Business Law | Extinguishing of Obligation (Debt) | Part 1 | For Educational Purposes Only

00:38:18
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObBeT5nYhlU

摘要

TLDRIn this video, the lecturer explains the concept of "extinguishment of obligation" under Article 1231 of the Civil Code, which details six modes by which an obligation can be terminated: 1) payment or performance, 2) loss of the thing due, 3) condonation or remission of the debt, 4) confusion or merger of rights of creditor and debtor, 5) compensation, and 6) novation. The discussion examines the specifics of each mode, emphasizing payment or performance, where not only the delivery of money but also complete performance based on the type of obligation (to give, to do, or not to do) is necessary. The burden of proof for payment is placed on the debtor after the creditor proves the existence of the obligation and who exactly can make payments is explored, specifying that usually, only the debtor can pay unless specific conditions are met. Additionally, the lecture examines scenarios where payments made by a third party without the debtor's knowledge or intention for reimbursement can be valid and how subrogation rights may be granted. The lecturer also emphasizes that for an obligation to be considered paid, payment must be made to the correct party or as agreed, ensuring a complete prestation unless substantial performance can be justified or accepted without protest by the obligee. Finally, the video points out the nuances of potential exceptions to these rules and touches on legal concepts like donation and benefit of excussion, highlighting their significance in relevant legal proceedings.

心得

  • 📜 Understanding six modes of extinguishing obligations according to Article 1231 of the Civil Code.
  • 💰 Payment or performance requires complete fulfillment of an obligation.
  • 📚 The burden of proof for payment rests on the debtor once the obligation's existence is established by the creditor.
  • 🤝 Third parties can pay a debtor's obligation, but acceptance and stipulations matter.
  • 📜 Importance of consent in donations when a third party pays a debt.
  • ✔️ Substantial performance or accepted incomplete performance can satisfy obligations.
  • 🔐 Subrogation rights allow a third party to step into the creditor's shoes.
  • 💵 Payment must be made to the correct party to extinguish an obligation.
  • 🧾 A debtor is not compelled to prove payment until the creditor proves the debt's existence.
  • 🔍 Subrogation grants all creditor rights to a third party with the debtor's consent.
  • 📑 Legal provisions exist for third parties wanting reimbursement for paid debts.
  • 🗝 Exploring variations like novation and compensation in the extinguishment of obligations.

时间轴

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The video discusses the topic of extinguishment of obligations, which involves six modes as per Article 1231 of the Civil Code. The first mode, payment or performance, is detailed, explaining that it involves not only monetary payment but also fulfilling the obligation as agreed. If a debt isn't fully paid, the obligation isn't extinguished. The burden of proof that payment has been made lies with the debtor, but the creditor first must prove the obligation exists.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    The discussion continues on who can make payments. Generally, only the debtor can pay, as stated in Article 1236, but exceptions exist such as heirs or authorized representatives can make payments too. A third person can pay if having an interest in obligation fulfillment, like guarantors who could be liable if the debtor defaults. The importance of exhausting all debtor's assets before going after a guarantor is mentioned, emphasizing the benefit of excussion in the legal framework.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    The topic shifts to third-party payments, discussing scenarios where third parties pay without debtor's knowledge or against their will only to recover if it benefits the debtor. If with debtor’s knowledge, third parties gain full creditor rights via subrogation, stepping into the creditor’s position. Differences in third-party rights based on debtor consent, like donation and reimbursement possibilities, are explained, including legal stipulations around such scenarios in the Civil Code.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    If a third person pays with no intent for reimbursement, it's treated as a donation, needing debtor consent to be valid. If intention changes without debtor consent, recovery is still possible. Debt doesn't extinguish unless payment's made to rightful parties: original creditor, heirs, or authorized persons. Wrong payments don't obligate creditors to acknowledge debt clearance. Real-world examples highlight the importance of fulfilling obligations completely to extinguish them.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:25:00

    The video elaborates on payment requirements, stressing payments must meet the integrity and identity of the prestation for obligations to extinguish. Exceptions are noted for substantial performance in good faith or when creditors accept incomplete obligations without protest. Scenarios highlight how partial performance doesn't extinguish obligations unless creditors explicitly accept them under specific conditions, fostering flexibility within legal adherence.

  • 00:25:00 - 00:30:00

    Discusses conditions under which the prestation might be substituted, provided the creditor consents. It refers to an example of selling a reduced amount of goods due to uncontrollable circumstances with mutual consent, which acts as an acceptable legal substitution. Describes situations under Article 1234 where substantial performance can be accepted under mitigating circumstances, reinforcing practical adaptability in contractual obligations when unforeseen events require deviation.

  • 00:30:00 - 00:38:18

    The ending segment discusses the criteria for rightful payment recipients per Article 1240. Payments must be received by the original creditor, their successors, or authorized parties. The video cautions against making payments to unauthorized parties to avoid non-extinguishment of obligations. Legal and practical measures ensure both parties adhere to agreed terms, ensuring creditors' rights are upheld and debts appropriately settled even if performance deviates due to approved substitutions.

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Mind Map

视频问答

  • How can an obligation be extinguished according to Article 1231 of the Civil Code?

    An obligation can be extinguished by six modes according to the Civil Code Article 1231.

  • Who has the burden of proving that a debt has been paid?

    The burden of proving that a debt has been paid falls on the debtor after the creditor has proven the existence of the obligation.

  • Who can pay a debtor's obligation?

    In general, only the debtor or a person authorized by the debtor can pay the debt, unless there's a stipulation to the contrary.

  • Can a friend pay off a debtor's obligation without any direct interest in it?

    Yes, a friend or any third person can pay a debtor’s obligation if the creditor accepts the payment, even if the third person has no interest in the obligation.

  • What happens if a third party pays a debt without the debtor's knowledge?

    A third person who pays without the debtor's knowledge can only reclaim from the debtor the amount that has benefited the debtor.

  • What rights does a third party have if they pay a debt with the debtor's knowledge?

    If the payment by a third party is with the knowledge of the debtor, the payer may have the entitlement to rights such as reimbursement and subrogation.

  • What happens if a third person pays a debt with no intention to be reimbursed?

    A perfected donation requires the debtor's consent when a third person has paid the debt without intent to be reimbursed.

  • To whom should payment be made to extinguish an obligation?

    Payment must be made to the person in whose favor the obligation has been constituted, their successor, or someone authorized to receive it.

  • Are there exceptions to the rule that a prestation must be completely fulfilled for an obligation to be extinguished?

    Substantial performance or the acceptance of incomplete performance without protest by the obligee may still extinguish the obligation.

