Contabo VPS Ubuntu 22 04 Server setup PART 2 Ubuntu 22 04 Initial server setup

00:39:44
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6NZ8Z07T7E

摘要

TLDRIl video offre una guida dettagliata su come impostare un server Ubuntu su Contabo. Inizia con il login sul server e procede con l'installazione e la verifica del firewall UFW. Viene spiegata l'importanza di cambiare la porta SSH per aumentare la sicurezza e di impostare un file swap se la RAM è limitata. Successivamente, si cambia l'hostname del server, essenziale per la configurazione dei server di posta e per garantire la coerenza dei DNS. Viene anche illustrato come abilitare gli aggiornamenti automatici per mantenere il server aggiornato senza intervento manuale continuo. Sono coperte anche le basi della gestione delle porte attraverso UFW e l'importanza di abilitare o disabilitare determinate porte a seconda delle esigenze del server. Viene infine descritto come configurare un setup di sicurezza incrementato attraverso SSH, disabilitando il login come root e utilizzando chiavi SSH per l'autenticazione. L'intero processo si chiude con l'installazione di aggiornamenti automatici per garantire che il server sia protetto e aggiornato in qualsiasi momento.

心得

  • 🔒 Cambia la porta SSH per sicurezza.
  • 🛡️ Abilita e configura il firewall UFW.
  • 🧠 Crea un file swap se la RAM è limitata.
  • 📛 Cambia l'hostname del server per DNS corretti.
  • 🔄 Abilita aggiornamenti automatici su Ubuntu.
  • 📧 Imposta nome host per invio di mail.
  • 🚫 Disabilita login come root.
  • 🔑 Utilizza chiavi SSH per autenticazione.
  • 🌐 Gestisci impostazioni DNS dopo cambio hostname.
  • 🖥️ Installa il pannello di controllo per facilitare gestione server.

时间轴

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    登录服务器后，设置防火墙的UFW确保已安装并启用，然后修改SSH端口。在启用防火墙后，确保允许必要的流量变化并添加相应的规则。

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    将SSH的默认端口更改为新的端口，并通过Nano编辑SSH配置文件，确保在防火墙中已许可新的SSH端口。重启SSH服务以使更改生效。

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    讨论在小内存服务器中创建一个交换文件以扩展虚拟内存，列出不同内存大小下推荐的交换文件大小。并演示如何设置交换文件及确保其在系统重启后启用。

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    修改服务器的主机名，并通过编辑hosts文件确保系统和应用能正确识别新的主机名。同时，设置反向DNS以与新的主机名匹配，确保邮件服务器设置正确。

  • 00:20:00 - 00:25:00

    配置系统时区，以确保日志和应用程序可以正确记录时间。随后，设置自动更新，让服务器可以自动下载和安装更新，减轻维护负担。

  • 00:25:00 - 00:30:00

    深入配置自动更新中的选项，包括黑名单中不愿更新的软件包，并通过邮件通知接收更新报告。另外，指定一些情况下自动重启服务器以应用更新。

  • 00:30:00 - 00:39:44

    初步服务器设置完成，建议安装轻量级控制面板HSTRACK以便管理PHP应用。提供在Cloudflare下或使用自建DNS服务器的名称解析设置建议。

显示更多

思维导图

Mind Map

常见问题

  • Why do I need to change the SSH port?

    Changing the SSH port improves server security by moving away from the default port 22, which is commonly targeted by attackers.

  • What is the purpose of enabling the UFW firewall?

    Enabling the UFW firewall helps to manage rules for incoming and outgoing traffic, enhancing server security.

  • How can I add a swap file if my server has limited RAM?

    You can create a swap file with commands that allocate space, convert it to swap, and activate it to extend RAM virtually.

  • Why is changing the server hostname important?

    Changing the hostname is essential for mail server settings and to ensure DNS consistency, especially if mails are to be sent.

  • What is a fully qualified domain name (FQDN)?

    An FQDN is a complete domain name that specifies its exact location in the tree hierarchy of the Domain Name System (DNS).

  • How do you enable automatic updates on Ubuntu?

    Automatic updates can be enabled by installing necessary packages like unattended-upgrades and configuring update settings in specific system files.

  • How can you send mail from the server?

    Ensure the hostname is properly set, use a mail client, and make sure your server can send out mail through proper configuration.

  • What is the purpose of a swap file on a server?

    A swap file acts as an extension of RAM, allowing the system to manage more processes by using disk space as virtual memory.

  • Why should DNS settings be updated after changing the hostname?

    Updating DNS settings ensures that reverse DNS lookups match the new hostname, which is crucial for mail delivery and server identification.

  • How can server security be enhanced through SSH configuration?

    Server security can be enhanced by disabling root login, changing SSH default port, and using SSH keys for authentication.

