MegaStructures - Willis Tower (Sears Tower) (National Geographic Documentary)
الملخص
TLDRThe Sears Tower, now known as Willis Tower, is an iconic skyscraper in Chicago originally constructed as the headquarters for Sears Roebuck and Company. At 1,450 feet, it was the tallest building in the world from its completion in 1973 until it was surpassed by the Petronas Towers in 1998. The building features a unique bundled tube design, which was a breakthrough in structural engineering at the time, conceived by architects Bruce Graham and engineer Fazlur Khan. The tower includes 104 elevators and an impressive observation deck offering views across four U.S. states. Over the years, the building has been adapted for multiple uses beyond its original purpose and remains a signature part of Chicago's skyline.
الوجبات الجاهزة
- 🏢 Originally constructed as the corporate headquarters for Sears Roebuck and Company.
- 🏗️ Features a revolutionary bundled tube design by Fazlur Khan.
- 📈 Held the title of the world's tallest building from 1973-1998.
- 🌆 Offers a sky deck with views spanning four states.
- 🔧 The construction involved innovative techniques and required precise coordination.
- 💡 Deemed an architectural triumph, showcasing modern engineering.
- 🚪 Post-9/11 security measures have been extensively upgraded.
- 🚀 Evolving functions now serve a broad tenant base.
- 📡 Home to the tallest antennas worldwide, extending its height.
- 🌍 Remains a symbol of Chicago's architectural heritage.
الجدول الزمني
- 00:00:00 - 00:05:00
The video begins by describing the Sears Tower, a massive skyscraper in Chicago, North America, noting its impressive height of 1,450 feet and its status as the tallest building until 1998, when surpassed by the Petronas Towers. Visitors enjoy views extending to four states from its Skydeck, a popular attraction drawing over a million tourists every year. The tower's elevator system is highlighted for its speed and unique design, efficiently transporting thousands of visitors daily.
- 00:05:00 - 00:10:00
The narrative shifts to the history of Sears Roebuck and Company, its dominance in the retail market, and the inception of the Sears Tower as a testament to its success and growth. The company's vision for a sprawling headquarters led to comprehensive planning and data collection, resulting in a futuristic workspace intended to accommodate growth over several decades.
- 00:10:00 - 00:15:00
The third segment delves into the architectural innovation behind the Sears Tower, emphasizing the choice of Skidmore Owings and Merrill for their expertise in corporate building design. It discusses the problem of Quincy Street running through the building site and its resolution. The unique bundled tube structural strategy, developed by architect Fazlur Khan, is introduced and praised for its efficiency and potential to set height records.
- 00:15:00 - 00:20:00
Attention is then turned towards the construction process itself, documenting the logistical and engineering challenges involved. The utilization of prefabricated tree units allowed for quicker assembly of the building's steel skeleton, significantly speeding up construction. Notable is the story of an accident involving a falling steel column, which highlights the risks and innovative problem-solving on site.
- 00:20:00 - 00:25:00
The ongoing construction is further examined, noting both environmental challenges and the competitive drive spurred by other tall buildings, specifically the World Trade Center towers. Despite adversities like harsh weather and rumors of competing projects, the Sears Tower was topped off successfully in May 1973, solidifying its world's tallest status amid local pride and national attention.
- 00:25:00 - 00:30:00
By 1974, the interior of Sears Tower was nearing completion. The video outlines the utilization of fireproofing materials, the construction of the aluminum and glass exterior, and the adaptation of the building's elevators and lobby to solve unique airflow and access challenges. Innovations made for tenant comfort and energy efficiency are spotlighted, showcasing the building's operational sophistication.
- 00:30:00 - 00:35:00
Transitioning to the decline of Sears' dominance, the video explains the retail market landscape shifts that forced Sears to lease excess space in their headquarters. The narrative shifts to the present, describing adaptations in building operations and security following the change in ownership and the increased global significance of terrorism threats post-2001.
- 00:35:00 - 00:43:54
The final segment wraps up by celebrating the Sears Tower's legacy. It highlights its ongoing status as an architectural icon and cultural symbol for Chicago, even amidst its comparative loss of the world's tallest building title. This segment underscores the pride of those who built and continue to work in the tower, solidifying its place in history as an enduring testament to human ingenuity and ambition.
الخريطة الذهنية
الأسئلة الشائعة
When did Sears Tower lose its title as the world's tallest building?
In 1998, to the Petronas Towers in Malaysia.
How high is the Sears Tower?
1,450 feet
What significant architectural feature does the Sears Tower have?
The bundled tube design.
How many elevators does the Sears Tower have?
104 elevators, including double-decker ones.
What was the original purpose of the Sears Tower?
It was built to be the headquarters for Sears Roebuck and Company.
Who were the key architects behind the Sears Tower?
Bruce Graham and Fazlur Khan from Skidmore, Owings & Merrill.
How long did it take to build the Sears Tower?
Construction began in 1970 and completed in 1974.
What makes the observation deck of Sears Tower unique?
Its sky deck offers views across four states on a clear day.
