00:00:02
[Music]
00:00:05
Legend has it that vegetables were
00:00:07
better before so we are going to go back
00:00:10
in time and visit the hallowed French
00:00:12
Academy of
00:00:21
Agriculture where you can find the ghost
00:00:23
of vegetables
00:00:25
past between two old pamphlets on
00:00:28
farming we stumble across a hidden
00:00:32
Jam the food composition table from 60
00:00:35
years
00:00:36
[Music]
00:00:41
ago it shows the exact amount of
00:00:43
vitamins and minerals that every fruit
00:00:46
and vegetable contained at the time of
00:00:49
[Music]
00:00:53
writing so we came up with a very simple
00:00:56
idea to compare these old statistics
00:00:59
with those of
00:01:00
[Music]
00:01:06
today this information is no longer kept
00:01:09
in Old Paper books it is now kept on the
00:01:12
internet we discovered a little known
00:01:14
fact fruit and vegetables have lost some
00:01:17
of their vitamins and
00:01:19
[Music]
00:01:21
minerals take green beans for example in
00:01:25
1960 they contained 65 mg of calcium for
00:01:30
every 100
00:01:31
gram in 2017 they contain no more than
00:01:36
48.5 milligrams that's a quarter less
00:01:39
calcium the same thing for vitamin C 19
00:01:42
mg at the time versus 13.6
00:01:47
today one by one We examined the 70 most
00:01:51
consumed fruit and vegetables and
00:01:53
compiled the results into this
00:01:56
table the results show a dramatic
00:02:03
deterioration in the space of 60 years
00:02:06
all 70 fruit and vegetables have lost an
00:02:09
average of 16% of their calcium 27% of
00:02:14
their vitamin C and almost less than
00:02:16
half of their iron
00:02:18
levels for several years now an American
00:02:21
researcher has been warning us about
00:02:23
this loss of
00:02:24
nutrients so best of luck thank you mer
00:02:30
we
00:02:31
[Applause]
00:02:35
have I'm here to tell you about an
00:02:39
important problem that many people are
00:02:42
not aware of nutritional declines in
00:02:45
Foods Donald Davis is a biochemist he
00:02:49
has worked at the University of Austin
00:02:52
Texas we showed him our comparative
00:02:58
table this looks like like similar to
00:03:01
what we find in US data and UK data so
00:03:06
what do you think in the United States
00:03:08
Donald Davis analyzed the development of
00:03:10
43 vegetables between 1950 and
00:03:15
1999 I think that most of these declines
00:03:18
are caused by increases in yield when
00:03:21
yields go up there's less nutrients per
00:03:25
weight of the food a lot of agricultural
00:03:28
scientists um may not know about how big
00:03:31
these effects are this is kind of an
00:03:35
embarrassing of they're they're always
00:03:37
wanting to increase yield if modern
00:03:40
breeding was causing increases in flavor
00:03:43
and increases in nutrients I think they
00:03:45
would talk about it a lot
00:03:48
more the tomato is one of the fruits
00:03:51
that has seen the largest drop in
00:03:52
nutrients a quarter of its calcium and
00:03:55
more than half of its
00:03:58
vitamins in order to stand this decline
00:04:01
we must Trace fruit and vegetables back
00:04:03
to their
00:04:05
origin before the fruit even grows the
00:04:08
seed determines
00:04:13
everything tomato Farmers choose their
00:04:15
seeds from these brochures they are
00:04:18
published by manufacturers such as zenta
00:04:21
V Moran or
00:04:23
CLA to attract Farmers they mentioned
00:04:26
their size shape color and in particular
00:04:29
their
00:04:35
productivity but most importantly are
00:04:38
the letters hf1 which signifies a first
00:04:41
generation
00:04:43
hybrid and that's how we get a
00:04:53
hybrid for example let's take a plant
00:04:56
that grows large but very pale tomatoes
00:04:59
