The Ultrasonic Flow Measuring Principle

00:04:31
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bx2RnrfLkQg

الملخص

TLDRThe video discusses the transportation and measurement of various substances in piping systems, employing different measurement principles tailored to each fluid's properties. A key focus is on the differential transit time method for ultrasonic flow measurement, based on sound wave propagation principles established by Lord Raleigh. The method utilizes paired sensors in measuring tubes to detect variations in ultrasonic signal transit times, which become different when fluid flows. It also explains the benefits of clamp-on ultrasonic sensors, offering flexibility and safety in applications across industries, including water and hydroelectric sectors. Endress+Hauser is presented as a supplier of measurement technology solutions.

الوجبات الجاهزة

  • 🔊 Ultrasonic flow measurement uses sound waves for precise flow detection.
  • 📘 Principles by Lord Raleigh form the basis of sound wave propagation.
  • 📏 Transit times of ultrasonic signals indicate fluid flow speed.
  • 🛠️ Sensors can be installed without disrupting ongoing processes.
  • 🌊 Clamp-on sensors allow measurement in large pipes up to 4 meters.
  • 💰 Cost-effectiveness is a key advantage of ultrasonic technology.
  • ⚙️ Flexible mounting options enhance process safety.
  • 🌍 Applicable in various industries, especially water and petrochemical sectors.
  • 📈 Increased sensor pairs improve accuracy for complex flow profiles.

الجدول الزمني

  • 00:00:00 - 00:04:31

    The video discusses the transportation and measurement of diverse substances in piping systems, including solvents, chemicals, and oils. Different properties of fluids require varying measurement principles, one of which is the ultrasonic flow measurement based on the differential transit time method, a concept founded on the work of Lord Raleigh. It explains how ultrasonic flowmeters operate with pairs of sensors to measure the time taken for ultrasonic signals to travel through flowing fluids, allowing for accurate calculation of flow velocity and volume. The advantages of clamp-on ultrasonic sensors, which can be installed externally on pipes without disruption and accommodate large pipes, are also highlighted, emphasizing their flexibility and cost-effectiveness as a measurement solution provided by Endress+Hauser.

الخريطة الذهنية

فيديو أسئلة وأجوبة

  • What is the differential transit time method?

    It is a flow measurement technique that uses ultrasound to determine the difference in transit times of ultrasonic signals in flowing fluids.

  • Who developed the basic principles of ultrasonic flow measurement?

    The principles can be traced back to Lord Raleigh, an English physicist and Nobel prize winner.

  • What types of substances can be measured using ultrasonic flow measurement?

    It can measure solvents, chemicals, vegetable oils, coolants, and petrochemical products.

  • How do clamp-on ultrasonic sensors work?

    They are mounted on the outside of a pipe and transmit ultrasonic signals through the pipe wall into the fluid.

  • What are the advantages of ultrasonic flow measurement?

    Advantages include flexible mounting, process safety, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to measure flow in large pipes.

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التمرير التلقائي:
  • 00:00:16
    The most diverse substances are transported and  distributed in piping systems every single day.
  • 00:00:23
    They can include solvents and chemicals,  vegetable oils in the food sector,
  • 00:00:30
    coolants in primary industry  or petrochemical products.
  • 00:00:36
    The fluids flowing through pipes often have  completely different properties. Therefore,
  • 00:00:42
    different principles are  required for their measurement.
  • 00:00:46
    One principle is flow measurement based on the  differential transit time method using ultrasound.
  • 00:00:55
    The basic physics of this principle can be traced
  • 00:00:57
    back to the English physicist and  Nobel prize winner Lord Raleigh.
  • 00:01:02
    His book "Theory of Sound“ – published
  • 00:01:05
    in 1877 – describes the propagation  of sound waves in solids and gases.
  • 00:01:13
    Here is how this measurement method works.
  • 00:01:20
    Inside the ultrasonic flowmeter, pairs of sensors
  • 00:01:24
    are fitted across from each  other in the measuring tube.
  • 00:01:28
    Each individual sensor can alternately transmit  and receive an ultrasonic signal. Simultaneously,
  • 00:01:35
    the transit times of these signals are measured.
  • 00:01:39
    The ultrasonic signals are  generated with piezoelectrical
  • 00:01:44
    crystals applying a voltage. Conversely,  a piezoelectric crystal creates a voltage,
  • 00:01:50
    when an ultrasonic signal impacts the sensor.
  • 00:01:55
    By increasing the number of sensor pairs  it is possible to accurately detect and
  • 00:02:00
    mathematically compensate for flow profile  distortions over the entire pipe cross section.
  • 00:02:07
    When there is no flow condition, the signal transit  times are the same – upstream and downstream.
  • 00:02:14
    Once the fluid starts to flow in  the measuring tube, the ultrasonic
  • 00:02:18
    signals are accelerated in the direction  of flow and decelerated against the flow.
  • 00:02:24
    As a result, the ultrasonic signals now  have different transit times – less time
  • 00:02:30
    in the direction of flow and  more time against the flow.
  • 00:02:34
    Therefore, the differential  transit time measured by the
  • 00:02:37
    sensors is directly proportional  to the flow velocity in the pipe.
  • 00:02:43
    Together with the known tube cross-section,  the actual flow volume can then be calculated.
  • 00:02:50
    The greater the flow velocity,
  • 00:02:52
    the greater the measured time difference  between the two ultrasonic signals.
  • 00:02:59
    For ultrasonic flow measurement, the sensors don’t  necessarily have to be fitted into the pipe wall.
  • 00:03:07
    With a clamp-on system, for example, the sensors  are fastened directly onto the outside of the
  • 00:03:14
    pipe. They can be retrofitted at  any time without interrupting the process.
  • 00:03:21
    With clamp-on sensors, the ultrasonic signal  is passed directly through the pipe wall and
  • 00:03:27
    into the fluid. The signal continues through the fluid, is reflected on the opposite pipe
  • 00:03:33
    wall and then measured by the second sensor – in  this example with a two-traverse installation.
  • 00:03:40
    The clamp-on design is unique because flow rates  can be measured in very large pipes up to 4
  • 00:03:47
    meters in diameter. This possibility increases the areas of application,
  • 00:03:53
    for example in the water  and hydroelectric industries.
  • 00:04:03
    Flexible mounting, process  safety and cost-effectiveness
  • 00:04:07
    are the distinctive advantages  of ultrasonic flow measurement.
  • 00:04:18
    For all applications, we have the right solution.
  • 00:04:23
    Endress+Hauser – your single-source  supplier for measurement technology!
الوسوم
  • Ultrasonic Flow Measurement
  • Differential Transit Time
  • Sound Wave Propagation
  • Clamp-on Sensors
  • Measurement Technology
  • Flow Measurement
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Endress+Hauser
  • Process Safety
  • Industrial Applications