  • What does subrogation mean in the context of a third party paying a debt?

    Subrogation is when a third party steps into the creditor's role, acquiring all creditor rights, when they settle a debtor's obligation with the debtor's consent.

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  • 00:00:00
    Hi class um today's video is about the
  • 00:00:03
    extinguishment of obligation and this is
  • 00:00:05
    the second to the last topic the last
  • 00:00:08
    video that I will be uploading is about
  • 00:00:11
    contract and good thing about having a
  • 00:00:13
    recorded lecture like this is that you
  • 00:00:15
    can go back and listen to it at your
  • 00:00:18
    most convenient
  • 00:00:19
    time so in this topic um we're going to
  • 00:00:22
    talk about how an obligation can be
  • 00:00:25
    extinguished and there are six modes to
  • 00:00:28
    do So according to article 1231 of The
  • 00:00:32
    Civil Code so article 1231 provides that
  • 00:00:36
    obligations are
  • 00:00:38
    extinguished number one by payment or
  • 00:00:41
    performance number two by the loss of
  • 00:00:44
    the thing DU number three by the
  • 00:00:46
    condonation or remission of the debt
  • 00:00:49
    number four by the confusion or merger
  • 00:00:52
    of the rights of creditor and debtor
  • 00:00:54
    number five by compensation and number
  • 00:00:56
    six by novation so let's go over them
  • 00:00:59
    one by one one first is
  • 00:01:02
    by payment or performance so article
  • 00:01:05
    1232 says that payment means not only
  • 00:01:10
    delivery of money but also the
  • 00:01:12
    performance in any other matter of an
  • 00:01:14
    obligation a de shall not be considered
  • 00:01:17
    paid unless the thing or service in
  • 00:01:20
    which the obligation consists has been
  • 00:01:22
    completely delivered or rendered as the
  • 00:01:25
    case may be so payment means not only
  • 00:01:28
    the delivery of money but also the
  • 00:01:31
    performance depending Upon The
  • 00:01:32
    prestation and again I guess memorize na
  • 00:01:36
    yan that there are three kinds of
  • 00:01:38
    prestation that is the obligation to
  • 00:01:40
    give to do and not to do So obviously
  • 00:01:43
    hindi puro payment of money kasi Iyung
  • 00:01:45
    ibang prestation has something to do
  • 00:01:47
    with performance Uh take note also na
  • 00:01:50
    iyung debt is considered paid lang no as
  • 00:01:53
    i stated here if the thing or service
  • 00:01:55
    has been completely delivered or
  • 00:01:58
    rendered so ex sa obligation to give if
  • 00:02:01
    may utang si detor na Php10,000
  • 00:02:04
    dapat mabayaran ni detor yung buong
  • 00:02:08
    Php10,000
  • 00:02:09
    Otherwise the debt will not be
  • 00:02:12
    extinguished sa personal obligation
  • 00:02:14
    naman like if you're Contracted to sing
  • 00:02:16
    five songs for Php5,000 sa isang
  • 00:02:19
    birthday party no kailangan five songs
  • 00:02:21
    ung Kantahin mo Otherwise obligation
  • 00:02:24
    will not be extinguished now talking
  • 00:02:26
    about payment no sino ba yung may Burden
  • 00:02:30
    to prove that payment has been made kasi
  • 00:02:33
    minsan ' ba Pag umabot na yun sa korte
  • 00:02:35
    nagkas uhan na sino ba yung may Burden
  • 00:02:39
    to prove that payment has been made So
  • 00:02:41
    basically si deor iyan so siya Iyung
  • 00:02:43
    merong
  • 00:02:45
    responsibility to prove na nabayaran
  • 00:02:47
    niya na yyung utang niya but bago umabot
  • 00:02:49
    sa stage that the deor has to prove that
  • 00:02:52
    he or she has paid a de creditor has to
  • 00:02:55
    prove first that the obligation exist So
  • 00:02:58
    yung talaga namang unang nagpa-file yung
  • 00:03:01
    nagpa-file talaga ng suit diyan kapag
  • 00:03:03
    mga bayad-bayad sa mga utang si creditor
  • 00:03:06
    ' ba siya kasi yung merong cost of
  • 00:03:07
    action na hindi siya nabayaran so
  • 00:03:10
    kailangan munang i-prove ni creditor
  • 00:03:12
    that the obligation exist kasi pag hindi
  • 00:03:15
    niya ma-prove pwedeng i-dismiss yyung
  • 00:03:17
    case so after niyang ma-prove after ni
  • 00:03:20
    creditor ma-prove that the obligation
  • 00:03:23
    exist the burden of proving payment is
  • 00:03:26
    with the debtor So pupunta na kay de or
  • 00:03:30
    yung burden of proving payment so hindi
  • 00:03:34
    si creditor ang may Burden to prove na
  • 00:03:36
    hindi pa siya nababayaran ni deor si
  • 00:03:40
    deor yung dapat na-prove na nabayaran
  • 00:03:43
    niya na yung debt niya Okay so Again the
  • 00:03:47
    burden of proof lies with the deor and
  • 00:03:49
    then mag-shift na lang yan no kung
  • 00:03:52
    nag-progress yung kaso nila mag-shift na
  • 00:03:54
    lang yan pabalik kay creditor kung
  • 00:03:57
    halimbawang si deor nag-introduce siya
  • 00:03:59
    ng of payment at gusto siyang
  • 00:04:28
    i-continue payment at nabayaran niyo na
  • 00:04:31
    siya hindi naman siya yung Literal na
  • 00:04:33
    receipt na resibo talaga But it could be
  • 00:04:35
    a document
  • 00:04:38
    na-receive No that will evidence that
  • 00:04:40
    the creditor has received the payment
  • 00:04:44
    okay now Sino ba yung pwedeng mag bayad
  • 00:04:48
    ng utang ni detor since we are talking
  • 00:04:51
    about payment here or performance So
  • 00:04:54
    sino ba yung pwedeng magbayad ng utang
  • 00:04:56
    ni detor as a general rule the creditor
  • 00:05:00
    cannot be compelled to accept payment
  • 00:05:03
    from any
  • 00:05:05
    person except from the deor Syempre so
  • 00:05:08
    si debtor talaga yung merong primary
  • 00:05:12