عرض المزيد من ملخصات الفيديو
- 00:00:01more than 25,000 people walk into the
- 00:00:04Sears Tower every day it takes 104
- 00:00:08elevators some double-decker to
- 00:00:11transport workers and visitors to the
- 00:00:13110 floors of the tallest building in
- 00:00:15North America
- 00:00:18the Sears Tower was considered the
- 00:00:19tallest building in the world until 1998
- 00:00:22when the Petronas Towers in Malaysia
- 00:00:24surpassed it by 33 feet but only with
- 00:00:28the help of decorative spires
- 00:00:32it rises 1,450 feet above the city of
- 00:00:35Chicago and as one of the most
- 00:00:37impressive observation decks in the
- 00:00:39world when people come up to the search
- 00:00:41our sky deck on a clear day they're able
- 00:00:43to see up to 50 miles so you're really
- 00:00:46not just seeing downtown Chicago you're
- 00:00:48also seeing the rest of Illinois Indiana
- 00:00:51Wisconsin and Michigan and it's just an
- 00:00:54amazing amazing imbue and with the Sears
- 00:00:57Tower being the tallest building in
- 00:00:58Chicago you're looking down on this
- 00:01:00amazing architectural mecca that is
- 00:01:03Chicago
- 00:01:07more than a million tourists come to
- 00:01:10visit the Skydeck annually to take a
- 00:01:12multimedia elevator ride up to the top
- 00:01:15the search tower Observatory has some of
- 00:01:17the most unique elevators in the world
- 00:01:19first of all there are two of the
- 00:01:20fastest at top speed they're going 1600
- 00:01:23feet per minute and you start to levels
- 00:01:26in the basement and come up to the
- 00:01:27hundred and third floor in about 60
- 00:01:29seconds 4.5 million square foot
- 00:01:34skyscraper located in the heart of
- 00:01:36Chicago's loop includes offices a
- 00:01:39private dining Club conference
- 00:01:41facilities a u.s. post office retail
- 00:01:43stores and restaurants it is a length of
- 00:01:48close to five football fields
- 00:01:51there's 2232 steps to get to the top of
- 00:01:55the building there's 796 laboratories it
- 00:01:59takes 110 janitors
- 00:02:01100 security guards and 25 engineers 3
- 00:02:06electricians and dozens more to maintain
- 00:02:09an operator the 50,000 miles of electric
- 00:02:12wiring 25,000 miles of plumbing 80 miles
- 00:02:17of elevator cable and a hundred and
- 00:02:19forty five thousand light fixtures in
- 00:02:21the Sears Tower
- 00:02:24Tony Tony on has worked at the sears
- 00:02:26tower for 13 years and is responsible
- 00:02:29for operating the six automated window
- 00:02:31washing rigs with scale the black
- 00:02:33exterior to wash the 16100 windows for
- 00:02:38washing the windows the window head will
- 00:02:39jut against the window with this first
- 00:02:41of squeegee knocking off the bulk of the
- 00:02:43heavier dirt well then we have spray
- 00:02:45nozzles behind it that spray water onto
- 00:02:47the window then the brush will knock the
- 00:02:49rest of the dirt loose and then we have
- 00:02:51three squeegees behind that's connected
- 00:02:53to a vacuum that vacuum the water off
- 00:02:54the window as long as the air
- 00:02:57temperature is above 25 degrees and the
- 00:03:00winds don't kick up above 30 miles an
- 00:03:01hour the windows are washed year-round
- 00:03:04when you think about maintaining the
- 00:03:07comfort level in a building this size
- 00:03:11with so many floors you go on a Main
- 00:03:15Street downstairs it could be 65 degrees
- 00:03:19you come up to 78 floor where a work
- 00:03:22there maybe only 50 degrees there is a
- 00:03:26difference in temperature people don't
- 00:03:28think that there's that the engineers
- 00:03:30have to be involved to compensate for
- 00:03:33the sniffing temperature in fact there
- 00:03:35is a staff of operating engineers who
- 00:03:37closely monitor the heating ventilating
- 00:03:39and air-conditioning units located on
- 00:03:41floors 29 to 33 64 to 66 88 to 90 and
- 00:03:47104 to 109
- 00:03:50these floors are considered hidden
- 00:03:52because they can only be accessed by the
- 00:03:54freight elevators
- 00:03:59all the refrigeration for the entire
- 00:04:02building comes from this location I have
- 00:04:05a total of five chillers here these
- 00:04:08chillers are equal to 48 hundred tons of
- 00:04:11refrigeration now picture in your
- 00:04:13apartment or in your bedroom you have a
- 00:04:15one ton air-conditioner sitting through
- 00:04:17your window one of these chillers are
- 00:04:19equal to 48 hundred of those with 3000
- 00:04:23thermostats throughout the building plus
- 00:04:25the computers and lights used by the
- 00:04:2610,000 tenants it's a wonder that the
- 00:04:30Sears Tower has never lost power
- 00:04:33in fact the to stand by 2100 kilowatt
- 00:04:36generators which can supply enough
- 00:04:38electricity to power 200 homes each have
- 00:04:41never been used with that much potential
- 00:04:44power the Sears Tower was built to last
- 00:04:48and in 1968 when Sears Roebuck and
- 00:04:52company decided to build a new
- 00:04:54headquarters for its growing company it
- 00:04:56was going to be built big Sears was the
- 00:05:00dominant retailer in the country have
- 00:05:02been number one for a long time and we
- 00:05:03far exceeded the competition which in
- 00:05:05those days was JCPenney and Montgomery
- 00:05:08Ward and Sears growth was just
- 00:05:11phenomenal but it was because after the
- 00:05:14Second World War
- 00:05:15Sears envisioned the use of the
- 00:05:18automobile and the the advent of the
- 00:05:20suburbs so we were building stores like
- 00:05:22crazy on the fringe of cities and if
- 00:05:26you're gonna be searing to be the
- 00:05:27biggest you certainly can't build a
- 00:05:29small building as your headquarters you
- 00:05:31know and if you're the biggest biggest
