Gerunds and Infinitives.wmv

00:11:40
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYBZkPIcG50

摘要

TLDRThis educational video by Perfect English Grammar explains the use of gerunds and infinitives in English. A gerund is the verb's -ing form acting as a noun, used after specific verbs, in place of nouns, and after prepositions. The 'to + infinitive' form follows certain verbs, adjectives and indicates purpose. Some verbs accept both forms, sometimes with differing meanings. The bare infinitive follows modal verbs like 'can', 'must', and also appears after 'let', 'make', and some perception verbs. Expressions with 'why' also use it. The video provides examples, different usage contexts, and guides where detailed lists can be accessed. It helps distinguish when and why each form should be used, enhancing grammatical accuracy in English communication.

心得

  • 🔤 Understanding gerunds and infinitives is crucial for mastering English grammar.
  • 📝 A gerund is a verb form ending in -ing that functions as a noun.
  • 🔄 Certain verbs, prepositions, and phrasal verbs are followed by gerunds.
  • 📜 The 'to + infinitive' structure is used after specific verbs, adjectives, and to show purpose.
  • 💡 Some verbs accept both gerunds and 'to + infinitive' with little or no change in meaning.
  • ❗ Other verbs require gerunds or 'to + infinitive' to convey different meanings.
  • 🔍 The bare infinitive is used after modal verbs, and verbs like 'let' and 'make'.
  • 👁️ Verbs of perception use the bare infinitive or gerund, affecting the perception of time and completeness of the action.
  • ❓ Expressions with 'why' often use the bare infinitive.
  • 🌐 For more comprehensive lists, visit perfectenglishgrammar.com.

时间轴

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The video introduces the concept of gerunds and infinitives, focusing on their different uses. A gerund is the '-ing' form of a verb, used after certain verbs and prepositions, functioning similarly to a noun. Examples provided include using gerunds after verbs like 'enjoy', 'avoid', and 'suggest'. The video also explains the use of gerunds instead of nouns and after prepositions, providing examples like 'smoking isn't allowed here' and 'before leaving'. Moreover, gerunds are utilized in phrasal verbs, such as 'gave up smoking'.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:11:40

    The video shifts focus to the usage of 'to + infinitive', explaining it is used after specific verbs, many adjectives, and to show purpose. Examples of verbs include 'decided to leave' and 'agreed to give'. It discusses adjectives like 'happy to see you'. The video highlights when 'to + infinitive' shows purpose, as in 'I came to study'. It compares verbs that use both gerunds and infinitives without changing meaning, such as 'started to rain' and 'started raining', alongside verbs where the form alters meaning, detailing 'stop' as an example. Finally, it touches on the bare infinitive used after modal verbs, with 'let', 'make', 'help', and perceptual verbs, contrasting full and partial actions in sentences like 'saw her cross' versus 'saw her crossing'.

思维导图

Mind Map

视频问答

  • What is a gerund?

    A gerund is the -ing form of a verb that functions as a noun.

  • When do you use the 'to + infinitive' form?

    The 'to + infinitive' is used after certain verbs, adjectives, and to indicate purpose.

  • Can a verb take both gerund and 'to + infinitive'?

    Yes, some verbs can take both with little or no change in meaning, while others change the meaning significantly.

  • What is the meaning change between using gerunds and infinitives?

    Using gerunds and infinitives alter the meaning by focusing on different aspects of an action or intention.

  • What are examples of verbs followed by gerunds?

    Examples include enjoy, suggest, and avoid.

  • What are modal verbs, and what form do they follow?

    Modal verbs, such as can, must, should, are followed by the bare infinitive.

  • What is the bare infinitive?

    The bare infinitive is the base form of a verb, used without 'to', particularly after modal verbs.

  • How do verbs of perception use gerunds and infinitives?

    They can use either form: gerunds suggest partial action while infinitives suggest full action.

  • Where can I find more information on gerunds and infinitives?

    Visit perfectenglishgrammar.com for more details and exercises.

  • Are there differences in meaning with 'try + gerund' and 'try + infinitive'?

