 00:33:24
    he finally came to a resolution that all
  • 00:33:28
    these territories should be one
  • 00:33:29
    including Buddha the committee
  • 00:33:33
    recommended the continuation of the
  • 00:33:35
    present system of the appointment of his
  • 00:33:37
    majesty the young Tibetan are gone as
  • 00:33:39
    sovereign ruler of the new Federation
  • 00:33:41
    the new states would each have its own
  • 00:33:44
    head of state and its own constitution
  • 00:33:46
    although Islam would be the official
  • 00:33:48
    religion there will be complete freedom
  • 00:33:50
    of worship but the work is not
  • 00:33:59
    completely done while the msec is
  • 00:34:02
    holding discussions Singapore's Prime
  • 00:34:05
    Minister Li is facing tough opposition
  • 00:34:07
    to merger in his own country his
  • 00:34:13
    opponents in the socialist front or
  • 00:34:15
    Barisan socialists say that the process
  • 00:34:18
    must not be rushed but Lee Kuan Yew has
  • 00:34:22
    made merger a key pillar of his
  • 00:34:25
    manifesto
  • 00:34:27
    Lee knows he must win the Singaporean
  • 00:34:30
    public to his side
  • 00:34:33
    [Music]
  • 00:34:39
    good evening soon you will have to
  • 00:34:44
    decide on your future in the next few
  • 00:34:47
    months we shall settle the
  • 00:34:49
    constitutional arrangements for merger
  • 00:34:52
    murder is going to take place not just
  • 00:34:55
    because it's the desire of the PAP or
  • 00:34:59
    merely because it is the wish of the
  • 00:35:02
    Federation Alliance government it is as
  • 00:35:07
    inevitable as the rising and setting of
  • 00:35:09
    the Sun he engages in a series of 12
  • 00:35:15
    radio broadcasts a battle for merger was
  • 00:35:19
    really a battle for the hearts and minds
  • 00:35:20
    for the population in Singapore because
  • 00:35:23
    it pretty much at that time determine
  • 00:35:27
    whether or not Singapore would go it
  • 00:35:28
    alone or become independent as part of a
  • 00:35:31
    larger political entity no the radio to
  • 00:35:37
    tell people the budget with Abraha he
  • 00:35:40
    could Singapore Singapore hundreds of
  • 00:35:42
    firefighters sell through the radio
  • 00:35:45
    talks Lee Kuan Yew
  • 00:35:47
    cautions the public about a grave threat
  • 00:35:50
    in Singapore Malaya and for big para
  • 00:35:58
    with the commies he uses this to drive
  • 00:36:01
    home the idea that merger would suppress
  • 00:36:04
    or even eliminate the threat of
  • 00:36:06
    communism in the region
  • 00:36:09
    the idea that communist forces were
  • 00:36:12
    advancing through our service Asia was
  • 00:36:14
    very much a concern and fear amongst the
  • 00:36:17
    non communist governments and societies
  • 00:36:19
    in Southeast Asia so the next question
  • 00:36:23
    was what's going to happen to Singapore
  • 00:36:24
    Malaya very much a front in the Cold War
  • 00:36:26
    as well Lee Kuan Yew works tirelessly
  • 00:36:30
    day and night in the next few weeks he
  • 00:36:34
    uses valuable airtime to ensure
  • 00:36:36
    Singaporeans understand the urgent need
  • 00:36:40
    to win the battle for merger meanwhile
  • 00:36:44
    the Malaysia solidarity consultative
  • 00:36:46
    committee for MSC C continues its
  • 00:36:49
    meetings
  • 00:36:54
    at the third meeting in Kuala Lumpur the
  • 00:36:57
    Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman
  • 00:36:59
    declared that all states in Malaysia
  • 00:37:01
    would enjoy equal rights and status but
  • 00:37:05
    due to the special position of Singapore
  • 00:37:07
    the city-state would retain local powers
  • 00:37:09
    in labor and education the meeting
  • 00:37:12
    discussed the economic and financial
  • 00:37:14
    implications of Malaysia and what it
  • 00:37:16
    meant in terms of national development
  • 00:37:18
    piece by piece the Malaysia jigsaw fell
  • 00:37:21
    into place to produce a glowing picture
  • 00:37:24
    of a vigorous young nation in the nation
  • 00:37:29
    it was Lee Kuan Yew who managed to swing
  • 00:37:32
    their thinking around so that they would
  • 00:37:35
    band together in support tank whose idea
  • 00:37:38
    and cuckoos plea of good faith assures
  • 00:37:42