- 00:05:32retailer the biggest baddest on the
- 00:05:34block you need a big place they needed
- 00:05:36the space because they're just a huge
- 00:05:38company but I think they were looking at
- 00:05:40wanting to make a statement about 70
- 00:05:44years earlier this big company got its
- 00:05:46start in a small town called North
- 00:05:48redwood Minnesota with a railroad
- 00:05:50station agent named Richard W Sears
- 00:05:53board with his job he created a
- 00:05:56mail-order business and then a watch
- 00:05:58company on the side
- 00:06:00in 1887 after moving his business to
- 00:06:03Chicago he placed an ad for a skilled
- 00:06:06watchmaker and found Alva C Roebuck
- 00:06:10later a partnership formed and by 1893
- 00:06:15the two created Sears Roebuck and
- 00:06:17Company a catalog business the catered
- 00:06:20mostly to farmers in need of general
- 00:06:22Goods so the catalog was right from the
- 00:06:25beginning there were everything was done
- 00:06:27through the mail and registers know how
- 00:06:29to do that because of his experience
- 00:06:30with the railroad so you had to move
- 00:06:32material and he's the mail and that sort
- 00:06:34of thing business grew so fast that by
- 00:06:37the turn of the century
- 00:06:38Sears least additional buildings all
- 00:06:40around Chicago and constructed a
- 00:06:42building affectionately named by Sears
- 00:06:44employees the great works a 40-acre five
- 00:06:49million dollar campus like complex on
- 00:06:51the residential west side of Chicago
- 00:06:54when the building was built it actually
- 00:06:56was the largest commercial space in the
- 00:06:58United States and from Otis and it might
- 00:07:00have been the largest in the world which
- 00:07:02is gives you an idea of just how of the
- 00:07:04magnitude of what Sears was doing you
- 00:07:07know how their business had expanded by
- 00:07:09the size of their of the bill density
- 00:07:10they occupied but even the great works
- 00:07:13wasn't big enough to contain Sears in
- 00:07:171968 with over 7,000 employees scattered
- 00:07:21around 10 locations in Chicago
- 00:07:23Sears chairman Gordon Metcalf decided to
- 00:07:26bring the company under one very large
- 00:07:28roof
- 00:07:32since the building was going to be
- 00:07:33constructed by its owner for the
- 00:07:35company's own use
- 00:07:36Sears planned from the inside out before
- 00:07:39even selecting an architect
- 00:07:41they hired SLS environ etics an interior
- 00:07:44design firm from New York to perform
- 00:07:47studies on how much space Sears really
- 00:07:49needed we want to know how much space
- 00:07:51would we need both initially when we
- 00:07:54moved in and also 30 years down the road
- 00:07:56because it was planned that this
- 00:07:58building would be big enough to
- 00:07:59encompass our growth for 30 years and
- 00:08:02environ Attucks was very much involved
- 00:08:03in that process of planning then later
- 00:08:06on they were involved in determining how
- 00:08:08the Sears floors would lay out how
- 00:08:11they'd be configured the relationship
- 00:08:12between departments and so on after
- 00:08:15conducting interviews with department
- 00:08:17heads based on detailed questionnaires
- 00:08:19and taking meticulous inventory of all
- 00:08:21the existing furniture and equipment
- 00:08:23environ etics fit its data into a
- 00:08:25computer to analyze the company's total
- 00:08:29anatomy literally there were 90 or 200
- 00:08:32interviews that were then converted into
- 00:08:36space requirements for every individual
- 00:08:39listed in those questionnaires for
- 00:08:42example a buyer would be a hundred and
- 00:08:44fifty square feet a vice president would
- 00:08:47be three hundred square feet where as a
- 00:08:49clerical worker would be 50 square feet
- 00:08:51so you had all of these projections and
- 00:08:54you moved them out into the future and
- 00:08:56that's what led to Sears deciding that
- 00:08:59in 30 years they would need three and a
- 00:09:02half million square feet and that became
- 00:09:04the size of the project even though at
- 00:09:07the time we were going to move in we'd
- 00:09:09only need 2 million square feet armed
- 00:09:12with computer analyzed growth
- 00:09:13projections Sears left the suburbs and
- 00:09:15chose a 3 acre site in the garment
- 00:09:17district on the southwest edge of the
- 00:09:19loop on which to build their future
- 00:09:21headquarters we came downtown looked at
- 00:09:23a number of sites but the one that was
- 00:09:25finally chosen was almost ideal in terms
- 00:09:27of public transportation it had access
- 00:09:30to all the suburban railroads and also
- 00:09:32the bus network so you couldn't probably
- 00:09:34have found a better place in terms of
- 00:09:36letting your employees get to work
- 00:09:39and most advantageous way they were
- 00:09:42loyal to Chicago and so they wanted to
- 00:09:45stay in Chicago and they felt that if
- 00:09:47they stayed in Chicago they were going
- 00:09:48to be able to attract the best talent
- 00:09:51Sears was looking for talented
- 00:09:53architects as well as talented employees
- 00:09:56and where better to look than the
- 00:09:58birthplace of skyscrapers Chicago after
- 00:10:03all where else could one find a designer
- 00:10:06bold enough to plan a building great
- 00:10:08enough to become the home of the world's
- 00:10:11biggest store
- 00:10:15the Sears Tower building site had one
- 00:10:17problem Quincy Street ran through it for
- 00:10:202.7 million dollars
- 00:10:22Chicago sold that section of Quincy
- 00:10:23Street to Sears and the problem was
- 00:10:25solved the Sears Tower will return on
- 00:10:28modern marvels by the late 60s Sears had
- 00:10:33grown to become the number one retailer