    liability to pay the debt and the rule
  • 00:05:16
    is stated in article 1236 of The Civil
  • 00:05:20
    Code which says that the creditor is not
  • 00:05:23
    bound to accept payment or performance
  • 00:05:26
    by the third person who has no interest
  • 00:05:29
    the fulfillment of the obligation unless
  • 00:05:33
    there is a stipulation to the contrary
  • 00:05:36
    so general rule si deor ang dapat
  • 00:05:39
    magbayad pero may exemption as stated in
  • 00:05:42
    article 1236 so therefore the following
  • 00:05:46
    can compel the creditor to accept
  • 00:05:49
    payment or or performance and who are
  • 00:05:51
    they so yan Number one we have the deor
  • 00:05:55
    Syempre Sabi nga natin siya yung primary
  • 00:05:57
    liable diyan his a airs yung mga
  • 00:06:00
    tagapagmana niya kaya sabi natin before
  • 00:06:02
    Kahit mamatay si detor ' ba ah pwedeng
  • 00:06:06
    yung mga airs niya yung magbayad so same
  • 00:06:09
    Ah so ito na yun yung sinasabi natin na
  • 00:06:12
    yung mga yung mga airs is pwedeng
  • 00:06:15
    bayaran Iyung utang ni detor sines or
  • 00:06:18
    Julie authorized representative number
  • 00:06:21
    two the person authorized by stipulation
  • 00:06:23
    to make payment so meaning to say
  • 00:06:26
    nakalagay talaga doun sa agreement nila
  • 00:06:27
    na bukod kay detor meron paang like
  • 00:06:29
    specific person na pwedeng magbayad ng
  • 00:06:33
    utang on behalf of the detor so in
  • 00:06:35
    authorize siya ni detor and it was
  • 00:06:37
    agreed by the creditor as well and
  • 00:06:39
    number three a third person interested
  • 00:06:42
    in the fulfillment of the obligation so
  • 00:06:45
    when we say third
  • 00:06:47
    person third person hindi talaga siya
  • 00:06:50
    party To The Contract okay and sinasabi
  • 00:06:54
    dito na meron lang right third person to
  • 00:06:56
    compel the creditor to accept the
  • 00:06:59
    payment depending on whether that third
  • 00:07:02
    person has an interest in the
  • 00:07:03
    fulfillment of the obligation So if he
  • 00:07:06
    has
  • 00:07:07
    interest the third person may
  • 00:07:10
    compel the creditor to accept the
  • 00:07:14
    payment ngayon kung wala siyang interest
  • 00:07:17
    doon sa fulfillment of the obligation
  • 00:07:19
    hindi pwedeng i-compile si um creditor
  • 00:07:25
    na tanggapin yung bayad Okay so What is
  • 00:07:30
    the meaning of Sorry What is the meaning
  • 00:07:33
    of having interest in the fulfillment of
  • 00:07:36
    obligation ano bang ibig sabihin yan
  • 00:07:38
    okay pag sinabi nating merong interest
  • 00:07:41
    in the fulfillment of the obligation
  • 00:07:43
    Okay we could say that a person or a
  • 00:07:46
    third person has an interest in the
  • 00:07:48
    extinguishment of the deb's obligation
  • 00:07:50
    if it's non fulfillment will make that
  • 00:07:54
    third
  • 00:07:55
    person
  • 00:07:57
    liable or his property be liable for its
  • 00:08:01
    payment a good example is yung mga
  • 00:08:03
    guarantor andur so hindi naman talaga
  • 00:08:06
    sila yung um contracting parties ' ba
  • 00:08:11
    pero dahil nga sila yung nag-go kay
  • 00:08:15
    detor na mababayaran ni deor yyung Utang
  • 00:08:17
    na iyon so they fall within this
  • 00:08:19
    category na kapag hindi nabayaran ni
  • 00:08:22
    detor yyung obligation or yung debt Okay
  • 00:08:26
    their property Might Be at stake so sila
  • 00:08:29
    yung magiging responsible to pay the
  • 00:08:31
    debt of the debtor kaya meron silang
  • 00:08:34
    interest in the fulfillment of the
  • 00:08:36
    obligation Kasi kapag hindi yun
  • 00:08:38
    nabayaran merong impact or merong effect
  • 00:08:40
    Yun sa kanila so therefore kung si third
  • 00:08:44
    person may interest siya sa fulfillment
  • 00:08:45
    ng obligation
  • 00:08:47
    um compelled si creditor na i-accept
  • 00:08:50
    yyung payment okay but of course sa mga
  • 00:08:53
    ganong case naman no si garantor Kung
  • 00:08:56
    halimbawa man na talagang hindi
  • 00:08:57
    makapagbayad si detor at si si creditor
  • 00:09:01
    will go after the
  • 00:09:03
    guarantor i- indemnified pa rin naman ni
  • 00:09:06
    detor yun So pwede pa rin naman yun
  • 00:09:08
    sisingilin pa rin talaga yun ni garantor
  • 00:09:11
    kay detor Okay so but of course si
  • 00:09:14
    garantor din hindi din naman siya
  • 00:09:16
    pwedeng i-compile na bayaran si creditor
  • 00:09:19
    unless si creditor na- exhaust niya muna
  • 00:09:22
    lahat ng property ni deor and the
  • 00:09:24
    creditor resorted to all the legal
  • 00:09:26
    remedies against the deor so that is
  • 00:09:29
    what we call the benefit of excussion
  • 00:09:31
    pero hindi na natin siya idi-discuss
  • 00:09:33
    deeply Okay so yung sinasabi lang basta
  • 00:09:37
    bago halimbawa hindi pwede na si
  • 00:09:40
    creditor nag-attempt siya na single in
  • 00:09:43
    deor hindi nagbayad si creditor will go
  • 00:09:46
    after the garantor agad Hindi pwede
  • 00:09:48
    kailangan ma-meet yyung mga requirements
  • 00:09:51
    na sinabi ko which is dapat ma-exercise
  • 00:09:59
    remedies na pwede against sa debtor So
  • 00:10:01
    kung lahat yun hindi talaga umubra
  • 00:10:03
    That's the time na the creditor can go
  • 00:10:05
    after the garantor so Itong mga to itg
  • 00:10:09
    from numbers 1 to 3 they can compel the
  • 00:10:12
    creditor to accept the payment but take
  • 00:10:15
    note na hindi rin naman limited sa mga
  • 00:10:18
    ito so itong numbers 1 two 3 yung
  • 00:10:21
    pwedeng magbayad ng utang kay creditor
  • 00:10:23
    on behalf of the detor so ang sinasabi
  • 00:10:26
