(7) Temporary negative AD shock

00:08:55
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGSu8CV3Ffg

الملخص

TLDRV videu je obravnavan začasni negativni šok agregatnega povpraševanja, ki vpliva na ravnotežje v gospodarstvu. Sprva je obravnavano ravnotežje, kjer je proizvodnja enaka potencialni proizvodnji. Ko pride do šoka, se krivulje IS in Phillipsov ukrivijo, kar vodi do nove ravni produkcije in inflacije. Centralna banka se odzove z prilagoditvijo obrestnih mer, da bi usmerila gospodarstvo nazaj proti začetnemu ravnotežju. Proces prilagajanja je označen s premiki med različnimi točkami v grafih proizvodnje, inflacije in obrestnih mer.

الوجبات الجاهزة

  • 📉 Začasen negativni šok vpliva na agregatno povpraševanje.
  • 📊 Krivulja IS se premakne zaradi šoka.
  • 🏦 Centralna banka prilagaja obrestne mere za stabilnost.
  • 📈 Inflacija se najprej zniža, nato pa ponovno narašča.
  • 🔄 Gospodarstvo se vrne v začetno ravnotežje po šoku.

الجدول الزمني

  • 00:00:00 - 00:08:55

    V prvem delu videa je predstavljen koncept začasnega negativnega šoka agregatne povpraševanja. Začnemo s srednjeročno ravnotežje, kjer je proizvodnja enaka potencialni proizvodnji. V prvem obdobju pride do začasnega negativnega šoka, ki povzroči premik krivulje IS v levo, kar vodi do nove ravni proizvodnje in inflacije. Nato sledimo vplivu šoka na Phillipsovo krivuljo v naslednjem obdobju, kjer centralna banka odziva z obrestno mero, da doseže optimalno točko. V drugem obdobju se gospodarstvo premakne proti začetnemu ravnotežju, ko se inflacija in obrestne mere stabilizirajo na predhodnih ravneh.

الخريطة الذهنية

فيديو أسئلة وأجوبة

  • Kaj je začasni negativni šok agregatnega povpraševanja?

    To je nenaden in kratkotrajen padec povpraševanja, ki vpliva na raven proizvodnje in inflacijo.

  • Kako vpliva šok na obrestne mere?

    Obrestne mere se prilagajajo, da bi centralna banka dosegla ciljno inflacijo in stabilnost gospodarstva.

  • Kaj je krivulja IS?

    Krivulja IS prikazuje ravnotežje med dohodkom in obrestnimi merami v gospodarstvu.

  • Kaj predstavlja Phillipsova krivulja?

    Phillipsova krivulja prikazuje odnos med inflacijo in brezposelnostjo.

  • Kdaj se gospodarstvo vrne v začetno ravnotežje?

    Gospodarstvo se ob predpostavki pravilnega prilagajanja politik vrne v začetno ravnotežje po obdobju negativnega šoka.