we cross them with a plant whose
00:05:01
tomatoes are red but too
00:05:07
small by combining these two varieties
00:05:10
we create what is called a hybrid a
00:05:13
plant that possesses both the genes of a
00:05:15
large tomato and a bright red
00:05:20
tomato for 50 years scientists from all
00:05:23
over the world have been developing
00:05:24
these hybridizations to create tomatoes
00:05:27
that can withstand all sorts of bumps
00:05:29
and
00:05:30
bruises you've heard of crash tests on
00:05:33
cars here are crash test
00:05:36
[Music]
00:05:43
tomatoes during the 1980s these
00:05:45
laboratory Tomatoes flooded the
00:05:49
[Music]
00:05:51
market but there is still one problem
00:05:53
that no one has managed to work out
00:05:55
tomato spoil very quickly
00:05:59
[Music]
00:06:04
until the day scientists invent the
00:06:07
Eternal
00:06:08
[Music]
00:06:15
tomato this miraculous tomato has been
00:06:18
created in Israel for 70 years this
00:06:21
country has revolutionized the farming
00:06:23
industry it has managed to grow fruit
00:06:26
and vegetables in the middle of the
00:06:28
desert
00:06:31
[Music]
00:06:35
we met one of the fathers of the modern
00:06:37
tomato at the Hebrew University of
00:06:40
Jerusalem the man who made this fruit
00:06:42
practically
00:06:45
Immortal good morning morning nice to
00:06:48
see you yes hi good morning hi
00:06:53
rovic uh we go straight to the farm yes
00:06:57
at 79 years old professor rabinovich
00:07:00
continues to develop future
00:07:04
hybrids this is a breeding Greenhouse so
00:07:06
each plant is different and I say wow
00:07:09
this planted looks stronger than this
00:07:11
one for instance and definitely more
00:07:13
than this one we look for these
00:07:16
differences in order to develop
00:07:18
something which is better than the
00:07:20
existing material the best tomatoes are
00:07:23
those that are well adapted for
00:07:25
commercial production because although
00:07:27
the researcher and his assistant May
00:07:29
well be University lecturers they also
00:07:32
work for private corporations their
00:07:34
research is currently funded by French
00:07:36
Seed Company V it's owned by them I
00:07:39
cannot I cannot give it to anybody else
00:07:41
this is exclusive exclusive to them
00:07:44
you're the only one that got into this
00:07:45
greenhouse beside you no one can get
00:07:48
here they need to develop a tomato for
00:07:51
southern European
00:07:53
countries here there is a big one look
00:07:56
Phil Moro looking uh to have a a winning
00:07:59
in the Balon Market which have a fruit
00:08:02
size around 300 G Tomatoes say biggest
00:08:06
grapefruits that must grow on horizontal
00:08:08
Vines this is the cluster which the
00:08:11
flower are
00:08:12
organized usually the cluster has three
00:08:15
dimensions the fruit grow in every
00:08:17
possible Direction uh people like today
00:08:20
what we call a fishbone cluster from
00:08:23
pecking point of view if you have three
00:08:25
dimension it's very difficult to Peck in
00:08:27
a box when you have a two dimension
00:08:30
you can put one on top of the other and
00:08:32
it's much easier to create this hybrid
00:08:36
they have to cross two plants by placing
00:08:38
pollen from one plant onto the flower of
00:08:41
[Music]
00:08:44
another here the way extract Poland you
00:08:47
need to come to the open
00:08:49
flower this is what we call artificial
00:08:53
be actually you know what it
00:08:56
is it's a electric toothbrush we just
00:09:00
remove the brush and put a hook on top
00:09:04
of it you can see at the bottom you can
00:09:07
see yellow yellow
00:09:09
dust and in two days I will come with
00:09:12
the pollen and I will make the
00:09:13
pollination uh how many Crossing you