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自动滚动:
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    and there we go we are logged into our
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    server
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    so i'm just going to close that
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    and let's continue with this new git
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    cache window
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    i'm going to do control l
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    and what is next on this
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    the next thing is
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    firewall setup so if you do want to
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    install
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    a control panel most of the times you
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    probably won't have to deal with the
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    firewall but just make sure make sure
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    that you have ufw installed
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    and i know on ubuntu 22
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    it's probably already there if i check
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    for the starters of vfw
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    it should tell me that either it's
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    enabled or disabled but i know it isn't
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    it is installed in ubuntu already
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    starter is inactive so we can enable ufw
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    firewall is active and enabled
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    since our ssh
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    what is the next thing
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    that we need to do here
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    after this we need to set up
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    we need to change the ssh port right
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    okay
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    so i'm going to allow everything that i
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    need to allow here
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    i'm not going to log out yet
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    so what i'm going to do
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    let me just first of all allow this
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    because i'm going to use this as my new
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    port
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    in the next section i'm going to be
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    disabling i'm going to change the ssh
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    port i'm going to allow
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    this port
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    and then
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    let's just do the default sudo
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    allow outgoing allowing coming i'm just
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    going to copy everything there
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    there we go so if you look at ufw status
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    we have one rule that is allowed
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    you can allow whatever you want to allow
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    in your traffic if you're going to
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    install a control panel you don't really
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    have to set up all the rules just ensure
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    that shift w is already installed and
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    enabled
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    because most control panels will add the
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    rules that they need if they need a port
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    they will allow that port
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    for instance if you under if you enter
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    tutorials for
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    sdsp maybe to run wordpress i do have
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    that you can find that playlist
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    so i'm just going to leave this here but
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    if you want to allow anything you can
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    always allow you can always deny
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    if you want to delete something
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    you can always delete after you look at
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    the starters let's say
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    so if you look at sudo ufw status
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    numbered i'm just going to copy this
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    before you do that let's say maybe
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    let's say maybe i want to allow a
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    certain port
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    allow
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    part 705 right and then i will enter and
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    then
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    i'll do ctrl l to clear the screen
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    paste and go in there
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    you can see that when you do you have w
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    starters numbered it's going to give the
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    numbers for the different parts so maybe
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    you want to delete this rule number two
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    you can delete it
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    sudo
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    ufw
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    delete
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    rule number two
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    rule deleted so if you do status again
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    you'll see that the one is deleted maybe
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    you have to delete three as well
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    you can delete three
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    yes enter the file is basically about
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    allowing and disallowing stuff so if you
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    have ports that you don't want people to