    the Borneo leaders that the future is
  • 00:37:44
    bright
  • 00:37:45
    Malaysia could not have been formed in
  • 00:37:48
    spite of the hard effort put in by Lee
  • 00:37:51
    Kuan Yew
  • 00:37:51
    if not for the fact that tank who gave
  • 00:37:53
    his personal assurances that he will
  • 00:37:56
    definitely take care of the people of
  • 00:37:58
    Sabah an hour
  • 00:37:59
    not to worry for as long as he is the
  • 00:38:02
    leader of this newly formed Federation
  • 00:38:05
    if you put your faith in his hand he
  • 00:38:09
    will look after it and with all
  • 00:38:12
    sincerity at his command because of that
  • 00:38:15
    I think it was very easy for us to sell
  • 00:38:19
    Malaysia
  • 00:38:27
    the successful ending of the conference
  • 00:38:30
    was celebrated by a big cultural show in
  • 00:38:33
    which all the countries of the donation
  • 00:38:35
    were represent
  • 00:38:36
    [Applause]
  • 00:38:47
    the Malaysian solidarity consultative
  • 00:38:50
    committee proves to be a great platform
  • 00:38:53
    for the leaders to discuss Malaysia in
  • 00:38:57
    November 1961
  • 00:39:00
    Tunku Lee Kuan Yew and the British Prime
  • 00:39:03
    Minister Harold Macmillan meet in London
  • 00:39:06
    to advance discussions about Malaysia a
  • 00:39:09
    conference of November 1961 agreed to
  • 00:39:12
    principles first was the British defence
  • 00:39:15
    interests in Singapore would be reserved
  • 00:39:16
    and the other was that the wishes of the
  • 00:39:19
    Borneo people should be consulted should
  • 00:39:21
    be ascertained the British established a
  • 00:39:24
    commission of inquiry to listen
  • 00:39:27
    firsthand to the people of Borneo about
  • 00:39:30
    their concerns on Malaysia to enjoy a
  • 00:39:35
    Cavalia Mamula can carry a gambling
  • 00:39:37
    table is magnitude or not it may not
  • 00:39:40
    kill Emily my Villa mashugana 11 -
  • 00:39:43
    moaning - container foreign sovereigns
  • 00:39:45
    rava Dhokla Mentos can Malaysia do that
  • 00:39:47
    number you're sure you are done yet
  • 00:39:49
    it was led it was chaired by Lord cobalt
  • 00:39:53
    a former governor of the Bank of England
  • 00:39:54
    and on it were two representatives of
  • 00:39:58
    Malaya and two representatives of the
  • 00:40:01
    British side who were there too I
  • 00:40:04
    suppose
  • 00:40:04
    protect the interests of the poor Nia
  • 00:40:07
    Peeples even at that time there were
  • 00:40:10
    still pockets of reservation in Zara not
  • 00:40:14
    so much then from people from the up
  • 00:40:17
    rural country but certainly within the
  • 00:40:20
    more urban particularly about the
  • 00:40:22
    Chinese component there were still
  • 00:40:24
    resistance of the idea of Malaysia
  • 00:40:28
    one of the argument used to promote the
  • 00:40:31
    other Malaysia this sense of security
  • 00:40:32
    the security is if your own you will not
  • 00:40:36
    be saved in the end the voice of the
  • 00:40:40
    people is heard
  • 00:40:42
    to cobbler a man in particular keeping
  • 00:40:45
    assuring that there was no plan to
  • 00:40:47
    colonize through our it is normally as
  • 00:40:50
    intention to do that what he wanted was
  • 00:40:53
    a merger of people who he said were from
  • 00:40:58
    the same stop generally well Malaya was
  • 00:41:01
    prepared to share their expertise it
  • 00:41:04
    will give them better prospect of
  • 00:41:07
    sharing their resources when we put this
  • 00:41:10
    idea to the vast majority of the people
  • 00:41:12
    Strava said why not we would like to be
  • 00:41:15
    part of Malaysia they went around Sabah
  • 00:41:19
    saw persuaded the people they were
  • 00:41:21
    accompanied by the leaders who say this
  • 00:41:22
    good for you
  • 00:41:23
    [Music]
  • 00:41:30
    before going back home Soviet premier
  • 00:41:33
    khrushchev gets in some parting shots at
  • 00:41:35
    the United Nations not since the Second
  • 00:41:46
    World War has so much animosity and
  • 00:41:49
    division existed between two superpowers
  • 00:41:56
    one of the Soviet Union's allies in
  • 00:41:59
    Southeast Asia is uneasy with the
  • 00:42:02
    developments in the region
  • 00:42:03