00:09:17
make for to have one ibrid at the
00:09:21
end to make a commercial hybrid probably
00:09:25
400 400 like that 400 every year
00:09:30
sometimes it's coming only from the
00:09:32
third area so you can go to a huge
00:09:36
numbers that is how after thousands of
00:09:39
cross-pollinations in the early 1990s
00:09:42
Haim rabinovich and his colleagues
00:09:44
invented the Eternal tomato this
00:09:47
innovation has transformed the World
00:09:50
Market why you begin to work on the long
00:09:53
sh life because because of this waste of
00:09:57
40% of the of the yield uh before this
00:10:01
mutation uh the limit was 2 three days
00:10:05
four days at the most when we exported
00:10:07
tomatoes to Europe and we exported a lot
00:10:10
of tomato we used to fly it by airplanes
00:10:13
because if it has to go by boat from
00:10:16
Israel to Mar the Tomato will be mushy
00:10:19
nobody nobody will touch it to extend
00:10:22
its shelf life the professor had to defy
00:10:24
the law of
00:10:27
nature the purpose of this tomato is to
00:10:30
disseminate the seed for Next Generation
00:10:33
so the moment the seeds are
00:10:36
ripe it will fall off the bush bump into
00:10:40
the
00:10:41
ground explode and all these juice will
00:10:45
will run all over as far away from the
00:10:48
mother plant as possible in order to
00:10:50
conquer more territory we don't want it
00:10:54
it's undesired trait for human beings
00:10:58
and here we have a ation that
00:11:01
seemingly can provide a solution here is
00:11:05
the israelian researchers idea they have
00:11:08
cross-pollinated a plant with regular
00:11:10
tomatoes that decay within 3 days with a
00:11:13
plant carrying a natural genetic defect
00:11:16
that prevents the ripening of the fruit
00:11:19
they have thus ended up with a
00:11:20
longlasting hybrid tomato that once
00:11:23
picked will Decay much
00:11:27
slower we let our our own homegrown
00:11:30
experiment on one side we have a hybrid
00:11:33
fruit with a perfect
00:11:39
appearance on the other side an heirloom
00:11:42
tomato that has not undergone any
00:11:44
hybridization with its speckled yellow
00:11:47
skin and other small
00:11:52
imperfections now all we have to do is
00:11:54
wait
00:11:59
after 3 days the two Tomatoes still look
00:12:02
completely
00:12:03
[Music]
00:12:05
fine but after a week the heirloom
00:12:08
tomato is no longer fit for sale because
00:12:11
of these little black
00:12:14
marks within 2 weeks it even starts to
00:12:17
go
00:12:19
moldy and what about the
00:12:22
hybrid unaffected in 2 weeks it has not
00:12:26
changed at all except for one thing the
00:12:29
stem comes
00:12:30
[Music]
00:12:33
off it was only after day 25 that the
00:12:36
hybrid became unsellable now with mold
00:12:39
and softer
00:12:43
skin without hybridization it would have
00:12:47
looked like
00:12:48
this its shelf life has therefore gone
00:12:52
from 3 days to almost 3
00:12:54
[Music]
00:12:56
weeks but just like any deal for Eternal
00:12:59
youth there is a price to
00:13:03
pay you can taste
00:13:10
them
00:13:12
tasteless the genes for uh inhibition
00:13:16
ripening
00:13:17
inhibition carry with them some negative
00:13:22
traits uh for instance flavor The Taste
00:13:26
deteriorates and we less nutrient but I
00:13:30
don't know because we never never
00:13:31
measured it only later in the '90s and
00:13:35
the early 2000s we started looking into
00:13:38
the quality traits I offered a project
00:13:41
like that to many seed companies I even
00:13:44
gave it a name I called it Ace tomato
00:13:47
why Ace vitamin a c and e and I said it
00:13:50
will be much healthier tomato we don't
00:13:52
have it in Supermarket is vary the
00:13:56
industries they don't care
00:13:58