- 00:10:35in the world
- 00:10:38as a result they had outgrown their
- 00:10:41current headquarters and we're now ready
- 00:10:43for a new home
- 00:10:46a great deal of work went into choosing
- 00:10:50the building site but the choice of who
- 00:10:53would design their new home came
- 00:10:55effortlessly Skidmore was chosen as the
- 00:10:57architect because at the time they were
- 00:11:00the preeminent corporate builders of
- 00:11:02office buildings in this country they
- 00:11:04have done a number of great buildings
- 00:11:06and they had the most talent that
- 00:11:08distinction was to the credit of two
- 00:11:09partners at Skidmore Owings and Merrill
- 00:11:12Bruce Graham and innovative an outspoken
- 00:11:15architect in Vossler Khan a modest but
- 00:11:18brilliant structural engineer Bruce and
- 00:11:21foz collaborated quite closely in the
- 00:11:24design of a number of buildings
- 00:11:26throughout the 1960s and eventually it
- 00:11:29led to the design of the John Hancock
- 00:11:32which is a very tall building it was
- 00:11:34this kind of dynamic energy that existed
- 00:11:37between the two of them do often met
- 00:11:40outside of work to discuss different
- 00:11:42ideas and while eating lunch one
- 00:11:44afternoon he hit on the design that
- 00:11:46would become the Sears Tower we were
- 00:11:49pursuing the idea of the bundle tube
- 00:11:51system and foz was trying to describe
- 00:11:54this to Bruce and finally Bruce says I
- 00:11:56think I understand what you're saying
- 00:11:58and Bruce was a smoker and took out his
- 00:12:01pack of cigarettes and took out a number
- 00:12:03of cigarettes and kind of held them in
- 00:12:05his hand and had them coming to
- 00:12:07different heights and as far as if this
- 00:12:09in fact was his idea if this is what he
- 00:12:11was thinking the system might look like
- 00:12:13from an architectural standpoint from a
- 00:12:15visual standpoint and phos said that's
- 00:12:17exactly right the idea of using tube
- 00:12:20construction was just starting to gain
- 00:12:22momentum in the architectural world up
- 00:12:26until about 1960 most buildings were
- 00:12:29built with very wide spacing of columns
- 00:12:32and long spans between them and these
- 00:12:35were called frame buildings and that was
- 00:12:37the system that was used for many many
- 00:12:39years steel frame construction relied
- 00:12:42heavily on internal support columns
- 00:12:43embracing to bear all of the structural
- 00:12:46loads
- 00:12:47besides a number of these support
- 00:12:49columns directly correlated with the
- 00:12:51height of the building as buildings
- 00:12:53became taller we realize that in fact
- 00:12:56this frame system was becoming very
- 00:12:59inefficient as can be demonstrated by
- 00:13:01the Empire State Building with its very
- 00:13:03large quantity of structural steel
- 00:13:07Basler Kahn was best known in the
- 00:13:09architectural world as the father of
- 00:13:11tubular construction his idea was to
- 00:13:15bring the exterior columns closer
- 00:13:16together so that the columns would act
- 00:13:18like a wall in the perimeter of the
- 00:13:20building this would minimize the need
- 00:13:23for massive support columns in the
- 00:13:24center of the building the Hancock
- 00:13:27building as well as the World Trade
- 00:13:29Center buildings were both designed
- 00:13:30using this new construction method
- 00:13:35the idea for Sears Tower was since this
- 00:13:38was such a large building the tube
- 00:13:40started to become inefficient because it
- 00:13:43was so wide and so deep so the idea was
- 00:13:47why not take multiple tubes and put them
- 00:13:51together bundle them and so Sears Tower
- 00:13:54if you look at a floor plan is a series
- 00:13:57of nine tubes three by three that are
- 00:14:01bundled together at the base of the
- 00:14:03building are nine tubes two of the tubes
- 00:14:06end at the 50th floor two more tubes end
- 00:14:10at the 66th floor and three tubes drop
- 00:14:14off at the 90th floor leaving only two
- 00:14:17remaining tubes to proceed to the top
- 00:14:19this bundle tube concept very easily
- 00:14:23enabled the architects to create this
- 00:14:26this modulation of space as they went up
- 00:14:28and the purpose of that was Sears
- 00:14:31required very large floors for their
- 00:14:34function but they were only going to
- 00:14:36initially occupy half the building
- 00:14:38the remaining half for the upper half
- 00:14:40was going to be leased to tenants so the
- 00:14:43idea of dropping off these various tubes
- 00:14:46then resulted in a smaller floor plan
- 00:14:50which gave more perimeter offices and
- 00:14:52was therefore much more attractive on
- 00:14:55the leasing market the bundled tubes as
- 00:14:58well as the ingenious use of step backs
- 00:15:00set the Sears Tower design apart from
- 00:15:03earlier skyscrapers breaking records was
- 00:15:06just an afterthought the decision to
- 00:15:09become the tallest building was not part
- 00:15:12of the initial program but as you
- 00:15:15started to build floors that were
- 00:15:17smaller than the 50,000 square-foot
- 00:15:20Sears floors you started to build
- 00:15:21smaller ones to attract tenants you
- 00:15:23started to push upward to encompass the
- 00:15:25three and a half million square feet
- 00:15:28soon the Skidmore Owings and Merrill
- 00:15:29team found themselves with the structure
- 00:15:32it was just flirting with a world record
- 00:15:34I went into a meeting with most of the
- 00:15:38Sears executives and the architects in
- 00:15:41which there were a number of cardboard
- 00:15:44models and then out of a bag Bruce who
- 00:15:46was the consummate salesman pulled out
- 00:15:48this walnut model and put it on the
