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all right let's talk about Dar all Islam
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which one being translated means the
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house of Islam or everywhere Islam was
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the majority religion around 1200 and a
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quote an imminent historian of this
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period that's a big old honking house so
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if you're ready to get them brain cows
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milked well let's get to it again I need
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to tell you about three of the major
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religions that interacted with one
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another during that time Judaism
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Christianity and Islam you're gonna need
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to know something about the core beliefs
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of each of these and how these beliefs
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affected the Societies in which they
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were practical oh by the way if you want
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note guys to follow along with this
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video and cram all of its contents into
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your brain folds then check the link
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below so Judaism is the ethnic religion
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of the Jews and it originated in the
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Middle East probably the most important
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thing you need to remember about this
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religion is that it was monotheistic
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which is to say they worshiped one God
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and not many God that's the important
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piece because Judaism was the soil out
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of which the other two monotheistic
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faiths grew so Christianity was
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established by a Jewish Prophet namely
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Jesus Christ maybe you've heard of it
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now Jesus claimed to be the Messiah or
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the Savior that the Jews had long been
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waiting for and after his crucifixion at
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the hands of Roman authorities his
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followers began to spread his message of
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salvation by grace all the earliest
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Christians Were A persecuted minority
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eventually the Roman Empire adopted
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Christianity and that began the most
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significant influence of Christianity
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upon Society in fact entire States in
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Europe and Africa were organized and
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influenced by a growing hierarchy of
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popes and Bishops and Cardinals
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considered the third major monotheistic
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religion you need to know namely Islam
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and it was founded by the Prophet
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Muhammad in the 7th Century right here
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on the Arabian Peninsula Muhammad
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claimed to be the final prophet in the
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line of God's Messengers and stretched
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all the way back through Jewish and
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Christian scripture and he taught his
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followers that salvation would be found
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in righteous actions like alms giving
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him prayer and fasting now after the
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death of Muhammad in 632 the faith that
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he established began spreading rapidly
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throughout the Middle East North and
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sub-Saharan Africa into Europe and all
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the way down to South Asia and this is
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what we call Dar al-islam or the house
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of Islam and Islam deeply affected the
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societies where it was practiced but
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perhaps no effect was more important
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than the trading connections that
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existed between the various places
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within darallas just so happened that
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before he was a revelatory prophet of
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Allah Muhammad was a merchant so he was
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all about the tradesies and so were his
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followers compare that to Jesus
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teachings on accumulating wealth which
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can be summed up in about one word don't
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and so it's not hard to understand why
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Islamic States in general became far
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more prosperous than Christian States
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prior to 1200. now in addition to the
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Islamic faith facilitating trade
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throughout afro-eurasia it also
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facilitated the rise of giant honking
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Empires as well and for our purposes
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let's begin with the Abbasid caliphate
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which was founded in the 8th century and
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you're like core starts in 1200 why are
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you talking about the 700s you don't
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well my dear pupils first of all 1200 is
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kind of a squishy date like the course
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starts around 1200 but secondly in order
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to really understand the new
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developments going on in daral Islam
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from 1200 to 1450 you have to know what
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came before so back to the abbasids and
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there are two things you really need to
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remember about first they were
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ethnically error second the abbasids
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were empowered during what became known
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as the Golden Age of Islam during that
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time there were metric butt loads of
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Innovations and advancements in Science
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and Mathematics and literature and
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Technology all of which we'll talk about
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later but by 1200 well baby it ain't the
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Golden Age anymore because the Abbasid
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Empire was fragmenting and beginning to
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lose its place of ascendancy as the
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center of the Islamic world and I'll
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throw on a third thing to know just for
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funds as I mentioned a second ago the
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abbasage rose to power around the mid
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8th Century replacing the umayyad
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caliphate and the abbasids engaged in
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lots of battles against the umaya to get
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there but you want to know how they
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finished the job I know you do after
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they had squarely whipped the umaya the
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abbasids invited about 80 members of the
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umayyad court to a nice dinner and then
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hacked their crap to pieces and that's
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how you do it anyways the power of the
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abbases began to wane right before the
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beginning of our period this is the
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important part listen several new
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Islamic Empires began to rise in its
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place here's the spicy part those new
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Islamic Empires were largely made up of
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turkic peoples not Arab people why are
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you not falling out of your seat right
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now that's a huge development look from
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the time of Muhammad to the fall of the
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Abbasid caliphate Islamic empire for a
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run by Era but not now the turkic
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Muslims are coming in and setting up new
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rival Empires out of the crumbling
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edifice of the Abbasid Empire and let me
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tell you about three of them first was
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the seljuk Empire which was established
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in the 11th century in Central Asia now