[Music]
00:13:59
these manufacturers that Haim rabinovic
00:14:02
refers to are big names in the seed
00:14:05
industry such as the business haera
00:14:07
which has earned Millions thanks to the
00:14:09
long life
00:14:11
tomato in 2003 this Israeli company was
00:14:15
bought out by liag a multinational
00:14:19
corporation with a turnover of over $2.5
00:14:25
billion after acquiring hazera the
00:14:28
company became the world's second
00:14:29
biggest producer of tomato
00:14:32
seeds hazera test out their new
00:14:35
varieties in the nef desert out in the
00:14:37
middle of
00:14:41
nowhere yaron giras is global head of
00:14:44
the Tomato Department y Rosenfeld is
00:14:47
head of the Communications
00:14:51
Department this is for you and then you
00:14:53
put the those two this is our protocol
00:14:57
for sanitation
00:15:01
[Music]
00:15:05
the 120 varieties in this demonstration
00:15:08
Greenhouse are advertised right down to
00:15:10
their
00:15:15
[Music]
00:15:16
stem I'm going to show you for example a
00:15:19
tomato that we call it
00:15:21
lamia this is a very famous tomato in
00:15:25
Turkey today it's the green part of the
00:15:27
tomatoes it's like a must you know there
00:15:29
is a special gin for this mustach uh yes
00:15:33
yes so you see very very nice color very
00:15:37
firm tomato it's coming from the long
00:15:39
shelf life family also um you mean it
00:15:44
has a long
00:15:45
shell jeans but is the percentage of all
00:15:48
your variety that has long shelf I
00:15:51
didn't calculate but I assume today
00:15:53
around the
00:15:55
5050 long Chef life has a problem for
00:15:58
the T long shelf life in in for for a
00:16:01
long time we saw that it was influenced
00:16:03
to reduce the taste of the tomato and
00:16:05
now we are going back and try to
00:16:08
increase the teste again of the tomato
00:16:11
and yaras wants to prove it to us in his
00:16:13
opinion the long life Gene doesn't
00:16:15
necessarily mean a lack of
00:16:17
flavor you like tomato yeah not
00:16:20
everybody like tomatoes you know yes I
00:16:22
like tomato but it's hard to find a good
00:16:25
tomato right now nowadays okay
00:16:32
taste
00:16:34
okay like a little bit um we said we
00:16:37
said not all the Tomato need to have
00:16:39
taste because if you add olive oil and
00:16:42
salt you don't need
00:16:48
taste mhm I tell you I I I I know what
00:16:52
is tomato to this is okay yeah okay yeah
00:16:56
there is a worse
00:16:59
but for the market and for what they
00:17:01
want this is okay I'm going to show you
00:17:04
some tomatoes that you said
00:17:07
[Applause]
00:17:07
[Music]
00:17:14
wow I want you to taste this special
00:17:17
Maggie and to tell me if there you feel
00:17:20
the different
00:17:21
[Music]
00:17:34
what do you
00:17:35
think different a different taste it's
00:17:38
not good as they want it to be yeah
00:17:40
because it's starting the the
00:17:42
cultivation just start yes you see you
00:17:45
are the same people we will come back to
00:17:46
The Taste but what about the nutrients
00:17:48
very little gel what we're look at more
00:17:50
and more is to have a good color a good
00:17:54
firmness and a good taste and and the
00:17:57
the nutrients in tomato are still it's a
00:18:01
small player in the market for cooking
00:18:03
in Italy for cooking is the
00:18:05
hybridization of tomatoes one of the
00:18:07
reasons for the loss of
00:18:12
[Music]
00:18:13
nutrients in the south of France in
00:18:15
belgar durz Jean Luke borol is one of
00:18:19
the last Artisan seat sellers in the
00:18:22
[Music]
00:18:25
country using his own Tomatoes he
00:18:28
produced say nonone hybrid seeds these
00:18:30
are heirloom
00:18:38
[Music]
00:18:49
[Music]
00:18:57
seeds for
