How to Thrive in eCommerce: Navigating eCommerce Beyond Amazon

00:29:20
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RV4wj6M1IlA

摘要

TLDRIn this episode of the Amazon Strategy Show, host John Cish is joined by Greg Elfrink from Empire Flippers to discuss strategies for managing the customer life cycle in e-commerce, with a focus on Amazon selling. They emphasize the importance of reducing dependency on Amazon and other tech giants by diversifying sales channels. The episode also touches on the current state of buying and selling businesses in the e-commerce space, noting that while the market is settling after the 2020-2022 boom, it's still a viable time to sell with better multiples than 2019. Greg provides insights into keyman risk—reliance on a single platform for sales—and advises that businesses should view Amazon as a channel, not the entire business model. Furthermore, the video explores the advantages of buying existing businesses over starting new ones, highlighting the potential for quicker returns and established systems. It also discusses the role of personal guarantees in acquiring businesses and how they should be perceived as manageable risks for experienced entrepreneurs. Lastly, it addresses the types of buyers currently active in the market—from individual entrepreneurs to private equity funds—and their motivations for purchasing businesses to expand through acquisitions. The conversation wraps with a call to e-commerce businesses to strategically use Amazon as part of a broader, diversified approach to reach consumers.

心得

  • 💡 Diversify beyond Amazon to mitigate risks.
  • 📈 Business valuation multiples are improving.
  • 🛒 Amazon should be a channel, not the entire strategy.
  • ⏳ Current market favorable for selling businesses.
  • 💼 Buying businesses can be a shortcut to success.
  • 🛍️ Private equity and entrepreneurs are active buyers.
  • 🔍 Due diligence processes are longer now.
  • 💸 Personal guarantees normal in business acquisitions.
  • 📊 Market is more rational post-boom phase.
  • 🚀 Avoid heavy reliance on Amazon for business stability.

时间轴

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    In the Amazon Strategy Show hosted by John Cish, guest Greg Elfrink from Empire Flippers discusses the changing landscape of buying and selling Amazon businesses. As the market recovers from the asset bubbles and uncertainty of the past few years, buyers are returning, albeit more cautiously. Greg emphasizes the importance of seizing the current opportunity to sell, as waiting for another market boom might be futile.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    Greg highlights the rise and fall of business valuations in the Amazon e-commerce space. At the peak, businesses sold for high multiples, but today's market offers more rational, yet still better multiples compared to 2019. Sellers are advised not to wait for another boom, as it requires multiple unlikely global events to happen simultaneously. The discussion emphasizes the historical context and potential opportunities in today's market.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    Greg discusses the trends in business buying, noting that the average buyer is now more realistic and experienced, focusing less on the passive income dream and more on sustainable growth. He advises against waiting for perfect conditions to sell, as historical data shows it's a great time to sell compared to previous lows. He shares insights on risk, such as personal guarantees, and real-life examples of buyers flipping businesses quickly for profit.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    The conversation delves deeper into the strategies of buying online businesses, including leveraging bigger deals for less risk. Greg shares stories of successful acquisitions and flips, illustrating that buying an existing business can be a more effective wealth-building strategy than starting from scratch. He advises new entrepreneurs to start small and learn the ropes before attempting larger acquisitions.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:29:20

    Greg's controversial take is the over-reliance of Amazon sellers on a single platform, which he views as a high-risk strategy. He recommends diversifying beyond Amazon to mitigate risks and enhance business viability. The episode concludes with actionable advice for Amazon sellers to treat Amazon as a traffic channel, not solely the core of their business. The importance of owning the customer lifecycle outside of major platforms is emphasized.

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思维导图

Mind Map

常见问题

  • What is the focus of the Amazon strategy show?

    The show focuses on practical strategies for Amazon businesses without relying on hacks or magic solutions.

  • Who is Greg Elfrink and what is his role in the video?

    Greg Elfrink is a guest speaker from Empire Flippers, sharing insights on e-commerce business strategies and market conditions.

  • What is the 'keyman risk' mentioned in the video?

    Keyman risk refers to the heavy reliance on a single point of failure, like Amazon or Google, which can jeopardize a business if the platform changes policies.

  • Why is diversification away from Amazon recommended?

    Diversification is recommended to reduce the risk of being too dependent on Amazon as the only sales channel and to create a more stable business model.

  • What are the benefits of buying an existing business instead of starting a new one?

    Buying an existing business provides a shortcut to acquiring established history, revenue, and systems, potentially generating wealth faster than starting from scratch.

  • Who are the typical buyers of businesses currently?

    Typical buyers include entrepreneurs looking to grow through acquisition and private equity entities, interested in leveraging existing business assets for gains.

  • What has changed in the business buying market from 2019 to now?

    The market has seen improvements in business valuation multiples, making it a better time to sell, despite being in a relatively down market compared to the 2020-2022 boom.

  • What advice is given about the risks of personal guarantees in business acquisitions?

    A personal guarantee is seen as a normal entrepreneurial risk, and while it's not for everyone, with confidence and skills, entrepreneurs should not fear it excessively.

  • What factors contributed to the 2020-2022 e-commerce boom?

    Factors included cheap capital, high demand due to the pandemic, and the rapid shift to online shopping.

  • What controversy surrounds reliance on Amazon as a sales channel?

    Relying too heavily on Amazon presents risks if the platform's policies change, which can severely affect sales and profitability for businesses tied exclusively to it.