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التمرير التلقائي:
  • 00:00:00
    okay this video is about temporary
  • 00:00:03
    negative aggregate demand shock
  • 00:00:05
    so first we have to start with
  • 00:00:09
    medium round equilibrium
  • 00:00:17
    so we assume that output is equal to
  • 00:00:20
    potential
  • 00:00:21
    output y
  • 00:00:25
    and okay for this level of output uh
  • 00:00:30
    the corresponding level of interest rate
  • 00:00:33
    is here r
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    as closer here are
  • 00:00:40
    us okay looks fine
  • 00:00:48
    so here we have
  • 00:00:56
    and
  • 00:01:01
    and in period zero
  • 00:01:05
    we assume that expected level of
  • 00:01:07
    inflation is inflation
  • 00:01:11
    so here we are here with y
  • 00:01:17
    okay so initial point
  • 00:01:21
    is point a
  • 00:01:24
    however then in period zero
  • 00:01:28
    we have temporary negative algorithm
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    demand shock
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    which means that ios curve is gonna
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    shift to the left
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    for for one period
  • 00:01:50
    [Music]
  • 00:01:52
    okay
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    okay so let's have it here
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    so this new is
  • 00:02:10
    assuming that interest rate is the same
  • 00:02:12
    we have a new level of output
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    y0 and for this level of output
  • 00:02:22
    the corresponding rate of inflation is
  • 00:02:25
    by
  • 00:02:26
    zero maybe i will do it in different
  • 00:02:30
    ways so for this point
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    here we have zero
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    okay so we will end up here so in period
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    zero we move from point a
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    to point b
  • 00:02:42
    [Applause]
  • 00:02:45
    we end up with y zero y
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    zero and in order to define our zero
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    first we have to predict
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    the shape of phillips curve in the next
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    period
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    so for pi zero here it is
  • 00:03:01
    [Music]
  • 00:03:02
    okay
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    so we predict philips curve in here
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    [Applause]
  • 00:03:15
    and for our
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    uh will be equal to
  • 00:03:25
    inflation in period zero
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    and previous zero inflation decreased in
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    comparison
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    to what was initially in equilibrium
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    so yeah you know basically we know it's
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    gonna shut down
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    so in period one this will be the
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    optimal point of the central bank
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    point c on the intercept of new phillips
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    curve
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    and monetary rule and in order to
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    achieve
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    this point in period one central bank
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    will have to charge r zero
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    so again this is temporary shock so when
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    analyzing period one central bank
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    already keeps
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    in mind that economy is gonna get back
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    to this
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    initial is infinite one so fine
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    here we are so this is everything
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    what happens in period zero in period
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    one
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    uh economy actually moves from b
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    to c so this
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    interest rate finally works because
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    there was one period left
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    as you remember so we
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    will end up this period with
  • 00:04:49
    [Music]
  • 00:04:54
    one
  • 00:04:58
    so in order to define r1 first we have
  • 00:05:01
    to predict phillips curve
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    in the next period so
  • 00:05:06
    again as you remember
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    was p0 with the communication in period
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    one
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    p1 is expected rate of completion
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    in period two so p
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    one is greater than sorry pi
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    1 is greater than pi zero so for the
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    next period you know this phillips curve
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    is gonna be located
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    above the original phillips curve in
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    period one
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    just because expected level of inflation
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    affects the value of intercept
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    so here we have it pc
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    two so for this level for this phillips
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    curve
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    um you know
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    for the central bank the optimal point
  • 00:05:54
    will be point
  • 00:05:55
    d and in order to
  • 00:05:58
    be located on this point central bank
  • 00:06:01
    will have to charge
  • 00:06:03
    r one so we end up period one with
  • 00:06:07
    five one y one and
  • 00:06:11
    r one
  • 00:06:11
    [Applause]
  • 00:06:14
    so starting from the second period um
  • 00:06:17
    so we shift from point
  • 00:06:23
    from point c to point d
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    and starting from this period you know
  • 00:06:31
    we will shift closer and closer
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    to the initial point so a
  • 00:06:36
    is at the same time like initial point
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    and at the same time
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    you know final point when economy will
  • 00:06:44
    end up in the new medium run equilibrium
  • 00:06:47
    since we assume
  • 00:06:48
    that food is curve will be here
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    only for one period period zero
  • 00:06:55
    then we will get back to the initial
  • 00:06:57
    level of interest rate
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    so again let's analyze it using response
  • 00:07:02
    [Music]
  • 00:07:14
    functions
  • 00:07:24
    [Music]
  • 00:07:28
    zero
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    here we have period 1
  • 00:07:37
    so for output initial value was
  • 00:07:39
    potential
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    output y e then in period 0
  • 00:07:44
    it decreased to y0
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    and then it increased to 1 1.
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    okay
  • 00:08:01
    and then it was slowly decreasing to the
  • 00:08:05
    initial level
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    of something like this i do not like the
  • 00:08:10
    shape but you got the idea
  • 00:08:12
    okay for inflation initially it was in
  • 00:08:16
    python
  • 00:08:17
    the value was quite low until period
  • 00:08:20
    zero
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    then it decreased to pi zero
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    and then it will slowly increasing
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    until it reached the initial level for
  • 00:08:30
    interest rate we started with
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    our s then
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    rs decreased to r0 in period
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    0 and then it was slowly
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    increasing until it reached the initial
  • 00:08:45
    level
  • 00:08:48
    okay so that's it for this graph and
  • 00:08:51
    thank you for watching
الوسوم
  • negativen šok
  • agregatno povpraševanje
  • ravnotežje
  • obrestne mere
  • Phillipsova krivulja
  • produkcija
  • inflacija
  • gospostvena politika
  • ekonomski model
  • začasni učinki