- 00:15:51table and suggested that we were so
- 00:15:53close to the ultimate so close to the
- 00:15:56world's tallest building that we should
- 00:15:58consider going for the brass ring and
- 00:16:00the Sears executives almost broke into
- 00:16:06applause I mean they were smiles all
- 00:16:07around the table just a few weeks later
- 00:16:10on July 27th 1970 Sears management
- 00:16:14publicly unveiled the model for the
- 00:16:16Sears Tower
- 00:16:18a model for a building that would reach
- 00:16:20fourteen hundred and fifty feet into the
- 00:16:22sky the model the tallest building in
- 00:16:26the world the public was pretty excited
- 00:16:29about it
- 00:16:29and I think most most of the excitement
- 00:16:32came from the fact that we were one up
- 00:16:35on New York Chicago is the birthplace of
- 00:16:37the skyscrapers that always prided
- 00:16:39itself on its tall buildings and that
- 00:16:42tanda was stolen by New York the World
- 00:16:45Trade Center buildings were currently
- 00:16:46under construction in New York they had
- 00:16:49been designed to be the tallest in the
- 00:16:50world and now the competition was on in
- 00:16:55Chicago was poised to bring the title
- 00:16:57home
- 00:17:03Brown was broken in August of 1970
- 00:17:07we started almost immediately I didn't
- 00:17:10have finished working drugs I have
- 00:17:12finished working drawings close to the
- 00:17:15day that we would start that particular
- 00:17:18phase of the project so that the
- 00:17:19foundation drawings were finished before
- 00:17:21anything else and that's when we started
- 00:17:23with foundations by midwinter work on
- 00:17:27the foundation site was well underway
- 00:17:34the foundation plans called for a
- 00:17:36three-foot thick wall to be dug around
- 00:17:38the perimeter of the building site
- 00:17:41bentonite clay slurry an aqueous mixture
- 00:17:44of insoluble clay was poured into the
- 00:17:46excavation panels as they were done to
- 00:17:48prevent ground collapse and water
- 00:17:50infiltration the panels reached over
- 00:17:53five storeys into the ground the slurry
- 00:17:56was later displaced by concrete have
- 00:17:58pumped out of the foundation wall with a
- 00:18:02concrete foundation wall in place the
- 00:18:05entire site was then excavated to the
- 00:18:07depth of over 50 feet to complete the
- 00:18:11foundation 114 reinforced concrete
- 00:18:14caissons which varied in diameter from 6
- 00:18:16to 10 feet had to be dug an additional
- 00:18:1950 feet into the earth only the tallest
- 00:18:22buildings in Chicago are required to go
- 00:18:25down to bedrock because of the load and
- 00:18:27what these are they're drilled shafts
- 00:18:30that extend down to the rock there's a
- 00:18:34steel jacket and then they're filled
- 00:18:36with concrete and there's one of these
- 00:18:39located under each column
- 00:18:42five foot thick concrete matt was bored
- 00:18:44at the bottom of the excavation site
- 00:18:47this map tied all of the caissons
- 00:18:49together and became the bottom floor of
- 00:18:52the Sears Tower
- 00:18:54with the roots of the superstructure
- 00:18:55planted firmly in the ground the Sears
- 00:18:58Tower was ready to soar
- 00:19:02one of the architectural design ideas
- 00:19:04that was considered for the new sears
- 00:19:06headquarters was a large square building
- 00:19:08it was just 80 stories tall
- 00:19:10this shorted Stout design was referred
- 00:19:12to as the pig the Sears Tower will
- 00:19:16return on modern marvels by June 1971
- 00:19:22with the Sears Tower Foundation firmly
- 00:19:25in place the iron workers were called in
- 00:19:27to do what they do best build into the
- 00:19:30sky
- 00:19:34today these men still take pride in
- 00:19:36their contribution to the Chicago
- 00:19:38skyline mainly the ironwork design the
- 00:19:43Sears building with all members of
- 00:19:44Chicago Local Union number one but there
- 00:19:48are also iron workers came from all over
- 00:19:50the country who wanted the opportunity
- 00:19:53to work here and say have the bragging
- 00:19:55rights to say they worked on the tallest
- 00:19:57building
- 00:20:00their jobs were made a little easier in
- 00:20:03the interest of time and efficiency the
- 00:20:05columns and girders would be welded
- 00:20:07together off-site at the fabrication
- 00:20:09plant
- 00:20:12these prefabricated tree units were
- 00:20:14delivered to the site to be razed and
- 00:20:16bolted together the steel system was
- 00:20:20just wonderful I mean it went together
- 00:20:22as smoothness so the columns themselves
- 00:20:25had half of a girder attached to it so
- 00:20:30that you had the long column and then
- 00:20:32you had two floors of girders sticking
- 00:20:35out transporting the three units was no
- 00:20:39small task the largest width that could
- 00:20:42be transported through the streets of
- 00:20:43Chicago was ten feet this width was too
- 00:20:46narrow to be used effectively in the
- 00:20:48building the fabricators came up with an
- 00:20:52ingenious plan of skewing the units at a
- 00:20:5445 degree angle on specially modified
- 00:20:56trucks with the girders hanging just
- 00:20:58inches off the ground between the tires
- 00:21:03they could now increase the size of the
- 00:21:05units to 15 by 26 feet and still make
- 00:21:09the journey to the job site with little
- 00:21:10disruption to the city these units were
- 00:21:14brought directly from the fabrication
- 00:21:16shop they pulled up at the base of the
- 00:21:18building and these three units were
- 00:21:21directly lifted off the truck in a
- 00:21:23record immediately there was no storage
- 00:21:25on the site and the exercise was no more
- 00:21:28than putting together a whole series of