    lang sa article 1236 is that si creditor
  • 00:10:31
    hindi siya pwedeng pwersahin na
  • 00:10:33
    tanggapin yung
  • 00:10:34
    bayad if hindi si deor yung mismong
  • 00:10:38
    nagbayad at itong mga exemptions na
  • 00:10:42
    nakalagay dito Okay so kahit third
  • 00:10:45
    person yan walang interest ' ba walang
  • 00:10:48
    interest doon sa fulfillment of the
  • 00:10:50
    obligation pwede pa rin yangyang
  • 00:10:51
    magbayad Kung tatanggapin ni creditor
  • 00:10:54
    ang pinagkaiba lang si creditor hindi
  • 00:10:57
    siya pwedeng i-compare hindi siya
  • 00:10:58
    pwedeng person unlike Itong mga to itg
  • 00:11:01
    from numbers 1 to TH they can compel
  • 00:11:03
    creditor to accept the payment so for
  • 00:11:06
    example um Friend ko si detor Alam ko na
  • 00:11:10
    may utang siya kay Mr x So pwede ko bang
  • 00:11:13
    bayaran yung utang ni detor wala akong
  • 00:11:15
    interest doun sa fulfillment of the
  • 00:11:16
    obligation o kung mabayaran ni detor
  • 00:11:19
    yung utang niya wala namang impact sa
  • 00:11:22
    akin yun So pwede ko bang bayaran yung
  • 00:11:24
    utang niya the answer is Yes Kung
  • 00:11:27
    tatanggapin ni creditor pero dahil wala
  • 00:11:30
    naman akong interest d sa fulfillment of
  • 00:11:32
    the obligation pag ayaw tanggapin ni
  • 00:11:34
    creditor hindi ko siya pwedeng
  • 00:11:38
    i-comment so yun yung sinasabi sa
  • 00:11:41
    1236 so I hope nasusundan niyo now Doon
  • 00:11:45
    tayo sa third person who has no interest
  • 00:11:47
    to the fulfillment of the obligation so
  • 00:11:50
    gaya nga ng example ko ako yyung friend
  • 00:11:52
    friend ko si detor wala pero wala akong
  • 00:11:55
    interest d sa fulfillment of the
  • 00:11:57
    obligation may may if effect no yung
  • 00:12:00
    payment ko depending on whether the
  • 00:12:03
    debtor has knowledge about the payment
  • 00:12:05
    or not Okay so ito yan if the payment
  • 00:12:10
    was made without the
  • 00:12:12
    knowledge or against the Will Of The
  • 00:12:14
    debtor ito Iyung effect niya the payer
  • 00:12:17
    can recover from the Deb only in so far
  • 00:12:21
    as the payment has been beneficial to
  • 00:12:23
    the
  • 00:12:24
    deor Okay so In other words the recovery
  • 00:12:27
    is only up to the tent or amount of the
  • 00:12:30
    debt at the time of payment for
  • 00:12:33
    example si detor May utang siya kay B
  • 00:12:36
    amounting to Php20,000 So ngayon si
  • 00:12:38
    detor nabayaran niya na yung kalahati
  • 00:12:41
    yung 10,000 and ako yung friend niya
  • 00:12:44
    Hindi ako aware na bayad niya na yung
  • 00:12:46
    kalahati Ang alam ko lang may utang siya
  • 00:12:47
    kay B na Php20,000
  • 00:12:50
    so sa pagmamagandang loob binayaran ko
  • 00:12:54
    yung buong 20,000 kb ng Hindi alam ni
  • 00:12:57
    detor
  • 00:12:59
    so magkano yung pwede kong i-recover kay
  • 00:13:02
    detor kasi syempre
  • 00:13:29
    detor So ngayon ang hahabulin ko doun sa
  • 00:13:32
    kalahati is si creditor si B na
  • 00:13:35
    tinanggap naman yung bayad kahit alam
  • 00:13:36
    naman yan na bayad na yyung kalahati So
  • 00:13:40
    yun yyung effect kapag the payment was
  • 00:13:43
    made without the knowledge or against
  • 00:13:45
    the Will Of The debtor by a third
  • 00:13:48
    person but if the payment is made with
  • 00:13:51
    the knowledge of the debtor yan so the
  • 00:13:54
    payer shall have the rights of
  • 00:13:57
    reimbursement and subrogation that is to
  • 00:14:00
    recover What has what he has paid and to
  • 00:14:04
    acquire all the rights of the creditor
  • 00:14:05
    So yung difference kapag may knowledge
  • 00:14:07
    si detor is that si third person can be
  • 00:14:13
    subrogated to the rights of the creditor
  • 00:14:16
    so when we say subrogated or Iyung
  • 00:14:18
    subrogation na mine diyan the third
  • 00:14:21
    person will step into the shoes of the
  • 00:14:25
    creditor So lahat ng rights na meron si
  • 00:14:28
    creditor mapupunta yun kay third person
  • 00:14:30
    so let's have a scenario
  • 00:14:34
    Okay Okay so Joel owes Joven the sum of
  • 00:14:39
    Php1,000 if Jason a stranger to the
  • 00:14:42
    obligation so meaning to say si Jason
  • 00:14:44
    third person siya offers to pay Joven
  • 00:14:47
    without the knowledge of Joel What are
  • 00:14:50
    the rights that can be asserted by Jason
  • 00:14:54
    so again what are the rs without the
  • 00:14:57
    knowledge So if the actual indebtedness
  • 00:15:00
    is
  • 00:15:00
    Php1,000 and Jason paid Php1,000 then
  • 00:15:05
    Jason can ask reimbursement for Php1,000
  • 00:15:09
    So pwede niyang masingil si Zel ng
  • 00:15:11
    Php1,000 kasi the actual indebtedness is
  • 00:15:14
    1,000 din naman but if Php400 had
  • 00:15:18
    already been paid by
  • 00:15:19
    Joel then Jason is entitled to be
  • 00:15:23
    reimbursed only for the amount of
  • 00:15:26
    Php600 because it is only to the that
  • 00:15:29
    amount that Joel has been benefited kasi
  • 00:15:31
    bayat niya na yung 400 e so
  • 00:15:34
    Jason can recover Php400 from Joven who
  • 00:15:39
    should not have accepted it okay na
  • 00:15:41
    ngayon kung si Joven tinanggap niya pa
  • 00:15:43
    yung buong ion and he acted in bad fai
  • 00:15:47
    Joven can be liable pa for interest in
  • 00:15:49
    view of damages yan may mga damages pa
  • 00:15:52
    iyan but suppose the payment made by
  • 00:15:56
    Jason sabihin natin i- twist natin yung
  • 00:15:59
    scenario So yung payment made by Jason
  • 00:16:02
    is with knowledge of
  • 00:16:04
    Joel So ano ngayon yung mga rights na
  • 00:16:07
    pwedeng i- assert ni Jason so Jason can