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  • 00:00:00
    the more you can own the customer life
  • 00:00:01
    cycle the better I always recommend to
  • 00:00:04
    do as much as you can to turn these big
  • 00:00:06
    Tech Giants we rely on into just a
  • 00:00:08
    traffic
  • 00:00:14
    channel hello I'm your host John cish
  • 00:00:16
    and welcome to season 3 of the Amazon
  • 00:00:18
    strategy show the show that's all
  • 00:00:19
    strategy with no hacks no silver bullets
  • 00:00:21
    and no magic pills just real practical
  • 00:00:23
    strategies for your Amazon business
  • 00:00:26
    today I'm joined by none other than Greg
  • 00:00:28
    elfrink from Empire flippers Greg a
  • 00:00:30
    friend of mine and he's also based in
  • 00:00:31
    hoim Min City Vietnam where I was based
  • 00:00:33
    until two months ago now I live in uh
  • 00:00:35
    Central Vietnam so from the oil fields
  • 00:00:38
    of Alaska GRE has become one of the most
  • 00:00:40
    influential speakers in the e-commerce
  • 00:00:41
    industry talking about strategies on how
  • 00:00:43
    to maximize the exit of your e-commerce
  • 00:00:45
    business actually and many different
  • 00:00:47
    types of online business today he joins
  • 00:00:49
    us to share about where we are in the
  • 00:00:50
    selling cycle and if it's a good time to
  • 00:00:53
    buy or sell your Amazon business right
  • 00:00:55
    now so Greg welcome to the show thanks
  • 00:00:57
    for having me John I'm glad uh we were
  • 00:01:00
    able to get on each other's podcast for
  • 00:01:02
    everyone listening to this if you want
  • 00:01:04
    to hear John's wisdom check out my
  • 00:01:05
    podcast but yeah man good to be here
  • 00:01:07
    always always a pleasure to chat with
  • 00:01:08
    you yeah you too and yeah we did it two
  • 00:01:11
    days ago so if you're interested in the
  • 00:01:13
    story of cell candy you can go and check
  • 00:01:15
    out the Empire purpose podcast I'm sure
  • 00:01:17
    it's got a great uh optimized name being
  • 00:01:19
    that Greg is the marketing manager oh
  • 00:01:21
    Lauren takes care of that for we be
  • 00:01:24
    relying on her I guess awesome so we are
  • 00:01:28
    now in 2024 um September we had the huge
  • 00:01:32
    boom when everyone was throwing down
  • 00:01:34
    getting rich then we had a lol
  • 00:01:36
    whereabouts are we now between the highs
  • 00:01:39
    of 2021 and the lows of 2023 yeah so I
  • 00:01:44
    think we're in a weird spot so when it
  • 00:01:45
    comes to buying or selling businesses
  • 00:01:47
    people can do it in a Up Cycle or a down
  • 00:01:50
    cycle the moment that they stopped doing
  • 00:01:53
    either is in moments of uncertainty
  • 00:01:55
    which for the last I would say 2 years
  • 00:01:58
    we've been in a pretty uncertain Market
  • 00:02:00
    as the co hangover ends as the asset
  • 00:02:03
    bubbles pop as uh you know Capital
  • 00:02:05
    becomes more expensive all this kind of
  • 00:02:07
    stuff right now with that said buyers
  • 00:02:10
    are coming back buyers are buying
  • 00:02:12
    businesses again they're being much more
  • 00:02:14
    conservative than they used to which is
  • 00:02:16
    good because they were honestly like you
  • 00:02:18
    know my take on it they were pretty
  • 00:02:20
    stupid the acid bubble they were like
  • 00:02:22
    doing crazy dumb acquisition strategies
  • 00:02:25
    and just like way overpaying uh and like
  • 00:02:28
    from a broker perspective seller
  • 00:02:29
    perspective that's great but from a
  • 00:02:31
    buyer perspective like it was a very bad
  • 00:02:33
    strategy right uh so they're doing
  • 00:02:35
    better they're coming back uh due
  • 00:02:36
    diligence is taking longer so like back
  • 00:02:38
    in the Heyday like we were selling a
  • 00:02:40
    million dollar business once per a week
  • 00:02:42
    like now that takes like 90 days to 120
  • 00:02:45
    days to I really get that deal go
  • 00:02:47
    through and it's not terribly uncommon
  • 00:02:49
    for a buyer to say hey I want 45 days of
  • 00:02:51
    due diligence and that turns into you
  • 00:02:53
    know an extra two three months of due
  • 00:02:55
    diligence on top of that so much slower
  • 00:02:58
    but uh overall all uh like I talked to a
  • 00:03:01
    lot of Sellers and they'll say like oh I
  • 00:03:03
    I'm going to wait until the next moment
  • 00:03:05
    like that to sell and I think this is a
  • 00:03:08
    a very bad thing to do and ultimately a
  • 00:03:10
    foolish thing to do I'm not saying that
  • 00:03:12
    from like a buas of I want you to sell
  • 00:03:13
    with me of course I do but the reason
  • 00:03:16
    why I say that is if you look at
  • 00:03:18
    multiples back in 2019 so I've been in
  • 00:03:20
    this industry for a little bit over
  • 00:03:21
    eight years now brokering businesses
  • 00:03:23
    I've helped sell 2,000 businesses built
  • 00:03:25
    a buyer Network in the billions right so
  • 00:03:27
    I've seen a lot of different business
  • 00:03:28
    models and seen a lot of Trends come and
  • 00:03:30
    go and in 2019 the multiples were
  • 00:03:33
    extremely low compared to 2020 to 2022
  • 00:03:37
    now we're in 20124 inent toward is 2025
  • 00:03:40
    and we're in a quote unquote pretty down
  • 00:03:42
    Market compared to where we were but if
  • 00:03:44
    you look at the multiples 2day versus
  • 00:03:46
    2019 they're significantly better like
  • 00:03:50
    like 90day difference so it's still the
  • 00:03:53
    second best time to sell and the reason
  • 00:03:55
    why I think it's foolish for a lot of
  • 00:03:56
    sellers to wait is for that another
  • 00:03:59
    asset B is because it probably won't
  • 00:04:01
    happen because that in order for that to
  • 00:04:03
    happen you need like several Black Swan
  • 00:04:05
    events all working together historically
  • 00:04:07
    cheap capital globalwide a pandemic
  • 00:04:11
    that's forcing the function of everyone
  • 00:04:12
    going to online purchases you know a
  • 00:04:15
    incredibly boomy Market uh high
  • 00:04:17
    employment rate remote work like all the
  • 00:04:20