00:19:30
in his Greenhouse Jean luk BR only grows
00:19:33
Farmers
00:19:36
varieties 100% natural
00:19:43
farming effec
00:20:12
do these Farmers varieties contain more
00:20:15
nutrients than hybrids we are going to
00:20:18
analyze them on one side we have Jean
00:20:21
Luke's
00:20:22
[Music]
00:20:27
tomatoes on the other a hybrid with a
00:20:30
similar appearance bought from the
00:20:32
[Music]
00:20:38
supermarket the very same day we sent
00:20:41
them to an accredited laboratory to
00:20:43
measure their nutrient
00:20:48
[Music]
00:20:51
levels 3 weeks later the results arrive
00:20:54
the hybrid tomato contains a
00:20:56
significantly lower level of the five
00:20:58
nutrients
00:21:01
analyzed it contains 63% less
00:21:05
calcium 29% less magnesium and 72% less
00:21:09
vitamin
00:21:11
C the levels of lopine and polyenals two
00:21:15
antioxidants that help fight
00:21:17
cardiovascular diseases are two times
00:21:19
lower in the hybrid than in the farmer's
00:21:22
variety tomato
00:21:24
[Music]
00:21:29
we then showed these analyses to Donald
00:21:31
Davis a specialist in nutrient loss
00:21:34
congratulations okay how's the taste is
00:21:38
it taste differ of course yeah the Alum
00:21:42
one was very very good I ate it like
00:21:45
Candi but the I was a tast less yes of
00:21:48
course is consistent with the idea that
00:21:51
there is a relationship between taste
00:21:54
and nutrient content this was published
00:21:56
by Professor clay at the University of
00:21:59
Florida and he made the observation in
00:22:02
this paper that many of the flavor
00:22:05
components of tomatoes are derived from
00:22:09
Human nutrients when you eat a tomato
00:22:12
that has good flavor that means that it
00:22:15
probably also had good amounts of the
00:22:18
nutrients that were used to make that
00:22:20
flavor it's a consequence of
00:22:24
hybridization it's consistent with all
00:22:26
of the other evidence a breeders
00:22:29
select for yield is but they are also
00:22:31
looking for other economic traits and in
00:22:35
the process of making that change they
00:22:39
also caused a change in the chemistry of
00:22:42
the Tomato you take out hybrid varieties
00:22:45
are less nutritious so what does l owner
00:22:49
of hazera and the world's second largest
00:22:51
Tomato Seed producer think of this
00:22:58
je Kristoff gash is one of the company's
00:23:01
board members
00:23:43
[Music]
00:23:54
AB
00:24:27
wa for
00:25:08
[Music]
00:25:25
the hybrids offer another great
00:25:26
Advantage for seed suppliers
00:25:28
their seeds are single
00:25:34
use if you plant the seed of a hybrid
00:25:37
plant the jeans mix and when the plant
00:25:40
grows it's the luck of the draw the
00:25:43
tomatoes could be small striped or
00:25:46
misshapen this is why farmers must buy
00:25:48
more seeds every
00:25:55
year a profitable Market given that the
00:25:58
manufacturer sell these tomato seeds at
00:26:00
a very high price like liag in Israel
00:26:04
charge a lot can charge how much is one
00:26:07
kilo of seeds of this kind of tomato uh
00:26:10
this kind of tomato today can reach uh
00:26:12
the
00:26:13
400,000 what for kilogram of seeds what
00:26:19
400,000 or more yes you can buy a house
00:26:22
with this I've heard that the tomato
00:26:25
seeds the more capital gain of all seeds
00:26:29
yes the margin our margin is the highest
00:26:32
that that we can get in tomato why
00:26:35
because it's expensive expensive seeds
00:26:37
and there is a lot of Demands so it's a
00:26:40
yeah it's a good business for us if it's
00:26:42
not we are not here the small yellow
00:26:44
tomato the most expensive Variety in the
00:26:46
greenhouse costs
00:26:47
$450,000 for every kilo of seeds even so
00:26:50