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    access you can disallow them if there
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    are any parts that are preventing you
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    from accessing various services you can
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    allow them that's basically what you can
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    use ufw for
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    let's move on to changing the ssh port
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    and we're going back to our sshd
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    configuration file and this time around
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    let's use nano so that you can also see
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    how nano works if you're new to this
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    so sudo nano and then we're going to
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    edit this as a search configuration file
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    and instead of the ssh configuration
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    file we're going to
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    we're going to change the ssh port
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    and
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    since we've already allowed this in our
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    firewall we won't really need to do
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    anything after restarting ssh so let's
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    just go
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    and
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    paste that in there
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    let's look for yeah this port you can
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    see it is disabled when it is commented
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    out like this this means that the
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    default port is still 22 so if i change
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    it like that
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    we can change it to 70 59.
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    port 705.9 that will be our new ssh port
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    so on nano if you want to save you just
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    do control x
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    y
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    and then enter
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    control x press y and then enter and
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    then let's start ssh
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    so do service
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    ssh
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    restart
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    all right our port is 70 59 so let's go
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    and edit our login
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    so this is the one we've been using to
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    log in so let's add the port
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    hp you can add the port you can specify
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    the login port by
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    hp 7059
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    now note that this is a small p
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    this is a small p
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    at some point you're going to encounter
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    a different one which you may encounter
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    a different one which is scp scp is used
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    for copying files
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    so if you're going to use scp
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    to copy files make sure you're using
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    capital p instead of the small p if you
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    want to specify a port
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    so i will copy this let's try to log in
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    let's try to log in on a new git bash
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    window and i'm trying to log in because
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    i'm hoping that at some point i'm going
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    to encounter a certain permission denied
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    error which is very common in contabo
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    and when i do we'll see how to fix it
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    so you can see we have logged in
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    successfully with a new port
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    let me exit let me log out by doing exit
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    and if i log out
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    i'll do control l
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    and i try to
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    [Music]
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    log in without the port you're going to
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    experience an error
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    there you go ssh connect to host is
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    trying to connect using port 22 and the
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    connection has timed out and this is
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    also good because if people are trying
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    to access your ssh
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    your server via ssh and they try to use
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    port 22 they will not be able to get
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    access they will just get a timeout
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    error and that's a good thing for your
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    server security so we've done one thing
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    to at least improve our server security
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    by changing the port and adding ssh
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    authentication
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    via public and private key
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    now the next step let's see what's next
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    here
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    we've already changed that oh we're
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    almost done wow this is going
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    i fast