    stuff that needs to come together to
  • 00:04:21
    recreate that scenario so I say that
  • 00:04:24
    again not to get a seller to sell with
  • 00:04:25
    me but to say like if that's your goal
  • 00:04:28
    like you might miss out on on millions
  • 00:04:30
    of dollars waiting for something that
  • 00:04:31
    likely won't happen again but yeah so
  • 00:04:33
    that's where we're at with the market
  • 00:04:35
    still good it's wounded recovering uh
  • 00:04:37
    deals are happening it's just happening
  • 00:04:39
    more rationally Now versus what it was
  • 00:04:42
    used to do so yeah oh yeah I saw some
  • 00:04:45
    crazy crazy deals some of our friends
  • 00:04:48
    and some of our clients just got
  • 00:04:49
    acquired at all Cash 3 to 5x so yeah
  • 00:04:54
    crazy crazy good deals for them that's
  • 00:04:56
    great for them so what were the kind of
  • 00:04:57
    average multiples or the range multiples
  • 00:04:59
    in 19 compared to now for specifically
  • 00:05:02
    for Amazon Ecom businesses Amazon
  • 00:05:04
    Centric Ecom businesses sure so I I for
  • 00:05:07
    your audience if they're used to annual
  • 00:05:09
    EA multiples like the 14x uh just to be
  • 00:05:13
    clear EF we always price things in
  • 00:05:14
    monthly so my mind thinks in monthly
  • 00:05:16
    multiples so don't be shocked when I say
  • 00:05:18
    these numbers uh just divide them by 12
  • 00:05:20
    you get the annual e 48 uh 50x please
  • 00:05:23
    yeah yeah yeah yeah uh so we're the only
  • 00:05:26
    ones who price it in that way so I know
  • 00:05:28
    someone grew up on the F Kool-Aid if
  • 00:05:30
    they're saying like 48x versus like
  • 00:05:33
    4X but uh yeah during the height of it
  • 00:05:35
    all man like we saw some deals literally
  • 00:05:38
    go for 65x I mean we're talking about
  • 00:05:41
    like a large SAS company multiple that
  • 00:05:44
    is being applied to a small Amazon FBA
  • 00:05:47
    business and this is what I mean about
  • 00:05:49
    irrationality right uh because there's a
  • 00:05:51
    lot of flaws with the Amazon model like
  • 00:05:53
    there's a lot of value in it too but not
  • 00:05:55
    that kind of value at least not in the
  • 00:05:57
    way that business was set up right so I
  • 00:06:00
    I think during the height we were seeing
  • 00:06:02
    between 45 and 55x was like decently
  • 00:06:05
    common if you're above seven figures in
  • 00:06:07
    terms of your valuation now if you go
  • 00:06:09
    lower than that then you're really
  • 00:06:10
    inching closer to like 37 to 42x around
  • 00:06:13
    there um nowadays uh I would say smaller
  • 00:06:17
    deals will probably be between 30 to 35x
  • 00:06:20
    and bigger deals would like over a
  • 00:06:22
    million dollar valuation will probably
  • 00:06:24
    be closer between 33 and
  • 00:06:26
    40x okay see toen in the old yearly
  • 00:06:30
    multiple terms 2.5 to 3x on the smaller
  • 00:06:32
    end uh three I didn't catch the last
  • 00:06:36
    number but like 3.5x on the higher end
  • 00:06:38
    3.5 to
  • 00:06:39
    four and this like some people will look
  • 00:06:42
    at oh God that's so low but like if you
  • 00:06:44
    look at all business brokering so not
  • 00:06:46
    just in the digital space but like you
  • 00:06:48
    know your mom and pop shop in UK or
  • 00:06:51
    America like your local plumber whatever
  • 00:06:54
    almost all smbs get a valuation between
  • 00:06:57
    1 to 4X and you'll e it up so so this is
  • 00:07:00
    what I I mean again like we're just back
  • 00:07:01
    to normal basically and it feels painful
  • 00:07:04
    but it's actually as far as digital
  • 00:07:06
    businesses go way better than it was in
  • 00:07:08
    2019 because in 2019 you'd be lucky to
  • 00:07:10
    get above 2x uh because not a lot of
  • 00:07:13
    people really trusted online businesses
  • 00:07:15
    like when I first came on to EF in 2016
  • 00:07:18
    we were known as the 20x guys you divide
  • 00:07:20
    that by 12 is not even 2x cuz everything
  • 00:07:23
    we like only sold for 20x and we would
  • 00:07:25
    have to tell sellers like no we will
  • 00:07:27
    price it higher but no one would buy
  • 00:07:29
    higher
  • 00:07:30
    because there's like no trust in digital
  • 00:07:32
    assets so now there's a parody with
  • 00:07:35
    digital businesses like there's never
  • 00:07:36
    been before uh with more brick and
  • 00:07:39
    mortar businesses yeah I wonder if that
  • 00:07:41
    number the overall number is brought
  • 00:07:42
    down by the fact that a lot of the
  • 00:07:44
    businesses smbs are sold you know a
  • 00:07:46
    boomer businesses that they just want to
  • 00:07:47
    get out of a 1x so they can get
  • 00:07:49
    something out of the asset they built
  • 00:07:51
    for the last 20 years so that's part of
  • 00:07:54
    it but uh there's more other other
  • 00:07:57
    mechanics going on it on there so with
  • 00:07:58
    the a lot of brick and mortar businesses
  • 00:08:00
    they most of them honestly can't even be
  • 00:08:02
    sold so they're never even going to get
  • 00:08:04
    to the 14x they're like zerox right like
  • 00:08:07
    it's an impossible business to sell like
  • 00:08:09
    my dad he he owns a multi-million dollar
  • 00:08:11
    real estate agency firm in Alaska the
  • 00:08:14
    asset value of that is zero dollar
  • 00:08:17
    because he's the only producer what are
  • 00:08:18
    they buying there's nothing to buy you
  • 00:08:20
    know so uh like a lot of businesses are
  • 00:08:24
    that way so most businesses just out of
  • 00:08:25
    the gate don't even qualify to be able
  • 00:08:27
    to be sold so there's that uh but a lot
  • 00:08:30
    of the Boomer stuff like like that is
  • 00:08:33
    being talked about a lot but there's a
  • 00:08:34
    bit of overhype in that too like a lot
  • 00:08:37
    of those businesses are being sold on
  • 00:08:39
    the cheaper side because again they ran
  • 00:08:42
    out of energy to grow and maintain it so
  • 00:08:43
    a lot of them are declining this is why
  • 00:08:45
    you see like gurus say the no money down
  • 00:08:47
    deal which is totally possible but the