    Yes, 'try + gerund' refers to attempting an action to see its effect, while 'try + infinitive' means making an effort to do something but perhaps failing.

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  • 00:00:00
    hello and welcome to this gern's and
  • 00:00:02
    infinitives video from perfect
  • 00:00:04
    englishgrammar
  • 00:00:05
    tocom this video has three parts first
  • 00:00:09
    we'll look at gern second we'll look at
  • 00:00:11
    two plus infinitive and third we'll look
  • 00:00:14
    at the bare infinitive gerand a gerand
  • 00:00:19
    is the ing form of the verb for example
  • 00:00:23
    playing running going
  • 00:00:26
    being we use a gerand after certain V
  • 00:00:30
    verbs instead of a noun after
  • 00:00:35
    prepositions let's look at after certain
  • 00:00:37
    verbs for example the sentence I enjoy
  • 00:00:41
    reading the first verb is enjoy you can
  • 00:00:45
    use any normal tense for
  • 00:00:48
    example I'm enjoying reading he enjoyed
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    reading they were enjoying
  • 00:00:54
    reading she has enjoyed reading you'll
  • 00:00:57
    enjoy reading we've been enjoying
  • 00:00:59
    reading
  • 00:01:00
    after enjoy the second verb is always in
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    the gerand here are more verbs that take
  • 00:01:07
    the gerand fancy I fancy seeing a film
  • 00:01:11
    tonight discuss we discussed going on
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    holiday together dislike I dislike
  • 00:01:18
    waiting for buses finish we finished
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    preparing for the meeting mind I don't
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    mind coming
  • 00:01:27
    early suggest he suggested staying at
  • 00:01:31
    the Grand Hotel recommend they
  • 00:01:34
    recommended meeting earlier keep he kept
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    working although he felt ill avoid she
  • 00:01:42
    avoided talking to her
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    boss another way we use a gerand is
  • 00:01:49
    instead of a noun for example smoking
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    isn't allowed here swimming is very good
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    exercise a third way we use a gerand is
  • 00:02:01
    after
  • 00:02:02
    prepositions I drank a cup of coffee
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    before leaving it's a good idea to brush
  • 00:02:07
    your teeth after
  • 00:02:09
    eating we also use the gerand after the
  • 00:02:12
    preposition in phrasal verbs for example
  • 00:02:16
    I gave up smoking two plus infinitive we
  • 00:02:21
    use two plus
  • 00:02:23
    infinitive after certain verbs after
  • 00:02:26
    many
  • 00:02:27
    adjectives to show purpose
  • 00:02:32
    let's look at after certain verbs it's
  • 00:02:35
    the same as with the gerand for example
  • 00:02:38
    let's look at the sentence he decided to
  • 00:02:41
    leave early the first verb decide can be
  • 00:02:45
    in any tense the second verb after
  • 00:02:48
    decide is always with to and the
  • 00:02:51
    infinitive here are some more verbs that
  • 00:02:54
    take two plus infinitive agree she
  • 00:02:58
    agreed to give a presentation at the
  • 00:03:00
    meeting ask she asked to leave early
  • 00:03:04
    some verbs can take an object before the
  • 00:03:06
    two so we can choose to say she asked
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    him to leave early as well help he
  • 00:03:13
    helped to clean the kitchen plan she
  • 00:03:17
    plans to buy a new flat next year hope I
  • 00:03:21
    hope to pass the exam learn they are
  • 00:03:25
    learning to sing want I want to come to
  • 00:03:29
    the party would like I would like to see
  • 00:03:32
    her
  • 00:03:33
    tonight promise we promised not to be
  • 00:03:38
    late notice that we make a negative by
  • 00:03:41
    putting not before to and infinitive
  • 00:03:45
