00:00:04
east-west the two directions that
00:00:10
indicate the boundary between life and
00:00:12
death for the Egyptian civilization
00:00:21
the Nile was the source of the life and
00:00:24
also it was the source of the life for
00:00:27
the ancient Egyptians
00:00:28
[Music]
00:00:35
a magical place where history has put
00:00:38
its foundations where the gods and their
00:00:42
human incarnations the Pharaohs have
00:00:44
been adored and venerated 3,000 years
00:00:48
concentrated in an area of over 5,000
00:00:52
square kilometers the cult of Armin the
00:00:55
invisible god foundation apogee and
00:00:59
decadence of the biggest and most
00:01:01
majestic temples of human civilization
00:01:05
Karnak and Luxor come to the chosen
00:01:09
place if it suits as the ancient
00:01:12
Egyptians called the temple of karnak a
00:01:18
long course of water separating the
00:01:21
living of the dead
00:01:23
the Nile flowing from south to north
00:01:26
determined for Egypt the ancient general
00:01:30
axis of the earth
00:01:33
the course of the sun from east to west
00:01:36
cross the terrestrial line and defined
00:01:39
in this way the divine universe
00:01:41
[Music]
00:01:44
raaah the son was considered the
00:01:47
essential manifestation of the creative
00:01:50
energy of life according to the Egyptian
00:01:54
tradition the West Bank where the Sun
00:01:56
sets is the place for the night levy
00:01:59
generation of raha there the Egyptians
00:02:03
built their necropolis
00:02:07
vice-versa the eastern bank of the river
00:02:10
the area where the Sun rises is the
00:02:13
suitable place for welcoming human
00:02:15
activity
00:02:17
and the great places for cult exactly on
00:02:21
this bank of the river in the area
00:02:24
bordering Thebes the Egyptians built the
00:02:27
terrestrial fulcrum of the creative
00:02:29
energy the sanctuary of Karnak the
00:02:34
ancient Egyptians connected the West
00:02:36
with the dead but with the death because
00:02:39
they saw the sunrise rising from the
00:02:42
east and it goes to be its end and the
00:02:49
West so they bought their tombs in the
00:02:53
West and everything connecting with
00:02:55
their daily life especially the religion
00:02:57
it should be to the east
00:03:04
[Music]
00:03:07
the city of 100 gates Homer baptized
00:03:12
Thebes in this way in part of the Iliad
00:03:15
probably influenced by the majesty of
00:03:18
its temples al Carnac fortified village
00:03:24
the present name of the temple derives
00:03:26
from an archaic Arabic phrase in effect
00:03:29
the complex of Karnak with its majestic
00:03:32
towers and its massive walls must seem a
00:03:35
real and proper fortress to the eyes of
00:03:37
the Arabs and the visitors in general
00:03:41
phoebs the apex of its splendor was the
00:03:45
center of the economic and religious
00:03:47
power of Egypt with the rise of the 18th
00:03:50
dynasty Thebes became the capital of
00:03:53
Egypt and Carnac the religious epicenter
00:03:56
of the country the temple of Arman alone
00:03:59
possessed over 230,000 hectares the men
00:04:03
at the service of the temple were more
00:04:05
than 80,000 a real and proper auto
00:04:09
sufficient world in which the pharaohs
00:04:11
over the centuries wanted to leave their
00:04:14
own mark adding holes and monuments
00:04:18
correct temple is not really one temple
00:04:22
its temples built from the time of them
00:04:25
in the kingdom even with evidence of the
00:04:27
whole kingdom but the main construction
00:04:29
we have from Jesus to reach the first
00:04:31
from dynasty 12 the Middle Kingdom more
00:04:35
than 3,800 years ago Karnak temple is
00:04:39
the one of the largest temples ever
00:04:41
built in Egypt
00:04:43
it took you by more than two hundred two
00:04:45
acres and it has different temples the
00:04:49
main temple was which was dedicated to
00:04:51
the God
00:04:52
amaura which behind us here this is the
00:04:54
main temple which was built for the main
00:04:57
god of Thebes
00:05:01
[Music]
00:05:03
the Temple of Karnak is dedicated to
00:05:06
three divinities armin roth the king of
00:05:09
all the gods moved his wife and consu
00:05:14
their young son together the three
00:05:18
divinities form the Theban triad
00:05:25
this is a small temple of ramses the
00:05:27
third that lies within the great
00:05:29
precinct of amun-re at karnak almond ray
00:05:32
was the greatest of the Egyptian gods
00:05:34
from the New Kingdom on Amun was
00:05:37
worshipped here with his consort moot
00:05:40
and their son Khonsu moot was a mother
00:05:44
goddess
00:05:45