  • 00:16:09
    recover from Joven the Php1,000 with all
  • 00:16:13
    the rights of subrogation to the
  • 00:16:16
    accessory of the obligation so for
  • 00:16:18
    example kung Iyung agreement ni Joel and
  • 00:16:20
    ni Joven Bukod doun sa Php1,000 May naka
  • 00:16:23
    collateral na let's say
  • 00:16:26
    um bisikleta or any item na
  • 00:16:30
    naka-collage ' ba or merong guarantee '
  • 00:16:34
    ba yung agreement nilang dalawa So dahil
  • 00:16:38
    with knowledge ni Joel Iyung payment ko
  • 00:16:41
    ako na ngayon yung mag-step into the
  • 00:16:43
    shoes of the creditor I will be the new
  • 00:16:45
    creditor at lahat ng rights ni Joven
  • 00:16:48
    mapupunta yun sa akin So kung hindi
  • 00:16:50
    makapagbayad si Jowel ng Php1,000 sa
  • 00:16:53
    akin yung mga nakasanla doun o yung mga
  • 00:16:55
    collateral na kasama doun Meron na akong
  • 00:16:58
    right doon because nga subrogated na
  • 00:17:00
    yung rights ni creditor nung naunang
  • 00:17:03
    creditor which is si jovin papunta kay
  • 00:17:06
    Jason so yun yung sinasabi natin na
  • 00:17:09
    subrogation so Jason will now stand in
  • 00:17:12
    the position of the creditor kaya lahat
  • 00:17:15
    ng rights ni joben doon sa agreement
  • 00:17:19
    nila mapupunta yun kay Jason if the
  • 00:17:22
    payment was made with knowledge of Jel
  • 00:17:27
    Okay so yun yung Doon yun yung effect
  • 00:17:30
    kapag si third person yung nagbayad
  • 00:17:33
    tapos with or without knowledge ni detor
  • 00:17:37
    So take note that whether may knowledge
  • 00:17:40
    or wala si ah deor about sa ginawang
  • 00:17:43
    payment ni third person is still si
  • 00:17:46
    third person is entitled to recover what
  • 00:17:49
    he or she has paid that is according to
  • 00:17:52
    article 12 36 of The Civil Code and it
  • 00:17:56
    says here that if the debtor's
  • 00:17:59
    obligation is paid by another person the
  • 00:18:02
    third person is generally entitled to
  • 00:18:05
    recover from the deor what he has paid
  • 00:18:08
    so whether may knowledge sa deor o wala
  • 00:18:11
    entitled si third person na nagbayad ng
  • 00:18:14
    utang ni detor na i-recover kay detor
  • 00:18:17
    yyung binayad niya But what if the third
  • 00:18:21
    person has no intention to be
  • 00:18:24
    reimbursed Anong tawag doun What if kung
  • 00:18:27
    yun nga sa scenario ako ung friend tapos
  • 00:18:30
    binayaran ko pero wala naman akong
  • 00:18:31
    intensyon na singilin pa si detor so we
  • 00:18:35
    called it as donation So parang It will
  • 00:18:38
    be in a form of donation na hindi na ako
  • 00:18:41
    mag-aask ng payment from um Deb from the
  • 00:18:47
    debtor okay and article 1238 provides
  • 00:18:51
    that payment made by a third person who
  • 00:18:54
    does not intend no ito yung legal basis
  • 00:18:56
    Who does not intend to be reimbursed by
  • 00:18:58
    the debtor is deemed to be a donation
  • 00:19:02
    which requires deor consent but the
  • 00:19:05
    payment is in any case valid as to the
  • 00:19:09
    creditor who has accepted it okay so
  • 00:19:12
    kung walang intens si third person to be
  • 00:19:15
    reimbursed the deb's consent is required
  • 00:19:19
    by law required siya because the payment
  • 00:19:24
    by the third person is deemed to be a
  • 00:19:26
    donation so sa donation kasi requ talaga
  • 00:19:29
    na in-accept ni doni yung donation ni
  • 00:19:33
    donor para maging valid yung or
  • 00:19:37
    perfected Iyung donation So if such
  • 00:19:40
    consent is given by the detor a perfect
  • 00:19:43
    a perfected donation exist between the
  • 00:19:46
    detor and the third person So kung
  • 00:19:48
    halimbawang nakapagbigay ng consent si
  • 00:19:51
    detor na O sige
  • 00:19:54
    Ano okay sa akin na donation na lang
  • 00:19:57
    siya pa yung umok e no Pero kailangan
  • 00:19:59
    talaga Magcon si detor na ah It will be
  • 00:20:02
    in a form of donation at hindi na siya
  • 00:20:04
    sisingilin ni third person Okay so Once
  • 00:20:08
    na ma-perfect yyung donation If the if
  • 00:20:11
    the donation is perfected hindi na
  • 00:20:13
    pwedeng i-change ni third person Later
  • 00:20:17
    on yyung mind niya at mag-demand siya ng
  • 00:20:19
    reimbursement So hindi na niya pwedeng
  • 00:20:21
    bawiin yon at sisingilin niya pa ulit si
  • 00:20:24
    detor na ay Nagbago na isip ko hindi ko
  • 00:20:27
    na pala ano si singilin ko na pala yung
  • 00:20:29
    binayad ko dun sa credit or doun sa
  • 00:20:31
    utang mo So hindi na pwede Once na the
  • 00:20:33
    once the donation is
  • 00:20:35
    perfected Pero kung halimbawang at first
  • 00:20:39
    nung binayaran ni third person yung
  • 00:20:41
    utang ni detor ang mindset niya talaga
  • 00:20:45
    is hindi na niya sisingilin si detor
  • 00:20:47
    Kasi kumbaga ano naman friend niya naman
  • 00:20:50
    So tulong niya na din pero nung time na
  • 00:20:53
    ginawa niya yun na gusto niya na parang
  • 00:20:55
    donation na nga lang ' ba wala siyang
  • 00:20:57
    intensyon na i- reimburse Pero wala
  • 00:21:00
    namang consent hindi naman niya kinuha
  • 00:21:02
    or hindi naman din binigay ni detto yung
  • 00:21:04
    consent
  • 00:21:05
    niya So unperfect donation siya
  • 00:21:11
    kaya kung halimbawang biglang mag-change
  • 00:21:14
    yung mind ni third person okay dahil
  • 00:21:18
    wala namang perfected donation at
  • 00:21:20
    nagbago no si third person may still
  • 00:21:24
    change his mind and choose to recover
  • 00:21:26
    from that Network
  • 00:21:28
    so at first Wala siyang intention to be
  • 00:21:30
    reimburse na bago isip niya wala namang