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    we've done all that now the next step is
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    you need to create a soft file but
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    on contable our memory is really not
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    that small this is optional
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    if you have a small server you can
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    create
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    you can create a swap file and i'm just
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    going to show you how you can do this so
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    that
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    you can do it if you have a smaller
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    server on contable if i do free
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    h you can see my memory total is 7.8
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    gigabytes
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    so for me i chose the 8gb ram
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    i've used that so
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    okay so let's say you have a smaller ram
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    you have a smaller server
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    and you want to run certain applications
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    that may consume a lot more ram that you
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    than you have and one of those is
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    probably apache you may need to add a
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    swap file so let's see how you can do
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    that
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    let's look at the basic rules for how
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    much
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    you should add for your swap file
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    if you have a server with 2gb of ram
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    you can add 4gb
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    okay so 2gb and below just add 4gb and
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    then starting from 4gb
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    you can add an equivalent if you have
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    4gb of ram you can add 4gb of
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    swap space
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    if you have
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    so just go like that up to about 8 gb
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    so i'm assuming at 8 gb maybe you have a
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    lot of things you want to run so at 8 gb
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    you should also just do about 8 gb of
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    ram
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    so starting from 8 and above maybe 9
  • 00:09:44
    there you can try to half it so maybe
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    have 10 gb of
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    ram you can do 5 gb
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    of swap file
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    you have 16 gb of ram you can do
  • 00:09:57
    8 gb of swap so you get the idea
  • 00:10:00
    so since we have 8 gb i'm going to do i
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    don't really need to do the hdb i'm just
  • 00:10:04
    going to do four because i don't really
  • 00:10:06
    want to run anything on this server i'm
  • 00:10:07
    just doing it for an example but if
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    you're running something in production
  • 00:10:11
    you can go with eight or even six
  • 00:10:15
    so i'm going to allocate
  • 00:10:17
    so this is the amount of giga gigabytes
  • 00:10:20
    that you're going to allocate to your
  • 00:10:21
    swap file for me i'm going to allocate
  • 00:10:25
    i'm going to allocate for
  • 00:10:27
    i will paste in that
  • 00:10:30
    and i want to put in 2gb
  • 00:10:34
    i want to switch 2gb to
  • 00:10:37
    4gb
  • 00:10:40
    and i will enter
  • 00:10:43
    and uh
  • 00:10:45
    all right so we've created that file
  • 00:10:49
    and then the next step let's make that
  • 00:10:50
    file
  • 00:10:51
    let's give it permissions for 600
  • 00:10:54
    so that only the root user
  • 00:10:56
    has the permission
  • 00:11:00
    change the permission
  • 00:11:02
    so make you can give it a different name
  • 00:11:04
    if you want to okay
  • 00:11:07
    this is the name of the swap file you
  • 00:11:08
    can change its name to whatever you want
  • 00:11:11
    to
  • 00:11:12
    you don't have to use the one i'm using
  • 00:11:13
    here you can change the name
  • 00:11:16
    you can even change the location maybe
  • 00:11:17
    you want to put it under root you can
  • 00:11:19
    just put there slash root slash
  • 00:11:22
    my ubuntu swap file
  • 00:11:25
    convert the created file to a swap so
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    this is what is going to make it a swap
  • 00:11:28
    file and then this is going to turn the
  • 00:11:31
    swap on
  • 00:11:32
    so even before we move
  • 00:11:34
    any further let's just see if we have
  • 00:11:36
    any swap on
  • 00:11:42
    so you can see
  • 00:11:43
    at this point you don't have any swap
  • 00:11:45
    file
  • 00:11:46
    so this is one thing i should have done
  • 00:11:47
    in the beginning just to confirm whether
  • 00:11:49
    i have a swap file because there are
  • 00:11:50
    certain
  • 00:11:51
    vps providers that will create the swap
  • 00:11:54
    file for you
  • 00:11:55
    in advance and you but you can always
  • 00:11:57
    add another one
  • 00:12:00
    this is going to convert this into a
  • 00:12:01
    subfile that is recognized by the system
  • 00:12:03
    and then swap on is going to
  • 00:12:05
    it's going to turn the swap on
  • 00:12:08
    so paste enter
  • 00:12:12
    so there we go so right now if you do
  • 00:12:13
    sudo swap on
  • 00:12:15
    we'll see that we have a soft file
  • 00:12:17
    called my ubuntu soft file and it has a
  • 00:12:19
    size of 4gb
  • 00:12:23
    the next thing is we need to add that
  • 00:12:25
    file into the etsy
  • 00:12:27
    f stub so when we add it into the f stub
  • 00:12:29
    it means it lets the system know that
  • 00:12:32
    there is a memory that they need to
  • 00:12:33
    register when they log when the system
  • 00:12:35
    restarts
  • 00:12:37
    so this is just to make sure that when
  • 00:12:38
    the system restarts
  • 00:12:40
    this is being recognized as it's being
  • 00:12:42
    recognized as a memory location for the
  • 00:12:44
    system
  • 00:12:45
    let's come back here and we're just
  • 00:12:47
    going to copy this and we're going to
  • 00:12:48
    add make sure that every place where
  • 00:12:50
    this is if you change the name of your
  • 00:12:52
    swap file you change it there as well
  • 00:12:55
    but you don't really have to
  • 00:12:58