    pleased she's pleased to have a new
  • 00:03:49
    job we use two plus infinitive after
  • 00:03:53
    many
  • 00:03:54
    adjectives for example happy I'm happy
  • 00:03:57
    to see you right
  • 00:04:00
    she was right to leave early wrong they
  • 00:04:04
    were wrong to spend so much money
  • 00:04:06
    careful the teacher was careful to speak
  • 00:04:09
    clearly lucky he was lucky to survive
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    the crash likely it's likely to snow
  • 00:04:18
    tonight we use two plus infinitive to
  • 00:04:21
    show purpose we often use two plus
  • 00:04:25
    infinitive to say why we do something I
  • 00:04:28
    came to London to
  • 00:04:30
    study this means I came to London
  • 00:04:33
    because I wanted to study here's another
  • 00:04:36
    example I went home to have lunch be
  • 00:04:40
    careful I went home for have lunch is
  • 00:04:43
    not
  • 00:04:45
    correct some verbs can take either the
  • 00:04:48
    gerand or 2 plus infinitive with no
  • 00:04:50
    change in meaning for example it started
  • 00:04:54
    to rain means the same thing as it
  • 00:04:56
    started
  • 00:04:57
    raining here are some more verb like
  • 00:05:00
    this continue I continued to work I
  • 00:05:04
    continued working begin she began to
  • 00:05:08
    sing she began
  • 00:05:10
    singing prefer I prefer eating at home I
  • 00:05:15
    prefer to eat at home on the other hand
  • 00:05:18
    some verbs can take either the gerand or
  • 00:05:21
    two plus infinitive but there is a big
  • 00:05:24
    change in
  • 00:05:26
    meaning for example stop stop Plus jand
  • 00:05:30
    is used when the thing that you stop is
  • 00:05:32
    the second verb stop plus 2 plus
  • 00:05:36
    infinitive is used when you stop
  • 00:05:38
    something else in order to do the verb
  • 00:05:41
    let's look at an example stop with Geren
  • 00:05:44
    I stopped working he stopped smoking she
  • 00:05:48
    stopped studying in all these cases the
  • 00:05:51
    person stops doing the verb so in the
  • 00:05:54
    first example working is the thing that
  • 00:05:57
    I stopped on the other hand when we use
  • 00:06:00
    stop plus two plus infinitive for
  • 00:06:03
    example I stop to have lunch this means
  • 00:06:07
    that I stop doing something else perhaps
  • 00:06:09
    working because I wanted to have
  • 00:06:13
    lunch
  • 00:06:14
    remember we use remember plus the gerand
  • 00:06:18
    about memories of the past and we use
  • 00:06:21
    remember plus two plus infinitive when
  • 00:06:24
    someone has to remember something that
  • 00:06:26
    they have to do for example remember
  • 00:06:29
    plus gerand he remembers going to the
  • 00:06:32
    seaside when he was six this means he
  • 00:06:35
    has the memory in his head he can watch
  • 00:06:37
    it like a movie on the other hand
  • 00:06:40
    remember two plus infinitive please
  • 00:06:43
    remember to buy milk this means that the
  • 00:06:45
    person needs to have a thought about
  • 00:06:47
    milk when he passes the shop here's
  • 00:06:50
    another example I remember locking the
  • 00:06:52
    door this means I can see myself doing
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    this in my
  • 00:06:56
    head I remembered to bring you a book
  • 00:07:00
    before I left my house I had a thought
  • 00:07:02
    about your book and so I put it in my
  • 00:07:06
    bag we use try plus two plus infinitive
  • 00:07:10
    when we don't succeed in doing the verb
  • 00:07:14
    and we use try plus jand when we do the
  • 00:07:17
    verb but it doesn't help us in some
  • 00:07:20
    other
  • 00:07:21
    goal let's look at an example with try
  • 00:07:24
    plus two plus infinitive I tried to open
  • 00:07:27
    the window but it was too heavy
  • 00:07:30
    this means I didn't succeed in opening
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    the window I wanted to open the window
  • 00:07:34
    but I
  • 00:07:36
    couldn't on the other hand when we use
  • 00:07:38
    try and the gerand for example I tried