  • 00:08:50
    way they uh pitch it to newbies because
  • 00:08:52
    I have to break newbies dreams every
  • 00:08:53
    week who comes to me wanting to do a no
  • 00:08:55
    money down offer it's like this is an
  • 00:08:57
    extremely Advanced strategy and and
  • 00:08:59
    extremely risky like you should only be
  • 00:09:01
    doing a no money down strategy if you've
  • 00:09:04
    done like some normal stuff you have
  • 00:09:06
    some like normal Acquisitions if you
  • 00:09:08
    done like uh you know you have some
  • 00:09:10
    Capital you like know what you're doing
  • 00:09:11
    like it's not newbie friendly even
  • 00:09:13
    though it's very sexy to a newbie to do
  • 00:09:15
    stuff like that but yeah so that that's
  • 00:09:17
    kind of my take like uh the Boomer stuff
  • 00:09:20
    yeah it does drag down the multiple a
  • 00:09:22
    little bit but not as much as you might
  • 00:09:23
    think like even they have to have a
  • 00:09:25
    pretty quality business to be able to
  • 00:09:27
    sell it if they're brick and mortar CU
  • 00:09:28
    most of them just aren't selling
  • 00:09:30
    that makes sense yeah I mean we're not
  • 00:09:31
    all going to get rich on car washes and
  • 00:09:33
    laundromats because otherwise there
  • 00:09:34
    would be in the world would be inundated
  • 00:09:36
    with just oh the laundr to be like
  • 00:09:38
    Vietnam and coffee shops I'm so glad you
  • 00:09:40
    brought this up so I will not mention
  • 00:09:42
    names but there is a famous influencer
  • 00:09:44
    uh in my world that uh bought a launder
  • 00:09:46
    mat using no money down like basically
  • 00:09:49
    debt and one of my broker friends he ran
  • 00:09:51
    through the numbers and like she the
  • 00:09:55
    person never said what uh uh uh you know
  • 00:09:57
    how much money she was making she just
  • 00:09:58
    like put the numbers up on there hoping
  • 00:10:00
    no one would look into them right but if
  • 00:10:01
    you look into the numbers like you're
  • 00:10:03
    losing like a100 to $600 a
  • 00:10:07
    month with the business and it's ainger
  • 00:10:10
    mat you know you're not going to go 3x
  • 00:10:12
    ainger mat right it's very local like
  • 00:10:15
    there's things you can do to tweak it
  • 00:10:17
    and like lower expenses obviously but
  • 00:10:20
    it's not like a SAS business or FBA
  • 00:10:22
    business where you increase your
  • 00:10:23
    conversion and double your customers
  • 00:10:24
    with the same amount of money right it's
  • 00:10:26
    just that's not the business model that
  • 00:10:28
    can happen so yeah there's a bunch of
  • 00:10:30
    disinformation now surprise
  • 00:10:32
    surprise yeah I love the idea of those
  • 00:10:34
    businesses you know you got a bunch of
  • 00:10:35
    cash like I love the idea of just buying
  • 00:10:38
    you know after being in digital business
  • 00:10:39
    for so long and it being so intangible
  • 00:10:42
    they're being like Oh yeah I mean it's
  • 00:10:44
    here we just make ourselves available
  • 00:10:45
    and then people will come you you think
  • 00:10:48
    that till the washers start breaking and
  • 00:10:50
    you have to hire a high-end $50 an hour
  • 00:10:52
    technician to fix it yeah or either You'
  • 00:10:55
    got that which is one problem or you've
  • 00:10:57
    got the problem of having a bunch of
  • 00:10:58
    lowlevel employees Which is far wor far
  • 00:11:01
    worse problem to have because then you
  • 00:11:02
    have to manage those people which is my
  • 00:11:05
    least favorite part of business if I was
  • 00:11:06
    to do that yeah and in those businesses
  • 00:11:08
    you often don't even have the margin to
  • 00:11:10
    hire a higher level employee right so
  • 00:11:11
    you're always kind of limited you have a
  • 00:11:13
    skilled cap of what you can hire for
  • 00:11:16
    unless you own a bunch of them at scale
  • 00:11:17
    Everything Changes obviously but just
  • 00:11:19
    like one off shop yeah it's uh rougher
  • 00:11:21
    than Twitter makes it out the same okay
  • 00:11:23
    all right just realized way off way off
  • 00:11:25
    topic let's go back on to online nor
  • 00:11:28
    laundromats
  • 00:11:29
    um we don't sell though don't worry so
  • 00:11:32
    we've been through it it's possible to
  • 00:11:34
    sell now multiples are are better than
  • 00:11:36
    they were in 2019 which is awesome um
  • 00:11:39
    what about buying businesses like who is
  • 00:11:42
    you know if you can share I mean who's
  • 00:11:43
    your kind ofo for a buyer right now and
  • 00:11:46
    what's their goal with buying yeah so I
  • 00:11:49
    would say our average buyer today is
  • 00:11:51
    much like our average seller just a
  • 00:11:53
    little bit further along in the road so
  • 00:11:56
    at EF we've always had like a smattering
  • 00:11:58
    of different typ YP of buyers like the
  • 00:12:00
    people want to become digital Nomads
  • 00:12:02
    people want to buy side hustles and then
  • 00:12:03
    other entrepreneurs looking to grow
  • 00:12:05
    through acquisition and during 2020 to
  • 00:12:07
    2022 we got a new segment which was
  • 00:12:09
    Private Equity started really coming in
  • 00:12:11
    hard and they're still there like we
  • 00:12:13
    just sold a uh close to $13 million
  • 00:12:15
    business to a multinational corporation
  • 00:12:18
    they were a strategic buyer back with PE
  • 00:12:20
    funding all that kind of stuff so
  • 00:12:21
    they're still there but I would say the
  • 00:12:23
    average buyer today is much more of an
  • 00:12:26
    entrepreneur in the trenches so they
  • 00:12:28
    don't have like you deal with two
  • 00:12:31
    different unrealistic things in my
  • 00:12:33
    marketplace with two different buyers
  • 00:12:34
    you have the Newbie who thinks like oh
  • 00:12:36
    Amazon FBA it's passive I only have to
  • 00:12:38
    work an hour a week which yeah that's
  • 00:12:40
    true if you like tweak it out and you
  • 00:12:41
    like systemize and stuff but like
  • 00:12:43
    there's going to be weeks where you're
  • 00:12:44
    working 80 hours a week because
  • 00:12:45
    something goes wrong like that's his