    you can just use the same name i'm using
  • 00:13:00
    there
  • 00:13:01
    i'll do i to edit
  • 00:13:07
    press enter
  • 00:13:13
    you can let's not add it above this
  • 00:13:16
    let's add it
  • 00:13:19
    at the end of this
  • 00:13:22
    enter
  • 00:13:24
    and then i'll do shift inside
  • 00:13:27
    and then i'll press escape
  • 00:13:32
    and then shift zz to save
  • 00:13:37
    all right so as i said if you don't use
  • 00:13:39
    veeam just use nano
  • 00:13:41
    so you know what let's just confirm this
  • 00:13:43
    if we restart the server
  • 00:13:45
    we see if our swap is working so i'm
  • 00:13:46
    going to do exit
  • 00:13:56
    i didn't even restart let me restart the
  • 00:13:58
    server i'll just do reboot to restart
  • 00:14:00
    the server
  • 00:14:01
    if i do that let me copy the password
  • 00:14:04
    because i'm going to use sudo
  • 00:14:09
    wait for the server to restart and then
  • 00:14:10
    we're going to
  • 00:14:12
    we're going to see if our file is
  • 00:14:14
    available
  • 00:14:17
    so just giving it time to restart let's
  • 00:14:19
    just check if it is ready
  • 00:14:22
    is it ready
  • 00:14:26
    there we go
  • 00:14:27
    okay let's do swap on to see if also
  • 00:14:30
    file is active
  • 00:14:38
    paste and enter and there we go also
  • 00:14:40
    file is still there
  • 00:14:43
    all right so we've done this for file
  • 00:14:44
    what is the next step
  • 00:14:46
    the next step change the server host
  • 00:14:48
    name yeah this is actually very
  • 00:14:49
    important if if you're setting up this
  • 00:14:51
    server and you will be sending mail this
  • 00:14:53
    is very important make sure you do this
  • 00:14:55
    so we're going to do change the server
  • 00:14:57
    host name next for ubuntu
  • 00:15:02
    so this will be the server hostname if
  • 00:15:03
    you want to send mail make sure that
  • 00:15:05
    whatever you're using as your sub you're
  • 00:15:07
    using as your host name is a fully
  • 00:15:10
    qualified domain name a fully qualified
  • 00:15:12
    domain name is a subdomain
  • 00:15:15
    a subdomain or a full domain and the
  • 00:15:17
    domain when you add
  • 00:15:19
    dns records to it it can be accessed
  • 00:15:21
    that's what a fully qualified domain
  • 00:15:23
    name is so it has to be a registered
  • 00:15:26
    domain name
  • 00:15:27
    that can be accessed when you add dns
  • 00:15:30
    records to it
  • 00:15:33
    so we're going to change the server host
  • 00:15:36
    name
  • 00:15:38
    let me put this at the top
  • 00:15:41
    and our host name let's say i want to
  • 00:15:44
    use
  • 00:15:46
    panel
  • 00:15:48
    panel x
  • 00:15:50
    dot
  • 00:15:51
    bizanosa.com
  • 00:15:58
    i will copy
  • 00:16:01
    and bring it here
  • 00:16:03
    paste
  • 00:16:04
    enter
  • 00:16:06
    so the hostname is changed right now if
  • 00:16:08
    if i check the host name
  • 00:16:13
    it should bring this
  • 00:16:15
    but that's not the end of it you still
  • 00:16:16
    need to change it inside of the host's
  • 00:16:19
    file now instead of this host file this
  • 00:16:21
    is actually the one that's more
  • 00:16:22
    important because when you're running
  • 00:16:24
    something like exam exam is going to
  • 00:16:26
    look at what value is inside here and
  • 00:16:28
    that's what it's going to send out as
  • 00:16:29
    the sender of your mail
  • 00:16:32
    so we'll come here and we're going to
  • 00:16:34
    edit the hosts file
  • 00:16:40
    paste
  • 00:16:41
    enter
  • 00:16:42
    all right i can see contact already
  • 00:16:44
    added some details here so we added it
  • 00:16:47
    added that well and good we're going to
  • 00:16:49
    change our host name there so this is
  • 00:16:51
    going to be the host name that we set up
  • 00:16:53
    and then this is going to be the alias
  • 00:16:55
    and then for our ip as well we're going
  • 00:16:57
    to change the hostname
  • 00:16:59
    and the alias
  • 00:17:01
    so this is just an alias and this is
  • 00:17:02
    what when you log into your server
  • 00:17:04
    you'll see
  • 00:17:05
    so let us copy our host name
  • 00:17:08
    which was panel x dot visanosa.com
  • 00:17:12
    we're going to go into
  • 00:17:14
    the first one which is this so this is
  • 00:17:16
    like the system hostname
  • 00:17:18
    so this is important you can see it's
  • 00:17:20
    dot 1.1 so don't change the 14.01
  • 00:17:22
    because this is a defined localhost
  • 00:17:26
    for our server so the server must know
  • 00:17:28
    the localhost is that but the 2.1 we let
  • 00:17:31
    any other application that wants to use
  • 00:17:33
    this that that is our localhost name
  • 00:17:36
    and then our ip as well when anything
  • 00:17:38
    tries to access it it will be shown that
  • 00:17:40
    the hostname is what we set there and
  • 00:17:43
    that will not be the end of it there
  • 00:17:44
    will be still one more thing that you
  • 00:17:45
    need to do and this is true for
  • 00:17:47
    whichever
  • 00:17:48
    vps provider you're using
  • 00:17:54
    so i'm going to do shift insert to paste
  • 00:17:58
    and then on the other end
  • 00:18:04
    let me just press i'll just press
  • 00:18:06
    tab
  • 00:18:09
    and we're going to add panel x
  • 00:18:14
    and of course we need to delete this
  • 00:18:18
    so the next time you reload your server
  • 00:18:20
    and you log in you will see that your
  • 00:18:22
    server is called panel x
  • 00:18:25
    so let's come down again and we need to
  • 00:18:27
    change it for our ip
  • 00:18:43
    shift insights
  • 00:18:46
    let's do tab
  • 00:18:49
    press tab
  • 00:18:54
    delete
  • 00:18:55
    that
  • 00:18:56
    all right
  • 00:18:57
    then we're going to save control x
  • 00:19:01
    y
  • 00:19:04
    enter
  • 00:19:06
    so
  • 00:19:06
    [Music]
  • 00:19:08
    at this point i'm hoping that everything
  • 00:19:10
    is going to work well
  • 00:19:12
    because there's an error i'm hoping to
  • 00:19:13
    encounter because i want to deal with
  • 00:19:15
    that error but if i don't encounter it
  • 00:19:17
    well and good no problem
  • 00:19:19
    so let me just reboot the server
  • 00:19:24
    and then we're going to log in and
  • 00:19:27
    once you log in you will see that our
  • 00:19:29
    new hostname has changed and it will no
  • 00:19:31
    longer be that
  • 00:19:36
    so i'm hoping the server is already
  • 00:19:37
    started
  • 00:19:39
    if it is not it's just going to give us
  • 00:19:41
    an error and then we're going to try
  • 00:19:43
    again
  • 00:19:45
    there we go the server started and
  • 00:19:46
    everything worked well
  • 00:19:48
    ctrl l
  • 00:19:49
    now the next step is once you change
  • 00:19:51
    your host name you can see the host name
  • 00:19:53
    has changed once you change your host
  • 00:19:55
    name the next step is for you to go into
  • 00:19:56
    contable dashboard
  • 00:19:58
    go into the control dashboard and then
  • 00:20:00
    somewhere here you're going to see
  • 00:20:02
    reverse dns if you want to use your
  • 00:20:04
    website for hosting
  • 00:20:06
    so let me login if you want to use your
  • 00:20:07
    server for hosting actual
  • 00:20:10
    website and you want to send mail as
  • 00:20:12
    well from your server
  • 00:20:14
    you'll need to change your reverse dns
  • 00:20:15
    on contable as well
  • 00:20:17