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the Celtics were a pastoral people from
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Central Asia who were brought in irony
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of ironies by the abbasids as a
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professional military very Force both to
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expand their empire and to culturally
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integrate their empire by force but by
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the 1200s those seljuk Warriors began to
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claim more and more power for themselves
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and in the end the Abbasid caliphs were
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still in power and claimed to speak for
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all of Islam but the seljuks had most of
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the political power because you know
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when you're really good at killing large
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swaths of people it's relatively easy to
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gain power okay second was the mamluk
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sultanate over in Egypt and it's kind of
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the same story over here now prior to
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the mamluk Takeover the ayubid sultanate
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ruled Egypt under the leadership of
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Saladin otherwise known as he of the
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pointy turbine I'm kidding don't write
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that down anyway in order to advance the
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goals of his State Saladin needed more
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labor so what did he do well Saladin
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went ahead and enslaved a group of
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fierce turkic Warriors who were known as
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mam looks which just means enslaved
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person so Saladin dies in The Sultans
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who followed him were pretty incompetent
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and so what happened well the turkic man
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looks went ahead and seized power giving
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rise to yet another turkic Muslim state
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so what's the lesson here well if you're
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ruling over a Muslim empire in the
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post-classical period and want to stay
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in power don't bring in the turkic
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Warriors because eventually they're
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going to take all your crap over see who
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said that world history wasn't practical
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to your anyway the third turkic Muslims
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stay to arise during this period was the
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Delhi sultanate over here in South Asia
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here the invading Turks established a
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Muslim state in the north and ruled over
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the Indian population for about 300
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years now they had all kinds of problems
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as well but we're going to say that for
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the next video but the main point here
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is that as Arab Muslim empires like the
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Abbasid declined new Muslim empires made
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up of turkic peoples were on the rise
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that was a big change however these new
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Muslim states also resembled the former
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Arab empires in several ways for example
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in these new states it was mostly the
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military which was in charge of
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administration additionally they
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retained the Islamic practice of
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implementing Sharia law which was a code
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of laws established in the Quran okay
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now during this period Islam continued
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to expand in places all across
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afro-eurasia and that spread was carried
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out in basically three ways first
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military expansion and we already saw
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how that worked with the establishment
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of the Delhi Sultan second Islam
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expanded through Merchant activity which
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is to say trade for example much of
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North Africa was ruled by Muslims and
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that reality stimulated trade and
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movement of merchants throughout Africa
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further south the Empire of Mali
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gradually converted to Islam for many
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reasons but Chief among them was the
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increased access to trade among our all
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Islam and then third Islam expanded due
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to the efforts of Muslim missionaries a
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large branch of which was known as the
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Sufi during this period Sufism was a new
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and emerging form of Islam that
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emphasized mystical experience
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furthermore it emphasized that those
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spiritual experiences were available to
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anyone regardless of class or gender and
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although the Islamic scholar class poo
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Pooh this Innovation but with its lack
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of theological rigor it became a
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significant Force for the spread of
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Islam across the world okay now the last
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thing you need to know is that all
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across Daryl Islam there were an awful
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lot of thinky-thinky kinds of people and
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their developments were kind of
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astonishing first of all there were
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Innovations in mathematics and for this
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let me introduce you to my boy Nasir
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al-din Altus I mean this guy invented
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trigonometry so you know noise the whole
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reason he developed it was so he could
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better understand how planets and stars
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move through the sky and look if you
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believe that the Earth revolves around
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the Sun and not the other way around
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then you have altusi to think because
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later Nicholas Copernicus used altusi's
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Matthew stuff to develop the
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heliocentric theory of the universe not
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the universe the Galaxy no what's sun is
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at the center additionally during the
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Golden Age of Islam under the Abbasid
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caliphate the House of Wisdom was
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established in Baghdad this was a
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massive and world famous library to
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which Scholars from all over the dang
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world came to study religion in the
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Natural Sciences and even spicier
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Scholars at the house of wisdom were
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responsible for preserving the great
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works of Greek moral and natural
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Philosophy by folks like Plato and
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Aristotle they translated them into
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Arabic and made extensive commentaries
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on them and without that effort those
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Works would likely have been lost
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forever but they weren't and instead
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those Arabic translations of classical
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texts were transferred to Europe where
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they became the basis for the
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Renaissance and all the cultural
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flowering that resulted all right click
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here to watch my other videos on unit
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one and click here to grab my video note
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guys to follow along with these videos
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if that's the kind of thing you're into
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if you're having trouble reading your
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textbook and you still wanted a then
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these puppies are for you all right I'll
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catch you on the flip-flop I'm Laurent