- 00:21:30tinker toys every piece was numbered and
- 00:21:33loaded on the truck at the right time so
- 00:21:35that it would be the next piece to go up
- 00:21:38on the building so it had to take a lot
- 00:21:41of coordination between the fabricators
- 00:21:44and shipping and the trucker's to make
- 00:21:47it all run smooth and everything had to
- 00:21:51stay in line
- 00:21:53that since the major work of welding the
- 00:21:55beams to the columns was done off-site
- 00:21:57the iron workers were able to easily
- 00:21:59accomplish an impressive two floors a
- 00:22:01week
- 00:22:03the razor gang sets to steal they put
- 00:22:06one pole turning the bolt up gang came
- 00:22:08up behind us stuck all the bowls in then
- 00:22:10the plumb up game comes in he they have
- 00:22:12an engineer with a trance and he
- 00:22:13straightened a building not cuz if they
- 00:22:14didn't if you go out this way in that
- 00:22:15way and then once they've got it all
- 00:22:17plumped they tighten it up with the
- 00:22:19impact manager then the welders take
- 00:22:21over and that's how the building's put
- 00:22:22up everybody has to work as a team but
- 00:22:26the project would not be without its
- 00:22:27share of mishaps one of the incidents
- 00:22:30that took place during the construction
- 00:22:32of the building we were erecting steel
- 00:22:34on about the 54th or 55th floor and it
- 00:22:39was about four thirty one afternoon and
- 00:22:41my phone rang and our field
- 00:22:45representative was on the other end and
- 00:22:47he said I think you better come out to
- 00:22:48the building right away something
- 00:22:50happened here
- 00:22:51the shiver the pulley down in the
- 00:22:54basement exploded and it cut the cable
- 00:22:56and it dropped out was it seven seven
- 00:23:00ton column 40 floors and the guys all
- 00:23:03heard that and they looked and they saw
- 00:23:05what happened and they all ran in and
- 00:23:08you got under the building and the
- 00:23:10column came down under the pedestrian
- 00:23:13walkway and some of the cable hit the
- 00:23:16taxicab out in the street
- 00:23:20the superintendent got a bunch of iron
- 00:23:22workers they've got that cab out of
- 00:23:24there and they got everything
- 00:23:26straightened out so that it wouldn't
- 00:23:28make a big scene for the news media it
- 00:23:31was right at 4:30 everybody was leaving
- 00:23:34work you know all the office we pass net
- 00:23:37for cab driver he had his hands on the
- 00:23:40wheel you I don't think we can get his
- 00:23:42fingers off the wheel because all cable
- 00:23:44attacked his cab and he's happened to be
- 00:23:45just sitting there in traffic and all of
- 00:23:47a sudden not fight escape
- 00:23:51they said the woman the passenger that
- 00:23:53was in the back seat wet her pants the
- 00:23:58amazing part of this story is no one was
- 00:24:00hurt no one was scratched the cable
- 00:24:03landed on the hood of a taxicab and that
- 00:24:05was the worst thing that happened
- 00:24:07other accidents later in the
- 00:24:09construction had more tragic results
- 00:24:12there were a total of six deaths on the
- 00:24:14entire project including the death of
- 00:24:16one iron worker by the summer of 1972
- 00:24:20with over half the building below them
- 00:24:22and hundreds of men working on the
- 00:24:23project it would take sharp planning and
- 00:24:26exemplary resourcefulness to keep the
- 00:24:28project on the fast track we needed the
- 00:24:31cooperation of the unions who would work
- 00:24:34on a staggered start staggered stopped
- 00:24:37staggered lunch you needed the
- 00:24:39cooperation of the men who were willing
- 00:24:41to take meals off of carts that we
- 00:24:44brought up into the building
- 00:24:46medical staff we had our own medical
- 00:24:49staff and First Aid officers throughout
- 00:24:51the building another methodology that
- 00:24:53was utilized kept the building on target
- 00:24:56from a timing standpoint otherwise if
- 00:24:59you'd taken you another day of floor you
- 00:25:01could see what the difference would have
- 00:25:03been with regard to the overall schedule
- 00:25:05the faster the ironworkers set the
- 00:25:08skeleton of the building the sooner the
- 00:25:10other trades could get in I believe you
- 00:25:13broke a lot of Records for tonnage set
- 00:25:15in one day I remember one day when we
- 00:25:19actually said over a hundred truckloads
- 00:25:22and one day they're from the top of the
- 00:25:25building if you looked south on to Canal
- 00:25:27Street the trucks were lined up because
- 00:25:30you couldn't lock them downtown streets
- 00:25:31it looked like Rommels Army in World War
- 00:25:33two Felina trucks and they'd come in
- 00:25:37then we'd unloaded oh that truck could
- 00:25:39go they called in another truck there
- 00:25:41was it was something I it's something
- 00:25:43I'll always remember as the building
- 00:25:46climbed the workers found themselves
- 00:25:48fighting the forces of Mother Nature and
- 00:25:50their struggle to claim their share of
- 00:25:51the sky
- 00:25:53they found that the wither at the top of
- 00:25:56the building could be drastically
- 00:25:57different from that on the ground in the
- 00:26:00morning that iron worker steward would
- 00:26:02go up early and check the weather on top
- 00:26:06the CF was fit to work and sometimes it
- 00:26:10would be nice down below and sun shining
- 00:26:13and not a lot of wind and a store would
- 00:26:16come down and say no work today boys
- 00:26:18it's a witness born too strong up there
- 00:26:21or it's maybe 20 degrees colder and it
- 00:26:26was actually too cold to work
- 00:26:29dozens of workdays were lost due to wind
- 00:26:32snow or temperatures below 10 degrees