  • 00:12:47
    business right so they come in with a
  • 00:12:49
    bit of the passive income dream and then
  • 00:12:51
    the private Equity people uh they often
  • 00:12:53
    come in with the spreadsheet spreadsheet
  • 00:12:55
    dream which is like spreadsheet goes up
  • 00:12:58
    and just no connection to the reality of
  • 00:13:00
    business you know like your spreadshe
  • 00:13:01
    isn't taking into account Co or like a
  • 00:13:03
    CO hangover or like your marketing sucks
  • 00:13:06
    your operations sucks everything is
  • 00:13:07
    confused and it's a mess like where's
  • 00:13:08
    that in your spreadsheet you know so
  • 00:13:10
    they often like miss out on reality with
  • 00:13:12
    the business which I think the
  • 00:13:13
    aggregators suffered from but the actual
  • 00:13:16
    entrepreneurs buying from us they are
  • 00:13:18
    obviously much more attuned to how
  • 00:13:20
    business really works because they're in
  • 00:13:21
    the trenches now they often don't give
  • 00:13:24
    as sweet of a deal to the seller as say
  • 00:13:26
    like the private Equity does uh they're
  • 00:13:27
    not as bad to deal with with with the
  • 00:13:29
    newbies I shouldn't say bad but there's
  • 00:13:31
    not less handholding because they know
  • 00:13:32
    what to do right ver the newbies are a
  • 00:13:34
    lot more they have a lot more anxiety
  • 00:13:35
    because it's a pretty big purchase uh so
  • 00:13:38
    I would say any business over a million
  • 00:13:40
    dollars between like1 to $3 million uh
  • 00:13:43
    like private Equity might still be in
  • 00:13:44
    there but often it will be just a higher
  • 00:13:46
    level entrepreneur further along on the
  • 00:13:48
    path and their goal is to grow through
  • 00:13:49
    acquisition because uh like buying a
  • 00:13:53
    business is the most legitimate shortcut
  • 00:13:56
    to wealth in my view and they totally
  • 00:13:59
    get it oh yeah so can you expand on that
  • 00:14:02
    a little bit you know the benefit you
  • 00:14:03
    know the reasons for buying instead of
  • 00:14:05
    starting your own business no there's so
  • 00:14:07
    many but I I'll share a funny story to
  • 00:14:09
    kind of highlight what I mean uh I to be
  • 00:14:12
    clear to your audience I do not
  • 00:14:13
    recommend anyone to do this this is a
  • 00:14:16
    very risky thing I'm going to say but it
  • 00:14:18
    happened on our Marketplace and I think
  • 00:14:20
    it's very funny and it shows the
  • 00:14:21
    difference between starting a business
  • 00:14:23
    and buying a business I think quite
  • 00:14:24
    clearly so we had this guy he bought a
  • 00:14:27
    very small business from us I think it
  • 00:14:28
    was like1 ,000 so it was a Content site
  • 00:14:30
    you know monetize your affiliate display
  • 00:14:32
    ads so he buys this business it was
  • 00:14:34
    quite competitive to get there's a lot
  • 00:14:36
    of people who wanted to buy it was a
  • 00:14:37
    very quality site and after he buys it
  • 00:14:41
    we haven't even started migrating it yet
  • 00:14:42
    to him so we open up a migration ticket
  • 00:14:44
    to hand over the business to him from
  • 00:14:46
    the seller right he asked this our team
  • 00:14:47
    like hey was there a lot of other people
  • 00:14:49
    looking to buy this and we said yeah it
  • 00:14:50
    was quite competitive he said well I'll
  • 00:14:53
    you want to reach out to any of those
  • 00:14:54
    guys I'll sell it to them right now
  • 00:14:56
    $155,000 no questions asked where
  • 00:14:58
    they're like like uh okay so we reached
  • 00:15:00
    out to all the buyers who wanted it one
  • 00:15:02
    of them sure enough did buy it for
  • 00:15:05
    $115,000 that guy owned the business for
  • 00:15:08
    an hour and made 15 grand like he didn't
  • 00:15:11
    have the asset like wasn't it wasn't
  • 00:15:14
    like basically arbitraged it right now
  • 00:15:17
    right if you start a business you're at
  • 00:15:20
    zero traffic zero money you're not going
  • 00:15:22
    to make 15 grand an hour it's impossible
  • 00:15:25
    you have no history there's no way to
  • 00:15:26
    sell it like the youngest like that I
  • 00:15:29
    recommend to sell a business is 18
  • 00:15:31
    months and even that is pretty short
  • 00:15:33
    there's not enough history but when you
  • 00:15:35
    buy a business that guy only owned it
  • 00:15:37
    for an hour but he owned five years of
  • 00:15:40
    History within that hour it's not like
  • 00:15:42
    that history goes away CU there's a new
  • 00:15:44
    owner it's still all there right so
  • 00:15:46
    that's like one of the really powerful
  • 00:15:48
    things of buying a business and what I
  • 00:15:49
    mean by shortcut like that guy literally
  • 00:15:51
    profited off five years of work that he
  • 00:15:53
    only had to spend an hour and show he
  • 00:15:55
    had the money to acquire that hour of
  • 00:15:57
    ownership right uh so that's like the
  • 00:16:00
    beauty of buying business and again for
  • 00:16:01
    obvious reasons do not recommend doing
  • 00:16:03
    this like it like if that's your main
  • 00:16:05
    strategy there's a very high chance it
  • 00:16:06
    won't work out worked out for him but
  • 00:16:08
    that shows you the power of buying a
  • 00:16:10
    business versus building interesting
  • 00:16:12
    just to dive into that a little bit did
  • 00:16:14
    that make him any money after he did you
  • 00:16:17
    have he did you pay you the 15 10 15% on
  • 00:16:21
    that as well and did he actually make
  • 00:16:23
    anything in the end yeah I think I think
  • 00:16:25
    he came out at like six or seven Grand
  • 00:16:28
    in profit after our commission something
  • 00:16:30
    like that yeah which is like two months
  • 00:16:32
    of what the business was making I guess
  • 00:16:34
    yeah pretty close interesting
  • 00:16:36
    interesting strategy I don't know if I
  • 00:16:37
    would personally flip something for like
  • 00:16:39
    you know 6% when if i' spent all this
  • 00:16:41
    time negotiating and finding and like is
  • 00:16:44
    it worth getting out of bed for that