her name was written with the sign of a
00:05:46
vulture and actually an ancient Egyptian
00:05:49
this is the word for mother Khonsu was a
00:05:52
lunar God who was principally
00:05:54
responsible for keeping track of time
00:05:56
with the god of wisdom Toth the
00:06:04
principal nucleus of Karnak is the
00:06:06
temple of Amun the structure of the
00:06:09
temple divides into two parts the first
00:06:12
follows the east-west axis each of these
00:06:16
parts is overlooked by towers that
00:06:19
delimit the access to courtyards and
00:06:21
rooms the second part of the structure
00:06:24
is aligned with the north-south axis
00:06:27
from these directions the temple
00:06:30
continues through a series of four
00:06:32
towers called the proper layer of the
00:06:35
south in an avenue of sphinxes towards
00:06:38
the boundary of the temple of lords
00:06:49
the original nucleus of the temple is
00:06:52
that bounded by the four towers and the
00:06:54
rule of the feasts or at manor
00:07:00
the sanctuary is a temple made up of
00:07:03
chambers with a telescopic structure
00:07:05
that narrows gradually in order to focus
00:07:07
the attention on the statue of Armin
00:07:14
the meaning of the entire complex to be
00:07:16
a temples for the gut am the
00:07:19
interception cold distant bells burn
00:07:21
Armand and Ira Griffiths means the land
00:07:24
or the place of Amman and they called it
00:07:27
also Abbot suit meant that chosen place
00:07:31
this is actually that shows in place of
00:07:33
the guitar
00:07:35
thou art a la mode of the silence who
00:07:40
cometh to the cry of the humble I
00:07:42
implore thee because I am sick and
00:07:46
already thou came and saved me
00:07:50
thou who giveth breath to whom is
00:07:52
without save me who is in desperation
00:07:56
the art Armand rah Lord of Thebes
00:08:02
the fortune of Arman and the role of
00:08:04
divine leader of the Egyptian Pantheon
00:08:07
coincides with the ascent of the people
00:08:10
of Thebes originally Arman was a
00:08:13
little-known primordial God it was the
00:08:16
theologians of the Middle Kingdom who
00:08:19
attributed to him a new significance
00:08:21
Armin the invisible the hidden the
00:08:24
transcendent God kings of the gods in
00:08:28
parallel with the expansionist policy of
00:08:31
the sovereigns of the 18th dynasty Arman
00:08:33
became the gatherer of immense economic
00:08:36
fortunes
00:08:38
[Music]
00:08:40
the power of the priests that
00:08:42
administered the cult grew
00:08:46
from warrior God - cosmic God through
00:08:49
fusion with the Sun God rah
00:08:52
[Music]
00:08:53
Armon the invisible and Roth the God who
00:08:57
regulated the seasons became a single
00:08:59
God
00:09:02
here their appearance of a mall where
00:09:05
the tongue inside is in shape and also
00:09:08
during the night there was the
00:09:09
appearance of console console came his
00:09:12
name came from tennis and tennis means
00:09:14
the crossing of the sky during the night
00:09:18
in the century one sees a gradual
00:09:21
reduction of the luminosity from the
00:09:24
full light of the courtyard to the
00:09:26
obscurity of the cell the extreme point
00:09:29
of the world in which heaven and earth
00:09:30
are united at dawn and in the darkness
00:09:33
of Twilight but it is in the
00:09:37
intermediate place that the maximum
00:09:39
tension between light and darkness is
00:09:41
expressed the hippest aisle hole we are
00:09:45
the most important place
00:09:48
the hippo style hall and the Temple of
00:09:51
Karnak I like to come here all the time
00:09:55
when I look at the pillars the great
00:09:59
planners I feel like a Duluth this hippo
00:10:04
style wall first built by the
00:10:07
grandfather of prompted the second comes
00:10:10
it the first and his father said to the
00:10:13
Pharisees and one says the second are
00:10:16
finished this it was spiteful
00:10:18
it's like 134 huge pillars and about 14
00:10:24
rows the great hippo style atrium was
00:10:31
created by the will of a men who tapped
00:10:33
the third the central colonnade is
00:10:36
flanked by 122 columns of smaller
00:10:39
proportions the difference in height
00:10:42
created between the central nave and the
00:10:44
two aisles illuminated by the play of
00:10:47
light of the windows in openwork
00:10:49
calcareous stone assumes a strong
00:10:51
symbolic characteristic the light
00:10:54
divides into two zones the huge capitals
00:10:57
leaving the lower part in the shade so
00:11:00
giving the impression of an even greater
00:11:02
height the psychological intent of this
00:11:07