    that way when you do a reverse check it
  • 00:20:19
    will show that your host name is what
  • 00:20:21
    you set
  • 00:20:24
    to change the host name in your contable
  • 00:20:26
    dashboard so that it can reflect when
  • 00:20:29
    people do our dns checks you need to
  • 00:20:31
    come here under reverse dns and then
  • 00:20:33
    you're going to copy
  • 00:20:35
    you are going to copy
  • 00:20:37
    your new host name
  • 00:20:38
    and then you're going to edit
  • 00:20:41
    the new hostname
  • 00:20:42
    to match with your ip
  • 00:20:45
    paste
  • 00:20:46
    save so once you do something like this
  • 00:20:49
    and you copy your ip address
  • 00:20:51
    and you check on
  • 00:20:54
    let's just do on our dns check
  • 00:21:04
    our dns check uh oh i i didn't want to
  • 00:21:07
    use this but let's just use this paste
  • 00:21:11
    and let's start and
  • 00:21:13
    so you can see
  • 00:21:14
    the lookup result says come back as that
  • 00:21:16
    so this is actually good because
  • 00:21:18
    if your server is not in any sperm
  • 00:21:21
    anti-spam directories then you can send
  • 00:21:24
    mail so if it is not blacklisted you can
  • 00:21:26
    send mail safely and it would go it
  • 00:21:28
    would go into your recipient's mail
  • 00:21:30
    provided you've set up your server well
  • 00:21:32
    and one of the easiest way to set up a
  • 00:21:34
    mail server you can use something like
  • 00:21:37
    sdscp it has a mail server built in so
  • 00:21:40
    you can just install sjsp and mail will
  • 00:21:42
    automatically will work out of the box
  • 00:21:45
    if you're using cloudflare make sure you
  • 00:21:47
    also add the txt records for the dkm and
  • 00:21:51
    the spf records add them onto
  • 00:21:53
    them onto your cloudflare dns records
  • 00:21:55
    and that's going to try and ensure that
  • 00:21:58
    your mail your mail always go into the
  • 00:22:00
    recipient's inbox instead of going into
  • 00:22:02
    the spam folder
  • 00:22:05
    so that is done what is next in our
  • 00:22:07
    server setup
  • 00:22:10
    set the time zone this is easy on ubuntu
  • 00:22:12
    if you're following along along on
  • 00:22:14
    debian then you need to install tz data
  • 00:22:17
    just do sudo apt
  • 00:22:19
    install tz data
  • 00:22:23
    but since we are on ubuntu i know this
  • 00:22:25
    is already installed in ubuntu 2204 so
  • 00:22:28
    i'm just going to come in here
  • 00:22:30
    and i'm going to paste that
  • 00:22:33
    and we can configure our time zone
  • 00:22:35
    and of course i need my sudo password
  • 00:22:39
    paste
  • 00:22:40
    enter
  • 00:22:41
    and i will choose africa
  • 00:22:47
    [Music]
  • 00:22:49
    nairobi city i'll just press n to go
  • 00:22:52
    to
  • 00:22:53
    n
  • 00:22:55
    press enter and my time zone has now
  • 00:22:57
    changed
  • 00:22:59
    and if i do that
  • 00:23:03
    it will tell me my time zone is now east
  • 00:23:06
    african time
  • 00:23:09
    you can change it again to see if you
  • 00:23:11
    made any error right that was easy and
  • 00:23:14
    fast
  • 00:23:15
    now the next and the last step is
  • 00:23:16
    setting up automatic updates open
  • 00:23:18
    automatic updates will save you a lot of
  • 00:23:20
    hassle i'm telling you if you set this
  • 00:23:22
    up you don't really have to go back to
  • 00:23:24
    your server you can even stay away from
  • 00:23:25
    your server for a whole year and
  • 00:23:27
    everything will just automatically
  • 00:23:28
    update itself
  • 00:23:30
    now there's a part of this that is not
  • 00:23:31
    available and i may do a video about
  • 00:23:33
    this in future and that is for adding
  • 00:23:35
    four third-party applications let's say
  • 00:23:37
    you install something like php and you
  • 00:23:39
    know php is not available in the
  • 00:23:42
    in the repository for ubuntu
  • 00:23:44
    by default you have to get it from some
  • 00:23:46
    third party so that's probably where the
  • 00:23:48
    issue is but that is also possible you
  • 00:23:50
    can add those repositories in your
  • 00:23:52
    automatic updates and that will save you
  • 00:23:54
    a lot of hassle everything will
  • 00:23:56
    automatically update
  • 00:23:57
    and you don't have to go to your server
  • 00:23:59
    all the time to check if there are any
  • 00:24:01
    updates
  • 00:24:08
    okay we don't have any updates
  • 00:24:11
    ctrl l
  • 00:24:13
    i know on ubuntu 2204 this is probably
  • 00:24:16
    already installed but i'm just going to
  • 00:24:18
    do the confirmation but if you're
  • 00:24:19
    following on debian it's probably not
  • 00:24:21
    installed
  • 00:24:23
    and as i said you can follow the same
  • 00:24:25
    post if you have debian 11.
  • 00:24:32
    it was not installed there we go it is
  • 00:24:34
    now installed
  • 00:24:36
    ctrl l
  • 00:24:38
    now the next thing is
  • 00:24:40
    we're going to do
  • 00:24:42
    that and this is going to enable the
  • 00:24:44
    updates it can enable
  • 00:24:47
    priority updates and this is going to
  • 00:24:48
    set the update in motion so even at this
  • 00:24:51
    point if anything changes on ubuntu it
  • 00:24:53
    will be updated
  • 00:24:57
    paste
  • 00:25:03
    okay so this is a this is an issue that
  • 00:25:06
    i'm experiencing here on my site but
  • 00:25:08
    basically what's happening is this is
  • 00:25:11
    these are two hyphens so just follow the
  • 00:25:13
    video and i'm hoping you're patient
  • 00:25:15
    enough to follow the video
  • 00:25:17
    and when you get here you just put two
  • 00:25:19
    hyphens like that
  • 00:25:22
    and that's going to fix this issue
  • 00:25:26
    so i'm just going to do it again and i
  • 00:25:29
    will come back all the way here delete
  • 00:25:31
    and i will put two hyphens
  • 00:25:35
    enter and that's going to bring you this
  • 00:25:37
    asking you to enable unattended upgrades
  • 00:25:40
    automatically download and install
  • 00:25:42
    stable updates yes
  • 00:25:45
    there we go now that file has been
  • 00:25:48
    generated
  • 00:25:49
    and if you go to this file you can see
  • 00:25:51
    what's inside of it
  • 00:25:54
    copy you can just do cut
  • 00:25:58
    shift insert
  • 00:25:59
    enter and you'll see
  • 00:26:02
    the upped
  • 00:26:03
    periodic update package list it will
  • 00:26:06
    update one every day it will check for
  • 00:26:07
    the update
  • 00:26:09
    unattended upgrade
  • 00:26:11
    one so packages and unattended upgrade
  • 00:26:14
    every day they'll check for the updates
  • 00:26:17
    i'll do control l clear the screen and
  • 00:26:19
    then let's go and edit this file the 50
  • 00:26:22
    unattended upgrades and this is
  • 00:26:24
    important
  • 00:26:25
    it's going to allow us to add more
  • 00:26:27
    things into the automatic updates so if
  • 00:26:30
    you ever need to add anything here
  • 00:26:32
    any third party file any third party
  • 00:26:35
    updates you'll need to come and add them
  • 00:26:36
    inside of this file
  • 00:26:43
    so the unattended upgrades that are
  • 00:26:45
    allowed are this
  • 00:26:47
    and we also need to enable updates for
  • 00:26:50
    normal packages so i'm just going to
  • 00:26:53
    uncheck that
  • 00:26:54
    and that's going to enable this so any
  • 00:26:56
    updates for all our applications
  • 00:26:59
    anything that we install