- 00:26:35from August to December 1972 iron
- 00:26:39workers were unable to work a complete
- 00:26:41week yet even with the setbacks the
- 00:26:46structure continued on its journey to
- 00:26:48top the world during the whole process
- 00:26:51of building this we would get reports
- 00:26:54from New York that we're saying that
- 00:26:56they're going to add floors or a
- 00:26:57penthouse to one of the World Trade
- 00:27:00Center buildings and that building was
- 00:27:02going to surpass Sears in its height but
- 00:27:06that never happened and it was just a
- 00:27:07rumor
- 00:27:09and fittingly on an abnormally cold and
- 00:27:12windy day may 3rd 1973 the building was
- 00:27:16ceremoniously topped off the tapping out
- 00:27:21ceremony involved the man mayor Daly who
- 00:27:24was like God in Chicago and all of the
- 00:27:26top Sears executives we have some
- 00:27:28Congress people's show business people
- 00:27:30it was a very big ceremony because this
- 00:27:33was the largest building in the world
- 00:27:34and the mayor was very proud of it Sears
- 00:27:37was very proud of it and it was a big
- 00:27:39deal but center stage in the ceremony
- 00:27:42was the final beam painted white and
- 00:27:45signed by over 15,000 Sears employees
- 00:27:48and construction workers the final beam
- 00:27:51was hoisted up the building
- 00:27:55I happen to be running the engine that
- 00:27:57day and then when I got to 76 lark
- 00:28:00burger well I'm in control so I put the
- 00:28:03brake on stopped it
- 00:28:05yeah what out there and it took a
- 00:28:06picture of the beam got back into
- 00:28:08cabbage raised it up again back to the
- 00:28:11top
- 00:28:14the job of the ironworkers was completed
- 00:28:16and the skeleton of the sears tower
- 00:28:18stood company fourteen hundred and fifty
- 00:28:21feet into the sky
- 00:28:25I believe it was said that there was
- 00:28:27well over a thousand construction
- 00:28:28workers on the job at one time all
- 00:28:31working at the different trades that's
- 00:28:33how large of a scope of this project was
- 00:28:36the town was now standing but it was far
- 00:28:41from complete
- 00:28:45the Sears Tower is not perfectly
- 00:28:47vertical the building leans six inches
- 00:28:50to the west this anticipated lien was
- 00:28:52caused by the unbalanced distribution of
- 00:28:54weight resulting from the asymmetrical
- 00:28:56design the Sears Tower will return on
- 00:28:59modern marvels as the skeleton of the
- 00:29:05Sears Tower climbed skyward legions of
- 00:29:08tradesmen waited in the wings for their
- 00:29:10turn with the building there's a
- 00:29:12positive side to the higher building and
- 00:29:14the larger project the top people at all
- 00:29:18of the companies working on the project
- 00:29:20were assigned to this particular project
- 00:29:22I was dealing with the chairman of Alcoa
- 00:29:26I was dealing with the president and
- 00:29:28chairman of American bridge every every
- 00:29:32contractor was was the top executive or
- 00:29:35chief operating officer of the
- 00:29:37organization and we wanted to get
- 00:29:39something done we could get it done
- 00:29:43following on the heels of the
- 00:29:45ironworkers work began on the floors in
- 00:29:49a tubular or a bundle tube structure
- 00:29:52it's important to distribute the loads
- 00:29:55the gravity loads from the building the
- 00:29:57dead load of the floor system and the
- 00:29:59people the live load of the people to
- 00:30:02distribute it as equally as you can
- 00:30:04throughout the structure so the idea was
- 00:30:06every 5 floors
- 00:30:08rotate the framing 90 degrees so it
- 00:30:11would be in the north-south direction
- 00:30:12for five floors and then it would switch
- 00:30:14to the east-west direction for another
- 00:30:16five floors the lower floors enclosed
- 00:30:20just over 50 thousand square feet of
- 00:30:22space a little more than the size of a
- 00:30:25football field
- 00:30:27the florist sizes were diminished at the
- 00:30:2850th floor in the 66th floor and at the
- 00:30:3590th floor leaving the top floors over
- 00:30:3875% smaller than the ground floors at
- 00:30:41only twelve thousand two hundred and
- 00:30:42eighty-three square feet
- 00:30:46five sets of two-story tall floors were
- 00:30:48strategically placed throughout the
- 00:30:50building they were included for two
- 00:30:52reasons to house the immense mechanical
- 00:30:55systems and to provide additional
- 00:30:57integrity to the structure structurally
- 00:31:00we found that we could take a lot of
- 00:31:03advantage of those double-height floors
- 00:31:06by x-bracing between the columns and it
- 00:31:10acted like a stiffening element as you
- 00:31:13went up the building solved by using a
- 00:31:15very small amount of structural steel
- 00:31:17for these diagonals we were able to
- 00:31:19reduce the lateral drift due to wind by
- 00:31:23about 15% which is very significant next
- 00:31:28the steel superstructure was coated with
- 00:31:30fire retardant we didn't use asbestos
- 00:31:33based fire proofing even though we could
- 00:31:35have and it was cheaper decision was
- 00:31:37made that asbestos could potentially
- 00:31:40cause cancer let's not use a specialist
- 00:31:43in this building so we didn't and that
- 00:31:45was a very prudent decision as it turned
- 00:31:47out it was now time to put a skin on a
- 00:31:50structural steel architect Bruce Graham
- 00:31:54had envisioned a sleek black building
- 00:31:56made of anodized aluminum the price for
- 00:31:59the aluminum curtain wall was way over
- 00:32:02budget I mean big percentage marks over
- 00:32:06the budget
- 00:32:07Grahame reluctantly looked into other
- 00:32:09options an Italian stone supplier
- 00:32:12approached the project team about using