    he saw the creation of Malaysia is
  • 00:42:06
    actually a neo-colonial creation or the
  • 00:42:08
    British in in other words the British in
  • 00:42:10
    name pulled out but actually they are
  • 00:42:13
    still there through their proxies in
  • 00:42:16
    Tunku Andy Kahn you president Sukarno
  • 00:42:21
    Stokes the fires on the international
  • 00:42:24
    stage to divert attention from issues at
  • 00:42:27
    home
  • 00:42:28
    so karna had a lot of domestic problems
  • 00:42:31
    he was making a very delicate balance
  • 00:42:33
    between the Communists and the military
  • 00:42:36
    who hated each other and he was
  • 00:42:38
    maintaining that balance now so he
  • 00:42:40
    decided that the best way to deal with
  • 00:42:42
    that was to turn attention outside so
  • 00:42:45
    when the idea of Malaysia was mooted he
  • 00:42:48
    said what is this a diplomat at heart
  • 00:42:51
    Malaya's Prime Minister Tunku Abdul
  • 00:42:54
    Rahman tries to persuade sukarno to back
  • 00:42:57
    down from his aggressive stance nothing
  • 00:43:01
    must come in the way of forming Malaysia
  • 00:43:12
    Jeannie braless planet porcelain 20
  • 00:43:16
    munna in malaysia the oricon the entire
  • 00:43:18
    poem in pain for me pin liya
  • 00:43:19
    dignity Marvin three British artists
  • 00:43:22
    curve in channel your loved ones lungile
  • 00:43:24
    Cabo
  • 00:43:28
    telepathy on Bruning can cobraman than
  • 00:43:31
    pradhan mantri british one Harold
  • 00:43:33
    Macmillan poll but would your can forge
  • 00:43:35
    Andean with Gareth artists Malaysia I to
  • 00:43:37
    handle Empress - Johanna - Ella master
  • 00:43:40
    prolly on danfa near ahankhah dalat on
  • 00:43:43
    the date has been set in London for the
  • 00:43:46
    new Federation to be formed
  • 00:43:53
    as with the MIDI Commission in 1956 when
  • 00:43:59
    Malaya secured its independence
  • 00:44:01
    Tunku once again has shown a deft touch
  • 00:44:03
    when negotiating the formation of a new
  • 00:44:07
    nation
  • 00:44:08
    [Music]
  • 00:44:11
    and he is one step closer to forming one
  • 00:44:15
    of the biggest territories in Southeast
  • 00:44:17
    Asia
  • 00:44:22
    talented October yeah Negara Bahru
  • 00:44:25
    Malaysia - tada repent and then and
  • 00:44:28
    Alaska neelanand
  • 00:44:31
    satellizer Canada near the rock twini
  • 00:44:33
    Brad Cooper bhaga bhaga goddess chronic
  • 00:44:36
    la Sol online God with Hana bank our
  • 00:44:39
    analyte forgot to kind of pass along any
  • 00:44:42
    life pagado kanaka maole in e life
  • 00:44:45
    people get a hikita GW hito denied by
  • 00:44:48
    then a management car then a Prasad
  • 00:44:50
    castes Musa ant a certain angle I'd tell
  • 00:44:54
    at the Kara mangamma a bullet upon
  • 00:45:05
    [Applause]
  • 00:45:07
    Caledonia
  • 00:45:12
    I mean that I can say Lee Kuan Yew but
  • 00:45:18
    his fedora like a bank that went on to
  • 00:45:21
    sleepy town singapura mistook for Naga
  • 00:45:24
    and Alam and she attend our dance a to
  • 00:45:27
    do turn am reduce to the B&B singapura
  • 00:45:30
    add a lot Kabbalah Han : Ganguly Manolo
  • 00:45:36
    negra kita when Teresa - degree angle
  • 00:45:38
    abhi baaki e to Luxor Aswan razor
  • 00:45:44
    Buchanan's pagai Radio Moscow Chaka in
  • 00:45:49
    appendage AHA and Peru telugu Kentucky
  • 00:45:52
    Tonya was I agree Ducati - panda Johana
  • 00:45:56
    Burwood apical of Catania syndicate of
  • 00:45:58
    backers to cover the canyon de bas
  • 00:46:00
    together
  • 00:46:03
    Malaysia verse mangas get onto an alum
  • 00:46:08
    of Anita partnered echinacea
  • 00:46:12
    the maggots eat and run
  • 00:46:14
    [Music]
  • 00:46:21
    Yaqui dimension bombed Amiga a Kincaid
  • 00:46:24
    Jana and kamila Allah Allah Allah
  • 00:46:27
    USANA mom and Oh Antonia technical
  • 00:46:29
    barakatuh Merdeka Malaysia
  • 00:46:31
    [Music]
  • 00:46:41
    we're not alone we're not afraid
  • 00:46:46
    [Music]
  • 00:47:07
    [Music]
  • 00:47:29
    [Applause]
  • 00:47:34
    Oh
  • 00:47:36
    [Music]
标签
  • Malaysia
  • Independence
  • Tunku Abdul Rahman
  • Lee Kuan Yew
  • Merger
  • Borneo
  • Communism
  • Ethnic Tensions
  • Political Landscape
  • Grand Design