  • 00:16:45
    much money so if you're a newbie buyer
  • 00:16:47
    and like I said I don't recommend doing
  • 00:16:49
    this I I don't remember if he was a
  • 00:16:51
    newbie buyer or not I think he might be
  • 00:16:53
    because of the price but deals like this
  • 00:16:55
    actually happen all the time with m&a
  • 00:16:57
    junkies like they the they view
  • 00:16:59
    businesses as their product not as their
  • 00:17:01
    asset so they view themselves as a store
  • 00:17:03
    of businesses right so I I know of
  • 00:17:05
    people who will go and buy A5 $6 million
  • 00:17:08
    deal and it's not like an hour thing
  • 00:17:10
    like this guy but it's basically the
  • 00:17:11
    same concept they will they have a
  • 00:17:13
    network of higher buyers they got this
  • 00:17:15
    deal out a low low multiple because of
  • 00:17:17
    negotiation there's often like private
  • 00:17:20
    like a great example so there I was
  • 00:17:22
    talking to a guy he has a eight figure
  • 00:17:23
    marketing agency I was telling him about
  • 00:17:25
    an agency rollup idea uh where you put
  • 00:17:27
    white label SEO Services together and he
  • 00:17:30
    immediately scoffed at it he's like
  • 00:17:32
    white label no they want in-house Talent
  • 00:17:35
    like who is they and is this bigger
  • 00:17:38
    private Equity that goes and buys big
  • 00:17:39
    agent big agencies and they refuse to
  • 00:17:42
    buy white label because they view it as
  • 00:17:44
    low quality and like well their view is
  • 00:17:47
    actually our opportunity because if you
  • 00:17:49
    went and bought those white label stuff
  • 00:17:51
    that they snuffed their nose at well
  • 00:17:53
    guess what you get to do you're the
  • 00:17:54
    owner you just make a not white label
  • 00:17:56
    easy done yeah yeah like you you use the
  • 00:18:00
    white to go acquire other agencies that
  • 00:18:02
    have a better retail face and then you
  • 00:18:04
    package it up and you go to that agency
  • 00:18:06
    hey I heard you buy really great agent
  • 00:18:07
    yeah but no white label oh don't worry
  • 00:18:09
    we're not white label and they're like
  • 00:18:11
    great and they'll go pay you like 3 5x
  • 00:18:14
    of a of a bigger mult no probably not 5x
  • 00:18:16
    but two to 3x bigger than what you
  • 00:18:18
    bought it for and that could all be done
  • 00:18:20
    with like very minimal changes over a
  • 00:18:21
    period of 6 to 12 months so this is what
  • 00:18:24
    I mean like deals like this happen all
  • 00:18:26
    the time another example would be I know
  • 00:18:29
    a buyer he not with us but a different
  • 00:18:31
    business he bought a business uh I think
  • 00:18:33
    it was like 3 mil and he he got it for
  • 00:18:36
    like 2 and a half the fair market would
  • 00:18:37
    probably be 3 mil and he went to the
  • 00:18:40
    leadership of the team sold them Equity
  • 00:18:42
    as if it is at 3 million because that's
  • 00:18:44
    what it was going to be like after two
  • 00:18:46
    months and he was able to bring down
  • 00:18:48
    that uh his own cash uh intake pretty
  • 00:18:51
    quickly and then within six seven months
  • 00:18:53
    he again sold it to a bigger private
  • 00:18:55
    Equity so stuff like this happens all
  • 00:18:57
    the time in the m&a world but again is
  • 00:18:59
    these are Advanced things and I don't
  • 00:19:01
    recommend someone starting to try to do
  • 00:19:03
    this no I love it I mean actually I have
  • 00:19:06
    another story my friend did the same
  • 00:19:07
    thing you know some of my friends who
  • 00:19:08
    sold FBA they bought in their FBA
  • 00:19:10
    business like 3x um thinking they were
  • 00:19:12
    going to grow it loads off Amazon they
  • 00:19:14
    grow it significantly off Amazon but
  • 00:19:16
    they went from 10% sales to 30% sales
  • 00:19:18
    off Amazon and the rest of the revenue
  • 00:19:19
    kind of stayed the same so it went up a
  • 00:19:21
    little bit but during that time the
  • 00:19:22
    market went from 3x to 5x for that type
  • 00:19:25
    of business so they walked away with you
  • 00:19:27
    know 3 million bucks so you and you
  • 00:19:29
    couldn't do that if you were starting
  • 00:19:30
    from zero in in within two years you
  • 00:19:32
    know two two and a half years as you
  • 00:19:33
    said absolutely absolutely and here
  • 00:19:35
    here's another crazy thing that a lot of
  • 00:19:37
    people don't think about so if you're a
  • 00:19:39
    newbie buyer I do recommend you like
  • 00:19:41
    like buy a sight hustle first and get
  • 00:19:43
    used to the process use a broker if
  • 00:19:45
    you've never done it doesn't have to be
  • 00:19:46
    me but like a broker can be quite
  • 00:19:48
    helpful and what is often a confusing
  • 00:19:49
    Journey but buy something small and be
  • 00:19:52
    okay if you might lose that money but
  • 00:19:53
    once you get like your feet like wet and
  • 00:19:56
    you get a taste of it like one of the
  • 00:19:59
    least risky ways to go buy a business is
  • 00:20:02
    to buy a bigger business like instead of
  • 00:20:04
    doing a 200k business try to buy a $3
  • 00:20:06
    million business because the bigger you
  • 00:20:09
    get the less fragility is in the
  • 00:20:11
    business and the more leverage you have
  • 00:20:14
    and multiple different ways so uh a lot
  • 00:20:16
    of people are afraid to go big but often
  • 00:20:19
    the in my view when buying a business
  • 00:20:21
    the risk is in the smaller smaller
  • 00:20:23
    businesses so actually I guess the
  • 00:20:26
    question I would have if if you said
  • 00:20:27
    that to me and if I was the if I was
  • 00:20:28
    sitting in the buyer shoes now would be
  • 00:20:30
    so I assume I'm going to buy that
  • 00:20:31
    business that's definitely going to be
  • 00:20:32
    debt I guess an SBA loan or something
  • 00:20:35
    else would that be personally guaranteed
  • 00:20:37
    in your experience so all s Spas are
  • 00:20:40
    personal guaranteed yeah uh so one thing
  • 00:20:43
    I'll say on personal guarantee
  • 00:20:45
    is again I wouldn't do it unless you are