  • 00:21:32
    consent na binigay si detor walang
  • 00:21:35
    perfected donation So pwede pa ring
  • 00:21:37
    i-recover ni third person kay deor yung
  • 00:21:40
    amount na ibinayad niya kay creditor
  • 00:21:44
    Okay so Bakit importante yung consent sa
  • 00:21:46
    donation okay because the law respects
  • 00:21:49
    dony
  • 00:21:51
    Okay If ever na ayaw niyang tanggapin
  • 00:21:54
    yung gift or donation hindi pwedeng
  • 00:21:56
    i-force si na tanggapin yung donation no
  • 00:22:01
    Kasi for example kung si doni Ayaw
  • 00:22:03
    niyang magkaroon ng utang na loob sa
  • 00:22:05
    taong yun so consent protects dony from
  • 00:22:08
    forced acceptance or the feeling of
  • 00:22:11
    being obligated to accept the gift even
  • 00:22:14
    if it's unsuitable or It Might create
  • 00:22:17
    problems in the future So kaya kailangan
  • 00:22:19
    merong consent no hindi naman pwede na
  • 00:22:23
    um I pwersa lang natin yung isang tao na
  • 00:22:26
    tanggapin yung donation no kahit ayaw
  • 00:22:28
    niyya naman talaga so consent is ah
  • 00:22:31
    important This is an indispensable
  • 00:22:33
    requirement pagdating sa
  • 00:22:35
    donation now if ever the debtor oppose
  • 00:22:39
    the donation ' ba o ' ba nag-usap sila
  • 00:22:42
    na O sige Ano ako na magbabayad ng utang
  • 00:22:45
    mo sabi ni third person kay nag ininform
  • 00:22:49
    niya si deor and then I do not have any
  • 00:22:51
    intention naman to be reimburse so Okay
  • 00:22:54
    lang kahit hindi mo na ako bayaran pero
  • 00:22:56
    inose ni detor ung donation but still
  • 00:23:01
    pumayag siya na bayaran
  • 00:23:03
    ni third person yung utang niya payment
  • 00:23:06
    was still made by the third person so
  • 00:23:09
    Again
  • 00:23:10
    ah ang maga-apply dito is
  • 00:23:14
    yung yung effect niya
  • 00:23:17
    is ito yan so ang pwedeng i-recover lang
  • 00:23:21
    ni detor is yung in so far as the
  • 00:23:24
    payment has been beneficial to the deor
  • 00:23:28
    Okay kasi ' ba against naman doon sa
  • 00:23:32
    wheel ni detor ' ba inose niya yung
  • 00:23:35
    donation pero binayaran pa rin ni
  • 00:23:38
    binayaran pa rin ni third person yung
  • 00:23:40
    utang niya So ito yung maga-apply but if
  • 00:23:43
    the detor oppose the
  • 00:23:46
    donation
  • 00:23:48
    Okay pero may consent siya doon sa
  • 00:23:51
    payment Okay so just to be clear don sa
  • 00:23:54
    unang scenario inose ni detor ung
  • 00:23:57
    donation Okay pero despite the
  • 00:24:01
    opposition ni detor binayaran pa rin ni
  • 00:24:04
    third person yung utang so ang magaapply
  • 00:24:07
    lang do yung effect lang non is um ang
  • 00:24:10
    pwede lang i-recover ni third person is
  • 00:24:12
    yung amount in so far as the payment has
  • 00:24:14
    been beneficial to the deor but if the
  • 00:24:17
    detor oppos the donation pero nagc siya
  • 00:24:22
    nababayaran ni third person yung payment
  • 00:24:25
    k Alam niya ayaw niya lang na maging don
  • 00:24:28
    meaning to say babayaran niya pa rin si
  • 00:24:31
    third person pero pumayag siya na si
  • 00:24:32
    third person na muna yung magbayad ng
  • 00:24:34
    utang niya then the third person becomes
  • 00:24:36
    entitled to be subrogated to the rights
  • 00:24:40
    of the creditor So mag-a-apply yung
  • 00:24:42
    pangalawa na lahat ng rights ni original
  • 00:24:44
    creditor ay mapupunta kay third person
  • 00:24:49
    Okay so kung kanina The question is sino
  • 00:24:53
    yung pwedeng magbayad ng utang ni detor
  • 00:24:55
    bukad kay detor this time let's find out
  • 00:24:58
    naman kung sino naman yung dapat or
  • 00:25:00
    pwedeng magre ng payment
  • 00:25:06
    Okay yan so to whom p must must payment
  • 00:25:10
    be made An so article 1240 enumerates
  • 00:25:14
    the person to
  • 00:25:16
    payment to extinguish obligation should
  • 00:25:20
    be made so first yan so the person in
  • 00:25:24
    Whose favor the obligation has been
  • 00:25:26
    constituted so this refers to the origin
  • 00:25:28
    creditor So basically ang
  • 00:25:31
    ang dapat magre ng payment para ma-
  • 00:25:34
    extinguish ung obligation is si mismong
  • 00:25:36
    creditor kung sino yung pinagkakautangan
  • 00:25:38
    for example no kung sa obligation to
  • 00:25:41
    give kung sino yung pinagkakautangan ni
  • 00:25:43
    detor so siya yung dapat na-receive ng
  • 00:25:46
    payment number two his successor
  • 00:25:48
    interest so ito yyung kanyang mga parang
  • 00:25:49
    airs na din mga tagapagmana niya So it
  • 00:25:53
    refers to the person to whom the
  • 00:25:55
    original credit has been transferred yan
  • 00:25:57
    sa as the airs the assignees and the
  • 00:26:00
    subrogated creditors kasama yyan dito
  • 00:26:03
    sila yyung mga successors in interest
  • 00:26:06
    Okay and then number three any person
  • 00:26:08
    authorized to receive it so it does not
  • 00:26:11
    only refers to those person authorized
  • 00:26:13
    by the creditor but also those persons
  • 00:26:16
    authorized by law such as iyung mga
  • 00:26:18
    guardian administrator of the Estate and
  • 00:26:21
    the like No kung halimbawang si creditor
  • 00:26:25
    at the time of payment naging um insane
  • 00:26:27
    siya So kung meron siyang legal guardian
  • 00:26:32
    or administrator ng kanyang Estate ah
  • 00:26:34
    pwedeng doon ibigay yung payment and
  • 00:26:37
    this is very important Because if the
  • 00:26:39
    payment of the debtor was made to a
  • 00:26:41
    wrong party meaning to not to this
  • 00:26:45
    persons enumerated here ' ba the
  • 00:26:48