  • 00:07:42
    opening the window but the room was
  • 00:07:44
    still too hot this means that I opened
  • 00:07:47
    the window
  • 00:07:48
    easily as an experiment to see if it
  • 00:07:50
    would make the room cooler but it didn't
  • 00:07:52
    work I didn't succeed in my goal of
  • 00:07:55
    making the room
  • 00:07:58
    cooler let's look at another example I
  • 00:08:01
    tried to eat salad every day but I
  • 00:08:04
    couldn't I often chose Pizza instead
  • 00:08:07
    this person wanted to eat salad eating
  • 00:08:10
    salad is the goal but he didn't succeed
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    the pizza looked too
  • 00:08:14
    delicious on the other hand with the
  • 00:08:17
    gerand for example I tried eating salad
  • 00:08:20
    every day but I didn't lose any weight
  • 00:08:22
    the person ate salad every day it was
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    easy but it didn't help him lose weight
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    losing weight is the goal
  • 00:08:30
    here for a complete list of these verbs
  • 00:08:33
    go to perfect englishgrammar
  • 00:08:38
    docomo bare
  • 00:08:39
    infinitive we use the bare infinitive
  • 00:08:43
    after modal verbs after let make and
  • 00:08:48
    help after some verbs of
  • 00:08:50
    perception after expressions with
  • 00:08:54
    why we use the bare infinitive after
  • 00:08:57
    modal verbs
  • 00:08:59
    the modal verbs are can could will would
  • 00:09:05
    May might shall should and must here are
  • 00:09:11
    some
  • 00:09:12
    examples she can speak great English we
  • 00:09:16
    could go to the
  • 00:09:17
    cinema they will be
  • 00:09:19
    late I would like a new
  • 00:09:22
    laptop it may rain at the weekend I
  • 00:09:25
    might be late home today shall we meet
  • 00:09:28
    at eight
  • 00:09:29
    he really should study more you must try
  • 00:09:33
    the new restaurant there's one exception
  • 00:09:36
    art which takes two plus infinitive I
  • 00:09:40
    ought to visit my
  • 00:09:42
    granny we use the bare infinitive after
  • 00:09:45
    let make and help let let's go let John
  • 00:09:51
    do it let is always followed by an
  • 00:09:54
    object and the bare infinitive make
  • 00:09:58
    Julie made John cry the teacher made us
  • 00:10:01
    write an essay the music made him want
  • 00:10:04
    to
  • 00:10:05
    dance but be careful in the passive make
  • 00:10:10
    takes two plus infinitive he was made to
  • 00:10:13
    open his case help help sometimes takes
  • 00:10:17
    two plus infinitive and sometimes takes
  • 00:10:19
    the bare infinitive there's no
  • 00:10:21
    difference in meaning so you can say I
  • 00:10:24
    helped her to carry it or I helped her
  • 00:10:27
    carry it both are f
  • 00:10:31
    time we use the bare infinitive after
  • 00:10:34
    some verbs of
  • 00:10:35
    perception we can use either the bare
  • 00:10:38
    infinitive or the gerand with many verbs
  • 00:10:40
    of perception the meaning is slightly
  • 00:10:43
    different depending on which one we
  • 00:10:45
    choose let's take c as an
  • 00:10:48
    example I saw her cross the road this
  • 00:10:52
    means I saw the whole action from start
  • 00:10:55
    to finish on the other hand I saw her
  • 00:10:58
    crossing the Road this means I saw part
  • 00:11:01
    of the action not the whole thing other
  • 00:11:05
    similar verbs include watch hear feel
  • 00:11:10
    and
  • 00:11:12
    sense we use the bare infinitive after
  • 00:11:15
    expressions with why for example why go
  • 00:11:19
    home early why study English why not
  • 00:11:23
    live in London for more information and
  • 00:11:26
    exercises about gerns and infinitives
  • 00:11:29
    pleas please go to perfect
  • 00:11:31
    englishgrammar
  • 00:11:32
    tocom slgn and infinitives thanks for
  • 00:11:36
    watching
标签
  • Gerunds
  • Infinitives
  • English Grammar
  • Verbs
  • Bare Infinitive
  • Perfect English Grammar
  • Language Learning
  • Grammar Rules