  • 00:20:49
    completely comfortable with losing
  • 00:20:51
    everything never invest in anything
  • 00:20:52
    anything could happen business is a
  • 00:20:54
    risky game to play high reward but high
  • 00:20:56
    risk right now a good way to look at a
  • 00:20:59
    personal guarantee is like if you think
  • 00:21:02
    that is risky you should probably not be
  • 00:21:04
    an entrepreneur like you're like I think
  • 00:21:08
    I think it's risky I wouldn't take on a
  • 00:21:09
    personal guarantee that would wipe me
  • 00:21:10
    out but you are you are doing a personal
  • 00:21:12
    guarantee right now you're putting in
  • 00:21:13
    your own money into seller candy at any
  • 00:21:16
    moment a train wreck can happen and
  • 00:21:18
    Destroy seller candy now the reason why
  • 00:21:20
    you view it differently is because you
  • 00:21:21
    view the risk of it differently it's the
  • 00:21:23
    same risk like you like if you are uh
  • 00:21:27
    the only difference is you don't have
  • 00:21:29
    the leverage of the bank and most that's
  • 00:21:31
    where I see the sorry interrup that's
  • 00:21:33
    why I see the r differently because I
  • 00:21:34
    can I'm only risking Equity value not
  • 00:21:38
    you know not whatever I have in the in
  • 00:21:40
    the back you know if I got seven figures
  • 00:21:41
    in the back and I risk all of that then
  • 00:21:43
    that means that I it could completely
  • 00:21:45
    wipe you out sure but that the bank
  • 00:21:47
    doesn't want to wipe you out like
  • 00:21:49
    they're not like they don't want to go
  • 00:21:51
    and destroy a good creditor for no
  • 00:21:54
    reason that that's like the last thing
  • 00:21:55
    they want to do often if you have issues
  • 00:21:58
    you can just renegotiate with them and
  • 00:22:00
    they will work with you like I have a
  • 00:22:01
    friend he has an SBA loan right now uh
  • 00:22:03
    he bought a business and it went really
  • 00:22:06
    bad like extremely bad uh and he was
  • 00:22:09
    able to renegotiate his terms like does
  • 00:22:11
    that happen all the time no but if
  • 00:22:13
    you're going to use any kind of uh debt
  • 00:22:16
    or any kind of loan then you got to be
  • 00:22:19
    okay with that kind of stuff like
  • 00:22:20
    personal guarantee is how SBA does it
  • 00:22:22
    but like if you do go with private
  • 00:22:24
    equity which has way harsher terms uh
  • 00:22:27
    than SBA minus the personal guarantee so
  • 00:22:30
    like you're giving up significant
  • 00:22:31
    portions of the business that so again
  • 00:22:34
    it comes down to risk like I personally
  • 00:22:37
    don't like if you are confident in the
  • 00:22:38
    business and you have skills you have a
  • 00:22:40
    track record of success then I wouldn't
  • 00:22:43
    let a personal guarantee stop you like I
  • 00:22:45
    I have another friend he's used the SBA
  • 00:22:47
    loan uh I think three times and he now
  • 00:22:50
    has a portfolio over $10 million with
  • 00:22:52
    like less than 30% debt on it so and he
  • 00:22:55
    was able to leverage that uh into those
  • 00:22:57
    bigger businesses
  • 00:22:59
    right yeah uh again I wouldn't recommend
  • 00:23:02
    it for someone starting out but if you
  • 00:23:03
    have the skill set track record all that
  • 00:23:05
    kind of stuff I want to let personal
  • 00:23:07
    guarantees scare you away that's cool I
  • 00:23:09
    think it be really cool to get him on
  • 00:23:11
    your podcast and share his story
  • 00:23:12
    sometime because I feel like that's uh
  • 00:23:14
    that's inspirational story so here's a
  • 00:23:16
    guy you uh you'll have to Google it
  • 00:23:18
    because I don't remember the episode but
  • 00:23:20
    there's this guy uh Brett bore he runs
  • 00:23:22
    permanent Equity I I think it's called
  • 00:23:23
    permanent Equity but anyways uh Brent he
  • 00:23:26
    started his business by using the SBA
  • 00:23:28
    loan to buy I think it was a marketing
  • 00:23:31
    agency of some kind and he was and like
  • 00:23:34
    yeah he had a personal guarantee on that
  • 00:23:36
    too and like it would did not start off
  • 00:23:38
    easy for him like he talks about that
  • 00:23:40
    story and is in his book as well which I
  • 00:23:42
    highly recommend uh but now he runs like
  • 00:23:45
    one of the biggest private Equity firms
  • 00:23:47
    in America like I mean yeah you could
  • 00:23:51
    like if you have two three houses yes
  • 00:23:53
    you can lose it but like if you're okay
  • 00:23:55
    with that risk you can also gain what
  • 00:23:57
    Brett has right I'm not saying it's easy
  • 00:24:00
    but that that's the different levels of
  • 00:24:02
    risk like he didn't he used that
  • 00:24:03
    personal guarantee uh leverage to build
  • 00:24:06
    a you know $100 million plus fund over a
  • 00:24:09
    period I think like 10 years so like
  • 00:24:11
    relatively quickly yeah that's really
  • 00:24:13
    cool love it to go check out the episode
  • 00:24:15
    with Greg um all right we on to the next
  • 00:24:18
    bit of the of the episode Greg so this
  • 00:24:20
    is the called the controversial take so
  • 00:24:23
    um what's your most debatable or
  • 00:24:25
    potentially controversial opinion
  • 00:24:26
    related to Amazon or you industry or the
  • 00:24:29
    buy sell business Arena if you want well
  • 00:24:32
    probably personal guarantees because I
  • 00:24:33
    don't uh was afraid of the as other
  • 00:24:36
    people I have a different mindset on
  • 00:24:37
    that having seen so many deals right uh
  • 00:24:40
    but outside of that uh with Amazon FBA
  • 00:24:42
    in particular something I say that does
  • 00:24:44
    uh kind of annoy a lot of my FBA friends
  • 00:24:46
    is uh I told them that they have run a a
  • 00:24:50
    business with too much keyman risk and
  • 00:24:53
    what I mean by that is you rely too much
  • 00:24:55
    on one uh single point of failure and in
  • 00:24:57
    their case is Amazon I have friends who
  • 00:25:00
    are uh you know in the content space and
  • 00:25:02
    their their key man risk is Google like
  • 00:25:04