complex is to provoke a kind of anxiety
00:11:10
with respect to the divinity then you
00:11:14
can imagine that this bieber-style whole
00:11:18
was ruined was only a slides of open
00:11:23
place to give light it was incredible
00:11:26
you can imagine if you close your eyes
00:11:29
with me you can imagine the past if you
00:11:33
close the same style hole with a roof
00:11:35
and you come to this place
00:11:37
your heart will tremble your heart will
00:11:42
tremble of magic
00:11:46
that of the temple of karnak is one of
00:11:48
the largest and arduous hipa style halls
00:11:51
ever constructed
00:11:53
[Music]
00:11:54
it's construction involved the rains of
00:11:57
many sovereigns up to the dynasty of
00:11:59
Ramses in particular SETI the first and
00:12:02
Ramses the second the 134 columns
00:12:07
represent sheaves of hi Priory the
00:12:12
effect of the repetition in the
00:12:14
originals was accentuated by the lively
00:12:17
multi coloring that should have
00:12:18
contributed in facilitating the osmosis
00:12:21
between building and nature the 12
00:12:25
central columns of the central nave 22
00:12:28
metres high
00:12:28
including the abacus terminate with a
00:12:31
capital as an open papyrus flower while
00:12:34
the 122 aisles 18 metres high of a
00:12:38
capital with a closed bar
00:12:42
the alignment of the central nave of the
00:12:45
main hall of the temple underlines the
00:12:47
function of a passage to the sanctuary
00:12:50
another axis perpendicular to the first
00:12:53
divides the space in halves and through
00:12:56
the two side doors puts the hall in
00:12:59
communication with the temple of mut
00:13:05
if the world is chaos the temple is the
00:13:09
center in which the order of things is
00:13:11
ensured in order to do this the
00:13:14
protection of God must be guaranteed
00:13:16
feeding him dressing him praying to him
00:13:20
by taking care of his image the priests
00:13:23
in reality ensure the continuity of the
00:13:26
cosmic order I'm standing in front of
00:13:29
the sacred lake in the complex of Amun
00:13:32
RA at Karnak according to the Egyptian
00:13:34
creation myths the world before creation
00:13:37
was filled with darkness and water and
00:13:39
this lake is actually a symbolic
00:13:41
representation within the whole complex
00:13:45
which represents the cosmos as a whole
00:13:47
of the primeval waters from which
00:13:49
creation occurred it was also very
00:13:52
important in the life of the temple many
00:13:54
many Egyptologists believe that the
00:13:56
priests would come here at dawn to do
00:13:59
their ritual ablutions to bathe before
00:14:01
they went to do their carry out their
00:14:03
daily activities in the temple
00:14:07
the rights within the temple were
00:14:09
determined by the position of the Sun
00:14:11
and included three phases dawn midday
00:14:15
and sunset before dawn the priests
00:14:19
washed themselves in the sacred lake
00:14:21
purifying the body later they opened a
00:14:25
tabernacle and after having uncovered
00:14:27
the face of God by offering it to the
00:14:30
light they chanted the morning prayer
00:14:36
the fusion between God and light
00:14:39
culminated at midday with the sunlight
00:14:41
the statue of God was carried to a
00:14:44
ruthless chamber placed on the top of
00:14:47
the temple and he received the
00:14:49
regenerating embrace of the Sun
00:14:52
[Music]
00:14:54
at carlac this right took place probably
00:14:58
in one of the rooms of the Act Manor
00:15:00
which is accessed now by means of a
00:15:03
stairway that starts from the southeast
00:15:05
corner of the room
00:15:08
it is a separate building which took
00:15:11
mozi the third built
00:15:14
it's heart is a hole with the basilican
00:15:17
structure developed in about 40 meters
00:15:20
five aisles and the nave raised resting
00:15:23
on stone columns
00:15:28
an innovative structure for that time
00:15:30
Julie studied for the Jubilee feast the
00:15:33
feast of said the renewal of the Royal
00:15:36
power of the Pharaoh that it is an area
00:15:43
made for the celebration of the king is
00:15:45
proved by the list of the sovereigns set
00:15:48
of the entrance the decorations of the
00:15:50
two chapels situated at the north and
00:15:52
the sunlight room
00:15:54
[Music]
00:16:03
to enter in this environment meant being
00:16:06
initiated to the cult of Armand and his
00:16:09
human incarnation the king
00:16:11
[Music]
00:16:16
the same access to the Centurion through
00:16:18
a passage 85 centimeters higher with
00:16:21
respect to the difference in level of
00:16:23
the floor adds to the mysterious