    obligation is not extinguished so it's
  • 00:26:50
    important na kailangan sa tamang tao
  • 00:26:53
    maibigay yung payment Otherwise hindi ma
  • 00:26:58
    na i- extinguish yung obligation even
  • 00:27:01
    when the debtor acted in at most good Fi
  • 00:27:05
    or halimawa it is through error induced
  • 00:27:09
    by the fraud of a third person yyung
  • 00:27:12
    payment na iyon void pa rin siya because
  • 00:27:15
    such payment will not prejudice the
  • 00:27:18
    creditor or it should not deprive the
  • 00:27:20
    creditor of his or her right to demand
  • 00:27:24
    payment So if it is impossible no
  • 00:27:27
    halimbawa may nag pakilala kay detor na
  • 00:27:29
    uy Ako yung representative ni creditor
  • 00:27:32
    sa akin mo ibigay yung payment and then
  • 00:27:35
    binigay mo naman without even asking for
  • 00:27:37
    any evidence or mga documents na that
  • 00:27:41
    that would um manifest or show na
  • 00:27:43
    talagang siya yung ah Siya yung
  • 00:27:51
    in-the-making i-defend Later on na hindi
  • 00:27:55
    ano akala ko kasi talaga nagpakilala
  • 00:27:57
    siya na ganito pero pero hindi naman
  • 00:27:58
    pala yun yung right person to receive
  • 00:28:02
    hindi siya in authorize ni creditor
  • 00:28:04
    hindi siya isa dito sa mga nabanggit
  • 00:28:08
    so still hindi pa rin extinguish yung
  • 00:28:10
    obligation You still have to pay the
  • 00:28:13
    creditor and if it is impossible to
  • 00:28:16
    recover no kailangan i-recover mo Iyung
  • 00:28:18
    payment doun sa kung kanino mo siya
  • 00:28:20
    binigay but if it's impossible to
  • 00:28:23
    recover What has paid then any loss
  • 00:28:27
    resulting there from shall be born by
  • 00:28:30
    the deceived detor So yung consequence n
  • 00:28:34
    talagang si Kay detor Siya talaga yung
  • 00:28:37
    magiging responsible for his own act so
  • 00:28:40
    dapat kung magbabayad kayo kung may mga
  • 00:28:42
    utang kayo You have to make sure na
  • 00:28:46
    ah right party yung pinagbigyan ninyo ng
  • 00:28:49
    payment for example ito this is lifted
  • 00:28:52
    from a real case Ayan So where the
  • 00:28:55
    charge invoice issued by x corporation x
  • 00:29:00
    corporation is the seller clearly states
  • 00:29:03
    that the buyer shall make all checks
  • 00:29:06
    payable to x corporation so malinaw sa
  • 00:29:09
    usapan nila na si buyer kailangan yung
  • 00:29:13
    check na iri-release niya is kay x
  • 00:29:17
    corporation only but the buyer issu
  • 00:29:21
    check payable to cash okay hindi siya
  • 00:29:24
    sumunod d sa napag-usapan and that check
  • 00:29:28
    was received by x sales representative
  • 00:29:31
    Okay may personality naman kasi ano siya
  • 00:29:34
    representative siya ni ex corporation '
  • 00:29:37
    ba pero inin cash nung representative na
  • 00:29:41
    Iyun Iyung check but did not remit the
  • 00:29:43
    money to x corporation then the Buyer's
  • 00:29:47
    obligation to pay the purchase price is
  • 00:29:49
    not
  • 00:29:50
    extinguished so magdo-double pay ka
  • 00:29:53
    ngayon kaya very important to make sure
  • 00:29:56
    na sa sa tamang tao yung bayad
  • 00:30:01
    Okay so again this is very clear in
  • 00:30:06
    article 12 may namention natin
  • 00:30:11
    kanina
  • 00:30:14
    1240
  • 00:30:18
    okay and aside from that article 1233
  • 00:30:23
    also states that a debt shall not be
  • 00:30:25
    understood to have been paid unless the
  • 00:30:28
    thing or service in which the obligation
  • 00:30:31
    consists has been completely delivered
  • 00:30:32
    or rendered as the case may be so ito
  • 00:30:35
    ung doon sa first discussion natin ' ba
  • 00:30:37
    legal basis ng payment or performance
  • 00:30:41
    Okay so hindi mo siya mako-consider
  • 00:30:44
    na bayad na No unless sa tamang tao ang
  • 00:30:50
    sa tamang tao naibigay ung payment
  • 00:30:52
    Otherwise the obligation will not be
  • 00:30:55
    extinguished so kaya dapat yung payment
  • 00:30:59
    again mai Render siya or mai-deliver
  • 00:31:00
    siya to the right party okay and it has
  • 00:31:04
    to be the payment or performance has to
  • 00:31:07
    be
  • 00:31:08
    complete Okay
  • 00:31:10
    therefore when when we talk about the
  • 00:31:13
    completeness no of the payment or
  • 00:31:18
    performance is considered
  • 00:31:21
    paid Through The integrity and identity
  • 00:31:24
    of the prestation an so when we say
  • 00:31:27
    integrity of the prestation Ah this
  • 00:31:30
    means that the prestation be fulfilled
  • 00:31:32
    completely so yun yung ibig sabihin ng
  • 00:31:35
    integrity of the prestation kailangan
  • 00:31:37
    the prestation be fulfilled completely
  • 00:31:40
    partial or irregular performance will
  • 00:31:43
    not produce extinguishment of an
  • 00:31:45
    obligation as a general
  • 00:31:50
    rule Okay so for example Yun nga very
  • 00:31:53
    simple si a bound himself to pay B
  • 00:31:56
    Php10,000
  • 00:31:58
    but a only pay php9,000 so si B cannot
  • 00:32:02
    be compelled no si creditor hindi siya
  • 00:32:04
    pwedeng
  • 00:32:05
    i-comment why Because it is
  • 00:32:07
    incomplete Okay so hindi pwedeng
  • 00:32:10
    pwersahin ni deor si creditor tanggapin
  • 00:32:12
    mo na 1,000 na lang naman kulang nito
  • 00:32:15
    pwedeng hindi yun i-accept ni creditor
  • 00:32:18
    Okay hindi mo siya pwedeng per Pero kung
  • 00:32:20
    i-accept niya then It's fine Pero kung
  • 00:32:22
    ayaw niya the debtor cannot compel the
  • 00:32:25
    creditor to accept it kasi ngaung
  • 00:32:27
    integrity of the prestation is not
  • 00:32:29
    satisfied okay and yun partial or