  • 00:27:01
    that is available in the ubuntu
  • 00:27:02
    repository that can be updated there
  • 00:27:05
    this you don't really need
  • 00:27:06
    proposed yeah you can also enable this
  • 00:27:12
    you can also enable that
  • 00:27:14
    just leave only this
  • 00:27:16
    enabled and then
  • 00:27:17
    if in future you want to to enable a
  • 00:27:20
    repository that that's not here in
  • 00:27:22
    ubuntu a good example is php you can
  • 00:27:25
    always add it in here okay and i may do
  • 00:27:28
    a video for that if you need a video for
  • 00:27:30
    that let me know i'll do a video for
  • 00:27:31
    that i can even write a post for that
  • 00:27:33
    and show you how to do it but you'd just
  • 00:27:36
    add it in the same format
  • 00:27:38
    okay so the digital id
  • 00:27:41
    and then
  • 00:27:42
    the where it's coming from
  • 00:27:45
    okay
  • 00:27:46
    something like this you can add maybe
  • 00:27:48
    it's chrome you have google chrome
  • 00:27:49
    installed you can add it
  • 00:27:52
    like that in here okay so it's not the
  • 00:27:54
    same way on debian in as much as debian
  • 00:27:57
    and ubuntu are similar you'll see that
  • 00:28:00
    if you go to the 50 upgrades for debian
  • 00:28:03
    is a little bit different
  • 00:28:05
    for ubuntu this is how it is
  • 00:28:07
    let's just forget about that for now
  • 00:28:10
    we can go down and i can explain some
  • 00:28:12
    more things here so unattended upgrade
  • 00:28:14
    package blacklist maybe you don't want
  • 00:28:16
    to upgrade mariah db
  • 00:28:20
    let's say you don't want to upgrade
  • 00:28:22
    mariahdb i will press i to go into
  • 00:28:24
    insert mode if you don't want to upgrade
  • 00:28:26
    my db you can always add it here so
  • 00:28:29
    quotes quotes
  • 00:28:31
    and then you can put my idb inside here
  • 00:28:34
    [Music]
  • 00:28:37
    mariahdb will not be updated
  • 00:28:39
    automatically
  • 00:28:42
    maybe whatever these are you don't want
  • 00:28:45
    to update any of these packages
  • 00:28:54
    and then don't forget
  • 00:28:56
    don't forget to end
  • 00:28:58
    the statement okay
  • 00:29:01
    maybe for some reason you don't want to
  • 00:29:03
    update php
  • 00:29:05
    no even php is not available on the
  • 00:29:06
    repository so let's think of something
  • 00:29:08
    else maybe you don't want to update
  • 00:29:10
    python
  • 00:29:18
    so you can add python in there
  • 00:29:19
    [Music]
  • 00:29:21
    maybe you don't want to update packages
  • 00:29:23
    that start with python
  • 00:29:24
    so you can say buy whatever you don't
  • 00:29:27
    want any of those updated that's just an
  • 00:29:29
    example of what you can prevent from
  • 00:29:31
    updating
  • 00:29:32
    but of course i don't need any of this
  • 00:29:34
    so i'm just going to comment them out
  • 00:29:37
    i'm going to comment this one out as
  • 00:29:38
    well
  • 00:29:41
    and let's continue down the line
  • 00:29:43
    unattended upgrades they've released
  • 00:29:45
    also most of these things you can always
  • 00:29:47
    read whatever they're about and that
  • 00:29:49
    will help you
  • 00:29:50
    let me do escape
  • 00:29:52
    i don't want to edit anything in there
  • 00:29:56
    so unattended upgrades
  • 00:29:58
    all these items you can read the only
  • 00:30:00
    other thing that i need to look at here
  • 00:30:02
    is
  • 00:30:03
    where is it mail send mail i can say
  • 00:30:05
    send mail here
  • 00:30:07
    let's just add numbering so press escape
  • 00:30:10
    and
  • 00:30:11
    you can do
  • 00:30:11
    [Music]
  • 00:30:16
    you can set numbering just like that
  • 00:30:18
    setting you if you want to remove the
  • 00:30:19
    numbering you can just do set no new no
  • 00:30:22
    no
  • 00:30:23
    and that's going to remove the numbering
  • 00:30:24
    so here on line 75 you can see we have
  • 00:30:26
    this okay if you want
  • 00:30:29
    to receive mail
  • 00:30:31
    when updates occur
  • 00:30:33
    you can do that here
  • 00:30:34
    so let me press i to go into edit mode
  • 00:30:40
    and unattended upgrade mail
  • 00:30:42
    you can add your mail address in there
  • 00:30:46
    mail anyone you can add your mail
  • 00:30:48
    address in there
  • 00:30:54
    make sure that your server has
  • 00:30:56
    as a way to send mail if it doesn't have
  • 00:30:58
    a mail server it doesn't have a way to
  • 00:31:00
    send mail this is not going to work
  • 00:31:07
    and then automatic reboot
  • 00:31:09
    you can reboot to that confirmation but
  • 00:31:10
    this needs a certain package and you're
  • 00:31:12
    going to see how to install it i think i
  • 00:31:14
    skipped that bit
  • 00:31:17
    so here under reboot
  • 00:31:19
    you can make it true
  • 00:31:21
    after the update is run or you can
  • 00:31:23
    enable automatic reboot you need to
  • 00:31:25
    change this to true
  • 00:31:31
    you'll need to change this to true
  • 00:31:35
    all right so that's pretty much it for
  • 00:31:36
    this file you can read all this if you
  • 00:31:38
    want to know more about what is
  • 00:31:40
    available here most of them are
  • 00:31:41
    commented and they explained and if no
  • 00:31:44
    explanation is clear you can always go
  • 00:31:46
    online and search for what you need what
  • 00:31:47
    you're trying to learn third party
  • 00:31:49
    applications especially php you can add
  • 00:31:52
    that and i may do a video for that in
  • 00:31:54
    future if you need the video just let me
  • 00:31:55
    know i'll create it
  • 00:31:57
    for now let's say this is all we want to
  • 00:31:59
    update i'm going to do escape
  • 00:32:01
    to get outside of him and then i'm just
  • 00:32:03
    going to do shift z to save
  • 00:32:08
    the next thing was there's something i
  • 00:32:09
    didn't install
  • 00:32:11
    and it was yeah update notifier you need
  • 00:32:14
    to install this
  • 00:32:15
    on ubuntu i don't know if it's already
  • 00:32:17
    installed
  • 00:32:20
    paste
  • 00:32:21
    enter so this will allow you to
  • 00:32:23
    automatically
  • 00:32:25
    reboot the server
  • 00:32:29
    that's pretty much it at this point
  • 00:32:31
    you've done everything we needed to do
  • 00:32:33
    in this
  • 00:32:34
    initial server setup you have done
  • 00:32:36
    everything that you needed to do and one
  • 00:32:38
    thing that i know i added in this post
  • 00:32:40
    at some point was
  • 00:32:43
    if you need to run the service on demand
  • 00:32:46
    maybe you're experiencing any problems
  • 00:32:49
    you can always do a dry run copy
  • 00:32:52
    let's do a dry run for our updates
  • 00:32:54
    and it's going to tell us if there any
  • 00:32:57
    if it's unable to do it
  • 00:32:59
    so i can do
  • 00:33:00
    debug
  • 00:33:03
    and if there are any issues it's going
  • 00:33:05
    to tell you that something is unable to
  • 00:33:08
    update or
  • 00:33:09
    whatever or if you have any updates
  • 00:33:15
    so you see right now it's telling me
  • 00:33:17
    that this is unable to send mail
  • 00:33:19
    probably because i don't have exam
  • 00:33:21
    installed so i will have to install
  • 00:33:23
    something that is good no packages were
  • 00:33:25
    found that can be updated that is good
  • 00:33:28
    this means that everything is working
  • 00:33:29
    well
  • 00:33:30
    and you can just leave it to run and if