00:16:25
significance of the cult
00:16:28
having entered the sanctuary one is
00:16:31
confronted with a complex in which the
00:16:33
so-called Botanical Garden stands out
00:16:35
[Music]
00:16:38
low reliefs that show plants fruits and
00:16:41
exotic animals that took Mersey the
00:16:43
third had found in the 25th year of his
00:16:45
reign in the country of retinol the four
00:16:49
fasiq old columns are instead the
00:16:52
symbolic representation of the cardinal
00:16:54
points the entire world represented in
00:16:57
front of its Demiurge arm and ron whose
00:17:00
secret Chapel can be noticed between the
00:17:02
two central columns in the dichotomy
00:17:05
between light and darkness almond Roth
00:17:08
found his counter attraction in consu
00:17:11
the moon-god also was the son of the god
00:17:16
Amun a moat and here inside this complex
00:17:19
they built an isolated temple to this
00:17:22
gut this temple built to be begun during
00:17:26
rough seas the third and it continued to
00:17:28
be built until the end of the Tillamook
00:17:31
below the sanctuary dedicated to console
00:17:37
was built by a man who tapped the third
00:17:39
probably by enlarging a pre-existing
00:17:42
channel
00:17:43
[Music]
00:17:48
the temple is made up of a courtyard
00:17:50
surrounded on three sides by a portico
00:17:53
which has two lines of papyrus shaped
00:17:55
columns with capitals as closed buds
00:17:58
[Music]
00:18:01
there follows the hippo style atrium
00:18:03
illuminated by cloistered windows then
00:18:06
two vestibules and some side rooms
00:18:09
destined to daily rites from a stairway
00:18:12
the roof can be reached here the priests
00:18:15
observed the sky in the stars in order
00:18:17
to fix the dais for the rights of the
00:18:20
liturgical calendar consuit was
00:18:23
considered a lunar God being the
00:18:25
extension of the fundamental light that
00:18:27
at night of the moon the planets and the
00:18:30
stars
00:18:36
also in the nearby temple of a pet the
00:18:39
birth of the primordial light was
00:18:41
celebrated Oh pet the Divine Mother the
00:18:45
hippopotamus goddess in charge of births
00:18:48
is the recipient of this remarkable
00:18:50
building constructed with some blocks my
00:18:53
tooth mozi the third and the men who
00:18:55
took the second and finished in the
00:18:57
epoch of Ptolemy we found and the
00:19:01
Foundation's here that the architects
00:19:03
who built this temple recycled many
00:19:06
props from the product tiles and they
00:19:07
used this blocks aside the construction
00:19:10
of this temple also we found a lot of
00:19:12
statues and the foundation of the temple
00:19:14
with her on some staircases they slept
00:19:17
or maybe to the Middle Kingdom
00:19:19
indicating that this temple the
00:19:21
foundation of earth began during the
00:19:23
Middle Kingdom was the core of the
00:19:24
Carnac temples and the during the
00:19:27
Ptolemaic period they began to do a
00:19:28
renovation for the temple and they
00:19:30
destroyed what was found here before and
00:19:33
they built this new temple which is
00:19:35
unique with HD release reliefs and it's
00:19:38
descriptions
00:19:40
[Music]
00:19:43
the temple is composed of a vestibule
00:19:45
and about 12 rooms dedicated to
00:19:48
mysterious cults
00:19:53
a team of restorers of the franco
00:19:56
egyptian studies of the temples of Luxor
00:19:59
and Karnak is working on the restoration
00:20:01
of the reliefs on the walls of the
00:20:03
temple
00:20:05
[Music]
00:20:07
we are here in the in the North room of
00:20:10
a pet of the temple of a pet where we
00:20:15
came to work maybe two years ago we
00:20:22
begin by this by this room because of
00:20:24
because maybe it's more symbolic than
00:20:28
the other rooms it's it's representing
00:20:32
the actually the the resurrection of the
00:20:36
series that you see there this man lying
00:20:41
on his bed which he which is going to
00:20:44
make a child to to Easy's and the next
00:20:48
room in front we will represent the the
00:20:53
childhood of always Horus the child of a
00:20:56
Saracen is
00:21:01
in a year of work the restorers have
00:21:03
cleaned the paintings in the north room
00:21:05
of the temple and have renewed the
00:21:07
floors of the five principal chambers as
00:21:10
well as making secure the walls and the
00:21:12
main tower
00:21:18
the work was in two part the clean work
00:21:24
first part was made with with clinical
00:21:29
team and the second part was made with
00:21:33
with mechanical cleaning the tinkling
00:21:36
was made with compresses with carbonate
