Macroergonomics

00:03:29
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyxr_TGVdak

摘要

TLDRThis video covers the concept of macroergonomics, distinct from microergonomics, by focusing on the optimization of organizational systems rather than individual workstations. Originating from the Tavistock Institute's sociotechnical system model, macroergonomics evaluates the human-organization interface, addressing systemic risk factors in work environments. The historical case study of mining work systems illustrates macroergonomics' application in reducing inter-shift issues, improving team dynamics, and boosting productivity. The principal aim is integrating technical systems, worker skills, and organizational goals for comprehensive improvement in workplace effectiveness, safety, and satisfaction.

心得

  • 📘 Understand macroergonomics vs. microergonomics.
  • 📊 Macroergonomics focuses on broader systems within organizations.
  • 🔍 Situate macroergonomics in Tavistock's sociotechnical framework.
  • ⛏️ Analyzed mining practices demonstrate macroergonomic applications.
  • 🌐 Harmonizing individual capabilities with organizational goals.
  • 🛡️ Aims for improving safety and satisfaction in workplaces.
  • 🔄 Reduces interdependences and increases skill variability.
  • 🤝 Enhances team dynamics and self-selection benefits.
  • 📈 Proven historical benefits on productivity and morale.
  • 📚 Hendrick’s definition emphasizes system optimization.

时间轴

  • 00:00:00 - 00:03:29

    The video introduces macroergonomics, aiming to help viewers understand its definition, objectives, and methods. Macroergonomics is contrasted with microergonomics; the latter focuses on immediate, individual worker-centric changes to prevent human error, while macroergonomics takes a broader organizational perspective. It analyzes various subsystems within an organization to address performance and safety problems. The concept ties to the sociotechnical system from the Tavistock Study, highlighting the need to align work system designs with workforce characteristics. The objective is to integrate jobs, technology, and worker abilities to achieve organizational harmony, impacting productivity and work satisfaction.

思维导图

Mind Map

常见问题

  • What is macroergonomics?

    Macroergonomics is the optimization of organizational and overall work system design, focusing on organizational, technological, and environmental variables and their interactions.

  • How does macroergonomics differ from microergonomics?

    Macroergonomics focuses on broader organizational systems, addressing interactions within a sociotechnical system, while microergonomics focuses on individual work environments and immediate event outcomes.

  • What are the objectives of macroergonomics?

    The objectives of macroergonomics are to harmonize jobs, technological systems, and worker abilities with organizational goals and structure, enhancing productivity, job satisfaction, health, and safety.

  • Where did the concept of macroergonomics originate?

    The concept originated from the sociotechnical system model by Trist and Bamforth at the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations in the UK.

  • What were the findings of the Tavistock study?

    The Tavistock study found that incongruent work system designs led to issues such as low production and absenteeism, which were alleviated by integrating new technology with psychosocial structures.

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  • 00:00:00
    Hello everyone, today we will learn about macroergonomics.
  • 00:00:03
    It is expected that you will understand the definition, objectives,
  • 00:00:07
    and the methods of macroergonomics.
  • 00:00:10
    In this video we will cover the definitions and objectives of macroergonomics,
  • 00:00:16
    and the various methods for macroergonomics applications will be covered in the class.
  • 00:00:20
    In ergonomics, there two main scopes
  • 00:00:23
    First is microergonomics that focus on the immediate events during a critical time and moment.
  • 00:00:28
    Focus on workstation or physical environment changes, for individual workers.
  • 00:00:33
    And focus on finding the risk factors for human error that give narrower impacts in the system.
  • 00:00:39
    Second is macroergonomics that looks the system more widely at the organization (sociotechnical system).
  • 00:00:46
    It addresses performance and safety problems,
  • 00:00:49
    including analysis of the organization’s personnel, social, technological,
  • 00:00:54
    environmental, and economical subsystems, also their interactions.
  • 00:00:58
    Focus on discovering the reason why the risk factors were present in the environments.
  • 00:01:03
    Focus on the human-organization interface,
  • 00:01:06
    therefore, give wider impacts in the organization system.
  • 00:01:11
    Hendrick in his book defined the macroergonomics
  • 00:01:14
    as an optimization of organizational and overall work systems design
  • 00:01:18
    through consideration of relevant personnel,
  • 00:01:21
    technological, and environmental variables and their interactions.
  • 00:01:27
    The concept of macroergonomics cannot be separated
  • 00:01:30
    to the concept of sociotechnical system model from Tavistock Study
  • 00:01:34
    The initiators of this study were Trist and Bamforth (1951)
  • 00:01:39
    in Tavistock Institute of Human Relations in the UK.
  • 00:01:42
    They found the problems of an incongruent work system’s design
  • 00:01:45
    with the psychosocial and cultural characteristics of the workforce
  • 00:01:49
    in a new coal mining method (short wall to the long wall).
  • 00:01:52
    The short wall method is a semi automation and grouping mining style
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    and was changed into long wall method that applied a shifting work system.
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    They found certain iceberg symptoms
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    Comprising interdependence among the three shifts.
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    Previous shift bring problem to the next.
  • 00:02:10
    Rigid work productivity and social disruption.
  • 00:02:13
    Low production, absenteeism, intergroup rivalry.
  • 00:02:18
    For the Solution, they applied composite long wall method
  • 00:02:21
    Which was the combination of the new technology
  • 00:02:24
    and features of the old psychosocial work structure of the manual systems.
  • 00:02:29
    It was beneficial to reduce the interdependences,
  • 00:02:32
    increase utilized-skill variability, satisfy the social needs,
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    and allow the team member self-selection.
  • 00:02:39
    Moreover, it impacted on higher productivity
  • 00:02:42
    compared to conventional long wall and short wall method.
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    And the most important, it dramatically drop the number of grievances,
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    absenteeism, and poor morale + dissatisfaction.
  • 00:02:55
    The objective of macroeconomics are combining jobs,
  • 00:02:58
    technological systems, and worker abilities/expectations
  • 00:03:02
    to harmonize with organizational goals and structure.
  • 00:03:06
    The methods will harmonize both micro and macroergonomics
  • 00:03:10
    to reach the holistic improvement of productivity,
  • 00:03:13
    job satisfaction, health and safety, and employee commitment.
  • 00:03:19
    Yay, congratulations.
  • 00:03:20
    You have finished learning all the outlines,
  • 00:03:23
    from the macroergonomics definitions until the objectives of macroergonomics.
标签
  • macroergonomics
  • microergonomics
  • sociotechnical system
  • organizational design
  • workplace optimization
  • Tavistock Institute
  • Hendrick's definition
  • productivity
  • ergonomics methods
  • safety