for a basic tomato it is $67,000 double
00:26:53
the price of gold this is a hand really
00:26:56
to hand work they need a lot of Labor to
00:27:00
to make a seeds and where do you produce
00:27:02
the the seeds the like we told you today
00:27:04
in 22 different countries today all over
00:27:06
the world and uh like which kind of
00:27:09
country like like Israel like in
00:27:11
Thailand like in Chile with in Spain in
00:27:15
India in many
00:27:17
places seeds sold for the price of gold
00:27:21
and produced by hand in countries with
00:27:23
cheap labor welcome to the era of seed
00:27:27
globalization
00:27:28
[Music]
00:27:31
the Tomato Trail has led us to India it
00:27:34
was this report with a young girl on the
00:27:36
front cover that prompted us to take the
00:27:39
flight soiled seeds commissioned in 2015
00:27:43
by ICN a Dutch
00:27:47
NGO in the seed sector 16% of workers
00:27:51
that produce vegetable seeds are
00:27:53
children under the age of 14 years
00:27:59
[Music]
00:28:02
these seeds are produced in the state of
00:28:04
kataka in remote Villages that are
00:28:07
amongst the poorest in the whole
00:28:09
[Music]
00:28:13
country here the climate is mild for
00:28:16
vegetables every year 160,000 kilos of
00:28:20
tomato seeds are produced to then be
00:28:22
exported
00:28:30
the five biggest multinational seed
00:28:32
companies can be found here on this
00:28:33
plane BASF dupon B Monsanto senta and
00:28:41
liag we are going to travel across it
00:28:44
together with the Hindu god Garnes and
00:28:46
one of the researchers from this NGO
00:28:48
that works against child
00:28:51
labor
00:28:52
Saturday in India working before the age
00:28:55
of 14 is illegal Ravi rash roams the
00:28:59
area to count the children in the
00:29:07
[Music]
00:29:25
field along with our translator we
00:29:27
approached the children these young
00:29:29
girls have been hollowing out
00:29:31
watermelons for hours in order to remove
00:29:33
the seeds it is 86° Fahrenheit in the
00:29:46
shade these girls have been recruited by
00:29:48
a farmer who works for an Indian Seed
00:29:50
Company
00:29:59
according to Ravi in kataka the Tomato
00:30:02
hybrid industry is one of the largest
00:30:04
employers of child
00:30:10
labor it's the end of the season the
00:30:12
fields are almost deserted but a little
00:30:14
further we notice some figures through
00:30:16
the screens of this
00:30:22
greenhouse this Farm is a subcontractor
00:30:25
of the Swiss multinational singen
00:30:31
around 10 workers prune the tomato
00:30:37
plants a girl who is smaller than the
00:30:39
others stares at us the young girl on
00:30:42
the left quietly tells her to bend
00:30:56
down
00:30:58
[Music]
00:31:05
[Music]
00:31:21
for
00:31:25
uhuh comp CH one
00:31:33
[Music]
00:31:39
is this young lady 17 years old our
00:31:42
translator finds this hard to
00:31:45
believe I don't think she is 17 looking
00:31:48
at her probably she is much younger than
00:31:50
17 which is very much appended and she
00:31:53
has been trying to hide her in kataka
00:31:57
800 Farms have a contract with senta
00:32:00
it's the largest foreign Contracting
00:32:04
party naturally we asked the Swiss
00:32:07
multinational its thoughts on child
00:32:09
labor in response an empty rhetoric of
00:32:14
principles senta conforms to all labor
00:32:17
laws senta's Equitable work policy
00:32:20
promotes decent working conditions and
00:32:23
also tackles the problem of child labor
00:32:27
[Music]
00:32:34
why are children hired by Farmers that
00:32:37
work for these big seed
00:32:40
companies Dr davuluri ventes Valu author
00:32:44
of the report soiled seeds is one of the
00:32:46
main experts on child labor in
00:32:51
India for 15 years this independent