00:21:39
ammonium and methyl cellulose melted
00:21:43
melted and mechanical part is made with
00:21:48
mokou-san blaster now you see the
00:21:51
difference you can see some witnesses of
00:21:56
the first state of the walls which were
00:22:00
really black like on the ceiling and on
00:22:04
this part of the wall here
00:22:06
[Music]
00:22:17
the whole area of the temple of Carnac
00:22:20
really is crowded with many religious
00:22:22
buildings
00:22:30
apart from the enclosure of Mantua and
00:22:33
mut of which today very little remains
00:22:35
in the western area there is the temple
00:22:38
of tar but Mersey the third had built
00:22:41
[Music]
00:22:46
the sanctuary is divided into three
00:22:48
chapels decorated with reliefs of the
00:22:51
Pharaoh the central one is dedicated to
00:22:54
thar king of the earth the one on the
00:22:57
right to the goddess lioness segment
00:23:00
wife of Tom
00:23:04
the lost chapel served for crowning the
00:23:07
sovereign
00:23:11
always in the same area there is a
00:23:13
temple dedicated to a cyrus heck jet
00:23:16
governor of eternity
00:23:19
[Music]
00:23:23
we are here in the most one of the most
00:23:27
sacred places inside the enclosure
00:23:29
temple of Amara temple here we are in
00:23:33
the Chapel of the god Osiris wreckage it
00:23:36
means they got Osiris the ruler of the
00:23:39
Eternity this chapel was begun to be
00:23:41
built during the 25th dynasty and you
00:23:44
can see one of the most important scenes
00:23:46
here the goddess wife Arman Reedus
00:23:50
offering the two bulls which we call it
00:23:54
in Egyptology the new balls to the god
00:23:57
Amun and again parallel to this scene
00:23:59
another scene for the god Amun here was
00:24:02
his famous tooth long feathers down of
00:24:04
this you can see the same Queen offering
00:24:06
the two system the two system to the god
00:24:09
Amun and behind us here one of the most
00:24:14
important architectural symbols in the
00:24:17
ancient Egyptian religion is the eternal
00:24:20
gates for the god Osiris the symbol of
00:24:22
Gautreau's as you can see it's seven
00:24:23
gates
00:24:24
the ancient Egyptians represented in
00:24:26
this chapel to enter in the temple of
00:24:30
karnak is equivalent to making the
00:24:33
journey backwards in time
00:24:40
on the contrary to what one might think
00:24:43
the Western group of buildings that
00:24:45
which from the HIPAA style Hall leads to
00:24:48
the entrance is more recent
00:24:53
in fact the space between the third
00:24:56
tower goes by a minute after third and
00:24:58
the first dates back to the Ptolemaic
00:25:01
era and allows us to cross in a few
00:25:03
meters centuries of history the huge
00:25:07
hippo style atrium is the result of the
00:25:10
works performed by amongst others SETI
00:25:13
the first and Ramses the second the
00:25:16
second tower was designed by Horemheb
00:25:18
and completed by Ramses the first in the
00:25:22
huge courtyard lying between the 1st and
00:25:25
2nd tower to the temples of SETI the
00:25:27
second and Rameses the third exist again
00:25:31
within the courtyard there was the large
00:25:33
kiosk of taharka of which today only one
00:25:37
papyrus shaped column remains from a
00:25:40
nucleus going back to the middle reign
00:25:43
the successive Pharaohs have gradually
00:25:45
added monuments pulling down or
00:25:47
partially modifying the pre-existing
00:25:49
structures the most evident examples of
00:25:53
this practice can be found in the open
00:25:56
air museum as Karnak
00:25:59
the red Chapel of hatshepsut dismantled
00:26:02
by his stepson took mozi the third who
00:26:05
use blocks of it to fill the three
00:26:07
towers has been partially reconstructed
00:26:13
[Music]
00:26:15
the chapel is noted for its red color
00:26:18
due to the use of blocks of quartzite
00:26:20
alternatively cuts and shaped
00:26:28
white is the color that distinguishes
00:26:30
instead the kiosk of cissus tree the
00:26:32
first rebuilt in the first years of the
00:26:35
last century starting from the filler
00:26:37
blocks of the third tower the kiosk is
00:26:41
surrounded by two ramps and sustained by
00:26:44
16 square cross sectioned columns this
00:26:48
is one of the earliest monuments
00:26:50
surviving to us at Karnak it was built
00:26:53
by the early Middle Kingdom monarchs and
00:26:55
was hurt the first on the occasion of
00:26:57
his first said festival which was a kind
00:26:59
of a Jubilee at which the gods
00:27:02
reaffirmed his right to rule first
00:27:04
celebrated after 30 years on the throne
00:27:08