    the Google algorithm right and it makes
  • 00:25:06
    your business such a slave to one big
  • 00:25:08
    Tech Giant when you want to diversify
  • 00:25:10
    that risk so I I was talking to another
  • 00:25:13
    Amazon FBA guy influencer in the space
  • 00:25:16
    uh just you know back and forth on
  • 00:25:18
    Facebook or whatever uh you know cool
  • 00:25:20
    dude he's been on the podcast too really
  • 00:25:21
    nice guy very smart but he he told me uh
  • 00:25:25
    like what should or he said like what
  • 00:25:26
    should FBA people do and I said they
  • 00:25:27
    should diverse I ify into DDC eCommerce
  • 00:25:30
    try to expand off the platform and
  • 00:25:33
    really be focusing Amazon as just a
  • 00:25:36
    acquisition Channel like don't think of
  • 00:25:38
    your business as an Amazon FBA business
  • 00:25:40
    think of yourself as a e-commerce brand
  • 00:25:42
    that's more than just Amazon and he
  • 00:25:44
    commented back like well a lot of people
  • 00:25:46
    can't do that and said like I agree
  • 00:25:48
    because Amazon does a lot of the heavy
  • 00:25:49
    lifting for you so your product might
  • 00:25:52
    not be able to work out in the wild as
  • 00:25:54
    easily or as good as it does on Amazon
  • 00:25:57
    but if that's your case then that means
  • 00:25:59
    you are inherently running a weaker
  • 00:26:00
    business and that's a risky place to be
  • 00:26:03
    so I always recommend to do as much as
  • 00:26:07
    you can to turn these like big Tech
  • 00:26:09
    Giants we rely on into just a traffic
  • 00:26:11
    channel the more you can own the
  • 00:26:13
    customer life cycle the better and
  • 00:26:15
    almost everyone agrees with me I would
  • 00:26:16
    to say that's controversial but uh the
  • 00:26:18
    way I say like talk about Amazon being
  • 00:26:21
    such a mass of risk is usually the
  • 00:26:22
    controversial take but I think we all
  • 00:26:25
    see that right like Bezos announced
  • 00:26:27
    those new finds or new fees I keep
  • 00:26:29
    calling them
  • 00:26:30
    fines I increase it and if you are 100%
  • 00:26:34
    Amazon FBA what are you going to do
  • 00:26:36
    you're G to shut down your business like
  • 00:26:38
    you're gonna pay the you're gonna pay
  • 00:26:39
    the fine the
  • 00:26:40
    fee so he's gonna take it yeah like
  • 00:26:44
    there's like nothing you could do versus
  • 00:26:46
    if you have a a DDC uh branch of your
  • 00:26:49
    business right if you're selling I think
  • 00:26:50
    I talked about it on our podcast if you
  • 00:26:52
    are selling a piece of shoes uh like
  • 00:26:54
    shoes on a Facebook ad right they click
  • 00:26:56
    it they go to your Shopify store they
  • 00:26:58
    they don't buy for whatever reason it's
  • 00:27:00
    in their mind they want these shoes they
  • 00:27:02
    forget your brand because who want it
  • 00:27:04
    like we forget like I forget what I did
  • 00:27:05
    yesterday you know they're not going to
  • 00:27:06
    remember our brand unless we made a real
  • 00:27:08
    crazy impact uh so they go to Amazon
  • 00:27:11
    because Amazon's the Google of consumer
  • 00:27:13
    search right and they find your shoes
  • 00:27:14
    because you're on Amazon you're running
  • 00:27:16
    ads but only for your brand so you're
  • 00:27:18
    actually not spending that much money on
  • 00:27:20
    Amazon in comparison to other channels
  • 00:27:22
    like those are the ones and now they buy
  • 00:27:24
    your shoes so like that's how Amazon
  • 00:27:26
    should be used in my view Amazon takes
  • 00:27:28
    all those customers versus if you have
  • 00:27:30
    the DTC store all those customers belong
  • 00:27:33
    in your ecosystem now which is far more
  • 00:27:35
    powerful way more valuable when you go
  • 00:27:37
    to sell to cool I love that take and I I
  • 00:27:40
    totally agree with you um it all depends
  • 00:27:43
    of course with for The Listener on the
  • 00:27:45
    product they have whether it's Amazon
  • 00:27:46
    you know it is Amazon Centric and
  • 00:27:48
    whether it can be taken off Amazon but
  • 00:27:50
    if you don't want to sell and you don't
  • 00:27:51
    want to expand more on Amazon I mean d2c
  • 00:27:53
    is the is the place to go and there's
  • 00:27:55
    many many resources out there for that
  • 00:27:57
    as well as the Amazon
  • 00:27:59
    resources Yeah the more you can do that
  • 00:28:01
    the better in in my view love it so Greg
  • 00:28:05
    thanks so much for being on the show um
  • 00:28:07
    how should people uh follow you online
  • 00:28:09
    if they want to hear more yeah uh I mean
  • 00:28:11
    you can just email me Greg atmire
  • 00:28:13
    flippers.com if you wanted to talk to me
  • 00:28:15
    personally I'm usually pretty responsive
  • 00:28:17
    on there uh give me a couple days
  • 00:28:19
    because I do get spammed a lot a lot of
  • 00:28:21
    guest post linkers wanting to sell me
  • 00:28:23
    guest post links uh but outside of that
  • 00:28:26
    go to Empire flippers.com I run a
  • 00:28:28
    YouTube channel uh just youtube.com/
  • 00:28:30
    Empire flippers as well uh any of those
  • 00:28:33
    you can like reach out leave a comment
  • 00:28:36
    and happy to answer any questions if I
  • 00:28:38
    can help or not awesome thank you and so
  • 00:28:41
    thanks so much for being on the show
  • 00:28:42
    Greg if you like this show and if you're
  • 00:28:44
    watching please go and like follow and
  • 00:28:46
    rate US if you're on a different
  • 00:28:47
    platform so if you're watching on
  • 00:28:48
    YouTube thumbs up or thumbs down and if
  • 00:28:51
    you're watching uh on Spotify uh just
  • 00:28:53
    give us five stars or four stars or
  • 00:28:56
    whatever St Stars definely
  • 00:28:59
    except if you're on Amazon you're asking
  • 00:29:00
    for five stars they will down vote you
  • 00:29:02
    Amazon you like crazy so I said that
  • 00:29:06
    we're gonna get wiped out but no thanks
  • 00:29:08
    so much and uh tune in for the next
  • 00:29:10
    episode thanks for being here Greg
  • 00:29:12
    thanks for having me Matt
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