00:32:55
research worker has been investigating
00:32:57
the production sector of hybrid
00:32:59
seeds the hybridization activity is very
00:33:04
very delicate it requires a lot of uh uh
00:33:10
skills the
00:33:11
children are preferred because they can
00:33:15
do this repetitive
00:33:18
activities very uh faster than
00:33:22
adults uh and also uh they are more
00:33:26
obedient we can say
00:33:28
two children can do the work of three
00:33:31
adults that is the kind of calculation
00:33:33
Farmers
00:33:35
have according to this researcher
00:33:38
Farmers cut wages for one simple reason
00:33:40
the low prices set by the
00:33:43
multinationals the farmers are
00:33:45
struggling actually to have a uh good
00:33:49
profit margin if they have to uh uh hire
00:33:53
labor and pay good remuneration to the
00:33:57
workers
00:33:58
the the margin will be very nominal or
00:34:01
sometimes there won't be any margin for
00:34:03
the farmers jauri van cartes Wu's battle
00:34:07
has begun to pay off the proportion of
00:34:09
children working in the seed industry
00:34:11
under the age of 14 has been reduced
00:34:14
from 16 to
00:34:17
10% but another part of the population
00:34:20
is still being
00:34:22
exploited traveling through kataka we
00:34:25
made another Discovery in the the Tomato
00:34:28
Seed fields we only saw
00:34:33
women we found out why during our visit
00:34:36
to chaman GA do God's
00:34:43
farm
00:34:47
for in India Lima operates under the
00:34:50
name hm claw the French seed company is
00:34:54
in contract with 600 farmers in the
00:34:57
region
00:35:00
Crossing
00:35:03
running bent over under the blazing sun
00:35:06
these women remove the pollen from
00:35:08
flowers with tweezers for 8 hours a day
00:35:29
their heads buried in pollen and
00:35:31
fertilizers for just $280 a day it is
00:35:35
not much and what's more it is
00:35:38
illegal in India employers must comply
00:35:41
with the minimum wage it is 330 rupees
00:35:45
in the agricultural industry the
00:35:47
equivalent of $480 a day these women
00:35:51
therefore earn 40% less than the legal
00:35:53
minimum
00:35:56
wage foree
00:36:00
[Music]
00:36:14
[Music]
00:36:37
[Music]
00:36:41
these Farmers say they are forced to
00:36:42
break the law because they need another
00:36:44
$30 per kilo yet in Europe liag sells a
00:36:48
kilo of seeds for an average of
00:36:54
$67,000 are the local liag managers
00:36:56
aware of these illegal
00:37:00
practices the following day we decided
00:37:03
to take a little visit to the Indian
00:37:05
branch of hm claws with a hidden
00:37:10
camera we got off to a bad start they
00:37:13
stopped us before we even got close to
00:37:15
the building SE company you are looking
00:37:18
for seeds company yes yes what's the
00:37:22
what for first for first we make a
00:37:24
documentary about seeds in uh can
00:37:28
Europe means which country particularly
00:37:31
France oh okay one
00:37:35
minute apparently being French like liag
00:37:39
has its benefits we are invited to enter
00:37:41
the staff
00:37:43
office okay to speak directly with the
00:37:48
supervisor okay the man is on the phone
00:37:50
with head
00:37:52
office because we have very stct
00:37:55
information
00:37:57
section from head office not to allow
00:38:00
any
00:38:03
people they are banned from speaking to
00:38:06
us but do not underestimate the famous
00:38:08
Indian Hospitality I have lunch
00:38:12
first
00:38:18
lch we go inside the storage facility
00:38:21
where the seeds produced by the Indian
00:38:23
farmers are dried before being exported
00:38:27
[Music]
00:38:35
terminate oh thank
00:38:42
you the site managers admit they are
00:38:44
fully aware that the farmers do not
00:38:46