the more than 60 scenes contained inside
00:27:11
refer to the Jubilee feast of sis
00:27:13
Austria the first the imposition of the
00:27:16
crown by God the kiosk offices Austria
00:27:20
the first in reality at a precise
00:27:23
function it was one of the deposits of
00:27:26
the sacred barge it's actually what's
00:27:29
known as a bark a bark shrine or a
00:27:32
Waystation the Theban triad almond reimu
00:27:35
and Khonsu were like many ancient
00:27:38
Egyptian deities traveling God's
00:27:40
uncertain annual festivals or ritual
00:27:43
occasions they came out of their
00:27:45
sanctuaries and they traveled out of the
00:27:47
temple into the wide world to do this
00:27:50
they used Clark's great ceremonial barks
00:27:55
in which the divine image would have
00:27:57
been placed and then hidden from view as
00:28:00
it traveled outside the temple at Thebes
00:28:03
the processional barge carried on the
00:28:06
shoulders of the priests had to house
00:28:08
the sacred statue of the Theban triad
00:28:10
which was transported from the temple of
00:28:13
karnak to the nearby temple of luxor in
00:28:15
a journey of great symbolic significance
00:28:18
[Music]
00:28:22
the starting point of the procession was
00:28:25
the sanctorum pink quartzite which the
00:28:28
Macedonian King Philip parodius had
00:28:30
constructed on the remains of that of
00:28:32
took mozi the heard at the center of the
00:28:36
chamber there is a block of granite on
00:28:38
which the sacred barge was placed the
00:28:44
the god Amun who lives in this epidote
00:28:47
that shows him place are called the
00:28:50
Temple of Karnak better among the bless
00:28:52
of Raman they put him in the sacred boat
00:28:55
and the priest will hold the boat
00:28:58
fronted by the high priest and the boat
00:29:01
will go sailing with the Nile to the
00:29:03
south until he can go and visit his wife
00:29:06
moves at the temple of Luxor that time
00:29:10
melted to the ancient Egyptian fertility
00:29:14
the bark would be carried by priests on
00:29:17
their shoulders and then often travel by
00:29:20
water as well either overland or by
00:29:22
water but the Oracles could be asked
00:29:25
along this route for answers to
00:29:26
questions and there would be the written
00:29:29
answers on either side and the bark
00:29:30
would be tipped toward the correct
00:29:32
answer and that's how the Oracle was
00:29:34
answered the question to the Oracle was
00:29:36
answered every year on the occasion of
00:29:39
the feast of a pet the statue of the god
00:29:42
Arman left the century of karnak and was
00:29:45
carried in procession to the south
00:29:47
chapel the temple of luxor the same
00:29:50
procession could be performed in two
00:29:52
ways the first on land the barge leaving
00:29:56
the cell and then turning left in
00:29:59
direction south moved towards the temple
00:30:02
of luxor
00:30:03
the second by River taking advantage of
00:30:06
the flood of the Nile but in September
00:30:08
in the period of the Feast of a pet
00:30:10
reached its highest level the barge made
00:30:13
its triumphal entrance to the temple the
00:30:17
whole procession would come south to the
00:30:20
Luxor Temple along this processional way
00:30:23
along which I'm standing originally in
00:30:25
the early New Kingdom this appears to
00:30:27
have been a canal so that the gods
00:30:29
traveled by boat later on it was paved
00:30:32
over and eventually lined with sphinxes
00:30:36
some of which you see here the Sphinx's
00:30:38
took different forms here close to Luxor
00:30:40
Temple they are human headed and these
00:30:43
fixes here were built by a king of the
00:30:46
late period called nekton in BO the
00:30:48
first the entire procession is
00:30:52
represented on the walls of the great
00:30:54
arcade of Luxor
00:31:00
on the banks of the Nile priests
00:31:04
soldiers dancers musicians accompany the
00:31:11
barge running on foot through the
00:31:13
streets it is a magnificent feast one of
00:31:17
the very rare occasions in which public
00:31:19
and private divine and human the elite
00:31:22
and the common people find the ideal
00:31:25
synthesis before arriving at the final
00:31:27
station the barges of the Theban triad
00:31:30
were made to stop in purpose designated
00:31:33
deposits
00:31:35
[Music]
00:31:37
I'm standing inside one of the three
00:31:39
bark shrines that lie within the first
00:31:41
court in the temple at Luxor the divine
00:31:44
images of the gods still in their
00:31:45
portable shrines would have been brought
00:31:47
here for a rest at the end of the long
00:31:49