  • 00:32:33
    irregular performance will not produce
  • 00:32:35
    extinguishment of an obligation as a
  • 00:32:38
    general rule next is the identity of the
  • 00:32:41
    prestation this means that the very
  • 00:32:43
    prestation zo must be delivered or
  • 00:32:46
    performed So kung ano yung mismong
  • 00:32:47
    napag-usapan ng dalawang parties ni bor
  • 00:32:50
    at saka ni creditor especially kapag
  • 00:32:53
    specific yung obligation dapat yun yung
  • 00:32:55
    ma-deliver But there some exceptions to
  • 00:32:59
    this Ayan yung doon sa ano natin sa
  • 00:33:03
    integrity and um identity of the
  • 00:33:07
    prestation Okay so ito yyung ilan sa mga
  • 00:33:10
    example niya So if there is a
  • 00:33:12
    substantial performance in good Faith um
  • 00:33:16
    according to article 1234 so ang example
  • 00:33:20
    dito is ' ba sabi natin kanina sa
  • 00:33:22
    integrity kailangan complete siya Hindi
  • 00:33:24
    pwedeng partial lang siya So halimbawa
  • 00:33:27
    si a obliges himself to sell 1,000 bags
  • 00:33:31
    of cement to B for a certain price now
  • 00:33:36
    despite diligent effort of a a can only
  • 00:33:39
    deliver 900 bags due to shortage so
  • 00:33:43
    Iyung shortage na hindi naman talaga
  • 00:33:45
    control no kung saan-saan na siya
  • 00:33:47
    naghanap ng pwedeng mapagkuhanan ng
  • 00:33:49
    semento pero wala na talaga Hanggang 900
  • 00:33:52
    lang talaga yung kaya niyang ma-produce
  • 00:33:54
    so si a gusto niya namang
  • 00:33:58
    bags pero again Di niya talaga kaya the
  • 00:34:01
    reason is beyond is I mean the
  • 00:34:04
    circumstances is beyond his control so
  • 00:34:06
    he acted naman in good Faith so c
  • 00:34:10
    a pwede na niyang
  • 00:34:13
    i-recover yung payment kay B so hindi
  • 00:34:16
    rin pwedeng si B tatanggihan niya na
  • 00:34:19
    hindi deliver mo yung 1,000 bags so a
  • 00:34:22
    may recover as though there had been a
  • 00:34:24
    strick and complete fulfillment less
  • 00:34:28
    damages so hindi pwede na saka ko na yan
  • 00:34:31
    babayaran kapag nabuo mo na yung um
  • 00:34:34
    1,000 bugs of cement so hindi pwede so
  • 00:34:37
    therefore CB has to pay the 900 bags
  • 00:34:42
    less damages Okay kung dahil nga kulang
  • 00:34:46
    naman So pwede n ibawas doon So kung
  • 00:34:49
    magkano lang yung dapat na bayaran yung
  • 00:34:51
    900 plus damages So yun lang yung
  • 00:34:53
    babayaran ni B pero hindi niya pwedeng
  • 00:34:56
    hindi yun Gapit so therefore si B or si
  • 00:35:00
    creditor may ah will be compelled na
  • 00:35:04
    i-accept yung performance So that's one
  • 00:35:06
    of the Exception in article 1234 another
  • 00:35:11
    is the Uh when the oblige or the
  • 00:35:15
    creditor accepts the performance knowing
  • 00:35:18
    its incompleteness or irregularity And
  • 00:35:21
    without expressing any protest of
  • 00:35:24
    objection according to article 12:35 so
  • 00:35:28
    pag ganito yung case na nag-deliver si
  • 00:35:31
    detor ng dineliver na ni detor yung
  • 00:35:34
    thing that is Ju and pero doun sa
  • 00:35:38
    delivery niya parang merong irregularity
  • 00:35:40
    or incomplete yung item pero Tinanggap
  • 00:35:43
    pa rin ni creditor or ni
  • 00:35:46
    oblige so the implication is that si
  • 00:35:50
    creditor It's As if p-wave niya yung
  • 00:35:54
    right niya and by by doctrine of esten
  • 00:35:57
    di ba the principle of estel the law
  • 00:36:00
    will presume that the creditor is waving
  • 00:36:02
    his or her rights okay pag wala siyang
  • 00:36:19
    inexpressive Okay pero remember Dapat
  • 00:36:22
    alam ni creditor na incomplete and
  • 00:36:24
    irregular siya kasi pag hindi ' ba if
  • 00:36:27
    it's tainted with fraud for example so
  • 00:36:30
    napag-usapan natin doun sa doun sa isang
  • 00:36:32
    video na i-discuss ko yan na pwedeng
  • 00:36:35
    maging liable for damages pa rin si
  • 00:36:38
    detor so dito sa case na to kung
  • 00:36:40
    tinanggap niya then hindi na magiging
  • 00:36:43
    liable for damages si detor kasi nga
  • 00:36:46
    inaccept niya So it's As if inab niya
  • 00:36:48
    yyung rights niya So these are some of
  • 00:36:51
    the Exception doon sa UM requirement ng
  • 00:36:56
    article
  • 00:36:58
    12 33 na dapat yung obligation has been
  • 00:37:04
    completely delivered or rendered as the
  • 00:37:07
    case may be
  • 00:37:14
    okay
  • 00:37:17
    aan now if ever na hindi na kaya If ever
  • 00:37:22
    na hindi kayang i-fill ni Det yung
  • 00:37:24
    original PR station na pag-usapan nila
  • 00:37:26
    question Pwede bang palitan ung
  • 00:37:28
    prestation the answer is Yes Okay tawag
  • 00:37:32
    natin diyan is ah ung mode na yan tawag
  • 00:37:35
    natin diyan yung sub substitution na yan
  • 00:37:38
    Okay so substitution can be made if the
  • 00:37:41
    oblige you consent so sabi natin ' ba
  • 00:37:43
    doun sa mga determina thing before kung
  • 00:37:45
    ano yung napag-usapan dapat yun yung
  • 00:37:46
    i-deliver Pero kung pumayag naman si
  • 00:37:49
    creditor na mapalitan siya then Okay
  • 00:37:51
    lang So long as there is a consent from
  • 00:37:54
    the oblige so substitution is allowed so
  • 00:37:57
    meaning to say pag sinabi nating
  • 00:37:59
    substitution the deor is given the right
  • 00:38:01
    to Render another prestation in
  • 00:38:05
    substitution
  • 00:38:08
    and yung isa sa mga mode ng substitution
  • 00:38:11
    is what we call and payment or and pago
标签
  • Extinguishment of Obligation
  • Civil Code
  • Payment
  • Creditor
  • Debtor
  • Subrogation
  • Donation
  • Performance
  • Compensation
  • Novation