abide by the minimum wage of $480 a
00:38:52
day what is the salary for one worker
00:38:57
200 rupes okay for 8 hours okay because
00:39:01
some Farmers say they have no more
00:39:02
shocking information according to this
00:39:05
executive The Firm even violates this
00:39:07
law with its own
00:39:09
employees Oran how much are paid in hm
00:39:14
CL
00:39:19
Farm according to the supervisor the
00:39:21
business has a knack for hiding the
00:39:23
price of seeds in Europe from the
00:39:25
farmers what are the name
00:39:28
it is very secret we put numers numbers
00:39:32
production people we should not know the
00:39:35
names why suppose you come to know that
00:39:39
this product is very popular
00:39:43
and
00:39:45
produced by this name so what is liag
00:39:48
doing to combat these illicit
00:39:54
practices seeds
00:40:12
[Music]
00:40:22
[Music]
00:40:26
we for
00:41:02
[Music]
00:41:26
to for
00:42:25
no
00:42:39
[Music]
00:42:41
nowadays it's almost impossible to find
00:42:44
seeds that have not been hybridized or
00:42:46
cloned by the industry corn vegetables
00:42:49
rice wheat sunflowers the same modern
00:42:52
and uniform plants are being imposed all
00:42:55
over the world
00:42:59
[Music]
00:43:08
as a result 2/3 of all seeds sold in the
00:43:11
world now belong to four
00:43:14
multinationals Baya Monsanto do dupon
00:43:19
senta and
00:43:23
liag this privatization of nature is
00:43:26
destroying bi
00:43:28
diversity in 2009 a man launched a
00:43:32
global appeal to the United
00:43:34
Nations at the time Olivier the scoter
00:43:37
was a United Nations special repur on
00:43:40
the right to food 75% of
00:43:43
agrobiodiversity has been lost um as a
00:43:46
result of the pressure towards the
00:43:48
adoption of uniform improved
00:43:53
writing we are meeting him at his home
00:43:55
in Brussels
00:43:59
despite his calm
00:44:01
[Music]
00:44:02
demeanor the former un special reporter
00:44:05
is frustrated that his warnings are
00:44:08
falling on deaf ears
00:44:09
[Music]
00:44:45
fragile plants is not such a bad thing
00:44:47
for the large seed companies because out
00:44:50
of these four multinationals that
00:44:52
dominate the world seed Market three are
00:44:55
pesticide manufacturers B
00:44:58
Monsanto and
00:45:17
senta seeds are a perfect trojan horse
00:45:20
for these chemical products as a result
00:45:23
3 million tons of pesticides are sold
00:45:25
annually worldwide
00:45:33
B
00:46:10
gen
00:46:35
today across the world citizens and
00:46:38
Farmers alike are revolting against this
00:46:40
programmed disappearance they demand
00:46:43
free seeds seeds that do not belong to
00:46:46
the Giants of the agrochemical
00:46:51
industry in France a number of people
00:46:53
are organizing the resistance
00:47:01
in the southwest of the country in the
00:47:03
depth of a valley you will find The
00:47:05
Hideout of
00:47:08
[Music]
00:47:12
copelli Ananda guer runs this nonprofit
00:47:16
organization they are trying to protect
00:47:19
traditional and forgotten vegetable
00:47:21
varieties their collection includes
00:47:23
2,400 vegetables that are now rare such
00:47:26
such as this be colored cucumber punaa
00:47:30
or orange Swiss chards
00:47:57
to help with the preservation of these
00:47:59
varieties copelli has launched the
00:48:01
scheme seats Without
00:48:05
[Music]
00:48:25
Frontiers for
00:48:49
[Music]
00:49:06
by conserving these endangered seeds we
00:49:09
are taking back the choice to plant or
00:49:11
eat non-standardized fruit and
00:49:13
vegetables which are the best produce
00:49:15
for both our planet and our health but
00:49:18
perhaps most importantly we will
00:49:20
Liberate the vibrant common good of
00:49:23
humanity
00:49:26
a
00:49:31
[Music]