procession from Karnak here to Luxor
00:31:52
Temple this is the westernmost of three
00:31:55
shrines that are set right next to each
00:31:57
other and this one was for the divine
00:32:00
bark of moot and you can see an image of
00:32:02
moat here made offerings are being made
00:32:04
by the king to the image of mood here
00:32:07
and you can recognize her by her name of
00:32:09
course and also by her image she wears
00:32:12
the vulture headdress that identifies
00:32:14
her as a mother goddess and the double
00:32:16
crown of United agent and you can see
00:32:18
here's one scene and here on the back
00:32:22
wall is another of the King making
00:32:24
offerings to the goddess moon
00:32:29
avoiding death through the conception of
00:32:32
life
00:32:34
[Music]
00:32:39
the place where life is born at Thebes
00:32:42
is the temple of Luxor the house of the
00:32:45
women of Armen Roth who visited here
00:32:48
each year in order to be united with his
00:32:50
wife moot Allen requires the appearance
00:32:55
of Armen
00:32:56
an itty phallic man adorned with the
00:32:58
same headgear of
00:33:00
and with a whip in his hand
00:33:02
[Music]
00:33:08
you look at the Temple of Karnak it's a
00:33:11
house of amel this could be the house of
00:33:13
Alma but the house of the wife of Amnon
00:33:15
also would that trip that they make
00:33:19
every year that Amman will come through
00:33:22
the secured po2 the high priest and they
00:33:24
come through the Nile and he comes here
00:33:26
at length in the mind of ancient
00:33:29
Egyptian fertility a pet resort that is
00:33:37
harem of the south
00:33:40
even the walls of this temple tell the
00:33:43
story of who had wanted them modified
00:33:46
them you serve them and abandon them
00:33:49
the first nucleus of the sanctuary dates
00:33:52
back to the 12th dynasty metell me with
00:33:54
the men who tapped the third ramses ii
00:33:57
the temple of luxor has assumed its
00:33:59
definitive characteristic aspect most of
00:34:02
what you see today is the work of a king
00:34:04
of the new kingdom Amenhotep the third
00:34:06
from the holy of holies the chambers in
00:34:09
the back through a series of shrines and
00:34:11
other chambers into the sun court and on
00:34:14
into the processional colonnade the
00:34:16
great court at the front and the pylons
00:34:18
that front the temple are the work of
00:34:21
ramses ii who changed the axis of that
00:34:24
court so that the processional way could
00:34:26
lead directly to karnak
00:34:31
the place of fertility and the life that
00:34:34
is born through public rituals such as
00:34:37
the feast of a pet but also through
00:34:40
private moments in front of the people
00:34:43
that take part in the event but also far
00:34:46
from indiscreet eyes as in one of the
00:34:49
more meaningful places of the whole
00:34:51
complex the birth chamber
00:34:55
in this area located at the end of the
00:34:57
temple the divine birth of the king is
00:35:00
celebrated the sacred wedding that
00:35:02
unites Armin and the Queen and gives to
00:35:05
Egypt its heavenly guide the Pharaoh I'm
00:35:09
standing in the birth room of Amun
00:35:10
hooked up the third at Luxor Temple an
00:35:13
important concept in Egyptian royal
00:35:17
theology was that the king was actually
00:35:19
the son of the god Amun rah and the form
00:35:21
of Amun worshipped here was the
00:35:24
engendering force was the form of Haman
00:35:26
who engendered the new king the scenes
00:35:30
here on the west wall of this room tell
00:35:32
this story in a series of vignettes that
00:35:35
go across the wall and then up and up
00:35:38
again we begin the story here in the
00:35:40
corner where Ullman rah chooses the
00:35:43
woman who will bear his next child here
00:35:47
we have the god Amun
00:35:50
and here we have the Queen muta Maria so
00:35:55
in fact he chooses the queen of Egypt
00:35:58
very conveniently who was identified for
00:36:00
him by the god Thoth in this next scene
00:36:03
and here Toth you can recognize with his
00:36:05
Ibis head leads the god i'll move into
00:36:09
the royal palace into the bedchamber of
00:36:11
the queen a moon awakens the queen with
00:36:15
his beautiful aroma and then they share
00:36:17
here a divine embrace here's the queen
00:36:20
and a moon seated on a bed in the next
00:36:24
scene a moon tells the Potter God knew
00:36:27
who was responsible for fashioning
00:36:29
people to fashion the new king which he
00:36:32
does here on this potter's wheel he
00:36:35
fashions the king and the Kings double
00:36:37
his cow which is the life force that