  • 00:33:32
    you want to run it right now you can
  • 00:33:34
    always run it with the
  • 00:33:35
    d flag so if you do the d flag it's
  • 00:33:38
    going to update everything right now so
  • 00:33:40
    if i did have any updates
  • 00:33:45
    i can just do dash d and it's going to
  • 00:33:48
    update but you can see it's telling me
  • 00:33:50
    that there are no packages that need to
  • 00:33:52
    be upgraded
  • 00:33:55
    that's all i can do
  • 00:33:56
    to help you do your initial server setup
  • 00:33:59
    we deployed the ubuntu definitely logged
  • 00:34:01
    in created the user ssh login disable
  • 00:34:04
    root root login firewall setup i spoke
  • 00:34:07
    about that changed the ssh port created
  • 00:34:09
    at created a swap file changed the
  • 00:34:12
    server host name setup auto yeah
  • 00:34:14
    everything has been done
  • 00:34:15
    the next step is for you if you want to
  • 00:34:17
    run wordpress you want to run magento
  • 00:34:19
    you want to run basically any php
  • 00:34:21
    applications just go with htcp very
  • 00:34:24
    lightweight nice control panel
  • 00:34:27
    very easy to use
  • 00:34:29
    so if you want to install stp let me
  • 00:34:31
    just show you how you can do that
  • 00:34:33
    so on this link down here
  • 00:34:36
    you can generate a script and for me i
  • 00:34:38
    usually encourage you to use engine x
  • 00:34:41
    and php fpm so when you're generating
  • 00:34:43
    the script just disable apache you can
  • 00:34:46
    install multi-php maybe you don't know
  • 00:34:47
    what you want to run maybe you want to
  • 00:34:49
    run maybe you want to run something that
  • 00:34:50
    uses php 5.6 or php 7.4 you can run
  • 00:34:54
    multi-php and this is going to install
  • 00:34:56
    all the php versions you if you don't
  • 00:34:58
    need any at some point you can always
  • 00:35:00
    uninstall them on the htcp dashboard
  • 00:35:03
    ftp you can use pro ftp or vsftp
  • 00:35:06
    i'll just leave it at vstp and then
  • 00:35:08
    named this is what you'll use for dns
  • 00:35:11
    dns if you want to handle dns and you
  • 00:35:13
    want to use your own own name servers
  • 00:35:15
    you can
  • 00:35:16
    do that using named make sure it is
  • 00:35:18
    installed and i do have a video for sdsp
  • 00:35:22
    dns setup i do have a video for that i
  • 00:35:24
    hope it shows up because i just
  • 00:35:26
    installed it
  • 00:35:29
    so i think i'm the one
  • 00:35:31
    i'm the one who posted that on
  • 00:35:34
    reddit but the video
  • 00:35:35
    we can find the link there
  • 00:35:37
    [Music]
  • 00:35:41
    so if you come to youtube this is a
  • 00:35:45
    video you can use this to set up sdsp
  • 00:35:47
    using cloudflare
  • 00:35:48
    or your personal name servers that is
  • 00:35:51
    available there
  • 00:35:53
    named install that mysql if you need
  • 00:35:56
    postgres you can install it exam that's
  • 00:35:58
    for sending mail dev code is also for
  • 00:36:00
    mail
  • 00:36:03
    this one also works with dovecote
  • 00:36:07
    clermov this is like an antivirus
  • 00:36:10
    and then spam assassin of course ip
  • 00:36:12
    tables that will be your firewall fail
  • 00:36:15
    to burn of course you need to install
  • 00:36:17
    fail to burn
  • 00:36:18
    and api if you want to activate the api
  • 00:36:22
    you can always reactivate it later on
  • 00:36:23
    but just leave it do not activate it
  • 00:36:26
    leave it unactivated
  • 00:36:28
    unless you want to create things on your
  • 00:36:30
    own you want to access the api but just
  • 00:36:33
    leave that unchecked
  • 00:36:35
    and then of course just for the
  • 00:36:37
    installation you never know your server
  • 00:36:39
    may experience some errors but if you
  • 00:36:41
    first installation it will be first to
  • 00:36:43
    be installed and most importantly you
  • 00:36:46
    change your port if you want to use
  • 00:36:47
    cloudflare
  • 00:36:48
    then change the port to cloudflare
  • 00:36:50
    acceptable ports
  • 00:36:58
    so network ports let's see which ports
  • 00:37:00
    cloudflare supports so http ports those
  • 00:37:03
    are the ones you can change
  • 00:37:05
    your cloudflare your htcp port to any
  • 00:37:08
    one of this okay
  • 00:37:10
    this seems like a good one just use that
  • 00:37:13
    2053
  • 00:37:15
    and then
  • 00:37:19
    change the pot there hostname you
  • 00:37:21
    already changed your host name add that
  • 00:37:23
    host name there the host name that we
  • 00:37:25
    changed it to
  • 00:37:26
    was that make sure that the one you put
  • 00:37:28
    there and then your email the email for
  • 00:37:30
    your admin user and that there and then
  • 00:37:33
    a password set a password there even if
  • 00:37:35
    you don't set a password you can always
  • 00:37:37
    come in here and at the end of this post
  • 00:37:40
    yeah yeah if you need to reset your
  • 00:37:42
    password on your ubuntu the password for
  • 00:37:44
    your admin user or whichever user on
  • 00:37:46
    http you can do it like that on ubuntu
  • 00:37:48
    2204 that is the password
  • 00:37:51
    write the password there
  • 00:37:53
    write the user there and you can change
  • 00:37:56
    the password for your user so if you
  • 00:37:58
    don't set a password or you forget the
  • 00:37:59
    password you can always change the
  • 00:38:01
    password
  • 00:38:02
    via ssh
  • 00:38:04
    and then this just leave that unchecked
  • 00:38:07
    you want to proceed
  • 00:38:09
    come in here
  • 00:38:10
    [Music]
  • 00:38:11
    copy that run that on your ssh and then
  • 00:38:14
    run this on your ssh and then log in
  • 00:38:17
    this pretty much should end this
  • 00:38:19
    tutorial for how to deploy
  • 00:38:24
    and do an initial ubuntu 2204 setup on
  • 00:38:27
    contable
  • 00:38:29
    let me just try and
  • 00:38:32
    reboot the server and see if there are
  • 00:38:33
    any issues logging back in
  • 00:38:39
    if you have an issue where you're unable
  • 00:38:41
    to log back in
  • 00:38:43
    i did a video about how to log in via
  • 00:38:45
    vnc when you log in using vnc
  • 00:38:48
    you can always
  • 00:38:50
    figure out what the problem is normally
  • 00:38:52
    you can just go into your sshd
  • 00:38:54
    configuration file see if there is
  • 00:38:55
    anything there that is disallowing you
  • 00:38:57
    from logging in and you can also see if
  • 00:39:00
    the ssh port
  • 00:39:02
    is allowed and you can also check if ssh
  • 00:39:05
    is running you can just do something
  • 00:39:06
    like ssh
  • 00:39:08
    service ssh
  • 00:39:10
    starters and that will show you if ssh
  • 00:39:12
    is running so you can see after setting
  • 00:39:15
    up the ssh key login is pretty much a
  • 00:39:17
    breeze you won't really have any much
  • 00:39:19
    problems logging in because we have
  • 00:39:22
    changed the port
  • 00:39:23
    we have also disallowed password
  • 00:39:25
    authentication so this is good for your
  • 00:39:27
    server and we've also disabled root user
  • 00:39:30
    from logging in
  • 00:39:31
    so that's pretty much it for this video
  • 00:39:33
    if you do have any questions or you're
  • 00:39:35
    stuck just feel free to ask me in the
  • 00:39:36
    comments section
  • 00:39:39
    i'll see you in another video
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