00:36:39
passes power from one person to the next
00:36:41
he's assisted here by hecka and then the
00:36:44
scenes continue on the in the next
00:36:47
register Toth announces to the Queen
00:36:49
that she is pregnant and then she
00:36:51
proceeds to give birth in the company of
00:36:54
many gods the baby is accepted as the
00:36:57
new king by a moon and his wife moot and
00:37:00
their child Fon soo and in the top
00:37:03
register their various scenes of
00:37:05
purification where the king is welcomed
00:37:07
by all the gods
00:37:09
[Music]
00:37:21
the most interior area of the temple
00:37:24
that dedicated by a men who tapped the
00:37:26
third - the cult of God has suffered few
00:37:29
changes over the course of the centuries
00:37:32
the most significant ones are those made
00:37:35
by Alexander the Great who wanted to
00:37:37
insert an ounce in the shrine of the
00:37:39
barge instead of the four columns and
00:37:42
open a passage in order to connect it to
00:37:44
the shrine of the statue this temple
00:37:48
remained important throughout the firaon
00:37:49
ik period and on into the greco-roman
00:37:51
era when Alexander the Great took over
00:37:54
Egypt he took over also the cults of the
00:37:57
gods and became a true Pharaoh he built
00:38:00
the barque shrine that were standing in
00:38:02
right now and you can see on the walls
00:38:04
he has himself represented in the
00:38:06
traditional iconography of a pharaoh
00:38:08
worshipping the same gods that were
00:38:10
worshipped here for thousands of years
00:38:14
[Music]
00:38:21
[Music]
00:38:24
the temple of Luxor is a rare witness to
00:38:27
historical stratification
00:38:30
after the Greek domination on the
00:38:32
foundations there remain evident traces
00:38:35
of the Romans the chamber which precedes
00:38:38
the shrine hosts remains of paintings
00:38:41
dating back in all probability to the
00:38:43
era of Diocletian
00:38:46
it is a representation of the Four
00:38:48
Emperors but appear as gods in front of
00:38:51
their soldiers
00:38:56
eventually the cult of almond raw came
00:38:59
to an end but the religious life of
00:39:01
luxor temple was far from over during
00:39:04
the roman era this space was transformed
00:39:06
into a temple to the imperial cult the
00:39:09
back rooms were blocked off with his
00:39:11
apse and this room was plastered over
00:39:15
and covered with frescoes the entire
00:39:17
temple was enclosed as part of a Roman
00:39:19
garrison during the Christian era a
00:39:22
number of churches were built around and
00:39:24
inside the temple one of these can still
00:39:27
be seen today within the great court of
00:39:29
ramses ii on top of this church in the
00:39:33
13th century a.d a mosque was built the
00:39:36
Abu al-hakam
00:39:42
witness thieves for every city the water
00:39:48
and the earth wearing you at the
00:39:50
beginning came the sand to surround the
00:39:54
fields to create their place in the high
00:39:57
ground
00:40:00
the land existed
00:40:03
humanity came into existence to found
00:40:06
each city with its true name because
00:40:10
city is called by its name under the
00:40:13
surveillance of Thebes the
00:40:16
[Music]
00:40:23
all the cities are under his shadow too
00:40:28
by means of Thebes
00:40:36
today after three thousand years Pheebs
00:40:40
exists no more
00:40:42
east of the nile in that which was once
00:40:45
considered the city of the living
00:40:47
they remained the temples of Karnak and
00:40:50
Luxor
00:40:52
the Egyptians had built them to use them
00:40:55
as religious centers later peoples have
00:40:58
changed the sense and the use of them
00:41:01
only to abandon them to themselves only
00:41:06
in the last century a long phase of
00:41:09
restoration has been undertaken in order
00:41:12
to return these places to their ancient
00:41:14
splendor
00:41:17
west of the Nile the city of the Dead is
00:41:20
the seat of the necropolis of Thebes
00:41:24
the place for excellence of mystery
00:41:27
in inaccessible place
00:41:30
if the temples in some manner were
00:41:33
public the tombs must be private
00:41:39
today the living on the dead have a
00:41:41
common destiny seas of tourist crowds
00:41:46
each year visit temples and necropolis
00:41:50
the desire to know and to measure
00:41:54
oneself with history have upset for the
00:41:57
end of time the sense of these places
00:42:00
but the mystery and the fascination that
00:42:03
they emanate remain intact
00:42:06
a sign that the Egyptian civilization
00:42:10
will never die
00:42:17
[Music]
00:42:33
[Music]
00:42:40
[Music]