- 00:32:13granite for the outer wall which the
- 00:32:16company could offer at an economical
- 00:32:17price
- 00:32:19Bruce and I went over to Rome and we
- 00:32:22verified on that basis in the meantime I
- 00:32:27was hearing from my New York office that
- 00:32:29there were calls coming through from the
- 00:32:32aluminum suppliers asking what Richard
- 00:32:35and Bruce were doing in Italy and
- 00:32:38mystically when we returned to the
- 00:32:40United States there were new aluminum
- 00:32:43prices that that showed up that were
- 00:32:46quite a bit less than the the granite
- 00:32:49wall and that's why the building is
- 00:32:51aluminum today and and not granted with
- 00:32:56the aluminum secured bronze tinted
- 00:32:58windows were chosen to accent the sleek
- 00:33:00black facade over 16,000 windows were
- 00:33:06installed to complete the exterior as
- 00:33:10crews worked feverishly to stay on
- 00:33:12schedule engineers had to come up with
- 00:33:15an efficient way to transport the
- 00:33:16thousands of future tenants and visitors
- 00:33:18to the top of the world
- 00:33:21the building contains 104 elevators
- 00:33:24including 14 double deckers these
- 00:33:27double-decker elevators carry passengers
- 00:33:29to the sky lobbies on the 33rd and 34th
- 00:33:32floors and the 66th and 67th floors
- 00:33:35where they can transfer to local
- 00:33:38elevators due to its sheer size the
- 00:33:42tower had some other extraordinary
- 00:33:43problems that needed to be addressed the
- 00:33:46unique phenomenon in super tall
- 00:33:48buildings is stack effect essentially
- 00:33:50hot air rises and is replaced by cooler
- 00:33:54air from the outside of the building the
- 00:33:56profound difference in temperature
- 00:33:58causes air on the ground floor to be
- 00:34:00sucked into the building creating a
- 00:34:02massive draft the interior air in the
- 00:34:05building in the wintertime is heated the
- 00:34:09exterior air is very cold and therefore
- 00:34:12that the warmer air in the building
- 00:34:14begins to rise
- 00:34:15besides being unpleasant the draught
- 00:34:18affects many of the operational systems
- 00:34:20in the building
- 00:34:21such as the elevators and the entrance
- 00:34:23doors to minimize the problem the lobby
- 00:34:26was designed with revolving doors an
- 00:34:29integrated air lock system was
- 00:34:31incorporated at the loading docks to
- 00:34:33control the amount of air coming in at
- 00:34:35the ground floor
- 00:34:37as you bring in material from the
- 00:34:39loading dock one set of doors open you
- 00:34:42move the material into the airlock that
- 00:34:44set of doors closes then the second set
- 00:34:47of doors open on the interior of the
- 00:34:49building and you can move the goods into
- 00:34:51the building so there's never a
- 00:34:53continuous path of open air leading into
- 00:34:58the building it's always sealed with the
- 00:35:01smallest of details secured and of all
- 00:35:03of 1974 just three and a half years
- 00:35:06after construction began the Sears Tower
- 00:35:08was complete the key words are my
- 00:35:12business on time and on budget and we
- 00:35:15were under on each by a very small
- 00:35:17margin but the building was right on it
- 00:35:20was incredible that it could be done
- 00:35:23this was without computers and the
- 00:35:28sketch would work very well
- 00:35:30Sears Roebuck and Company could finally
- 00:35:33inhabit their new home
- 00:35:35however their days in their new
- 00:35:37state-of-the-art headquarters were
- 00:35:39numbered the Sears Tower contains two
- 00:35:45million cubic feet of concrete enough to
- 00:35:47build an eight-lane freeway five miles
- 00:35:49long the Sears Tower will return on
- 00:35:52modern marvels
- 00:35:58by 1974 the world's largest or Sears
- 00:36:03Roebuck and Company was now
- 00:36:05headquartered in the world's tallest
- 00:36:06building approximately 40 percent of the
- 00:36:09building was occupied by about 8,000
- 00:36:12Sears workers ahead of its time it was
- 00:36:16one of the first office spaces with
- 00:36:18robotic mail carriers buzzing through
- 00:36:20the halls and to contemporary interior
- 00:36:23that was scientifically designed to be
- 00:36:25the most efficient workplace ever we
- 00:36:28thought we did a marvelous job of
- 00:36:32locating departments that needed to be
- 00:36:35near each other next to each other with
- 00:36:39huge 50,000 square-foot floors
- 00:36:41departments were defined with specific
- 00:36:43color schemes and interchangeable
- 00:36:45furniture but despite the best
- 00:36:48intentions of the interior designers and
- 00:36:50the planning committee there were
- 00:36:52problems some floors were so large that
- 00:36:55some employees never had an opportunity
- 00:36:57to look out a window
- 00:36:59and moving from the horizontal sprawl of
- 00:37:02the great works to the vertical
- 00:37:04skyscraper of the Sears Tower was a
- 00:37:07major adjustment for Sears employees
- 00:37:09some 30 and 40 year long friendships
- 00:37:12ended because of the upright
- 00:37:13configuration of the tower some
- 00:37:16employees only saw people who wrote in
- 00:37:18their elevators
- 00:37:19I'd talked to people who worked in the
- 00:37:22Sears Tower and that's one of the things
- 00:37:23that they had mentioned to me
- 00:37:24consistently was that you know they sort
- 00:37:26of lost track of other people in the
- 00:37:28company being in the tower because
- 00:37:29nobody had hop over two different
- 00:37:31elevator banks to get to another floor
- 00:37:33employees lost touch with each other and
- 00:37:35more ominously the company started
- 00:37:39losing touch with its customers other
- 00:37:41retailers were nipping at our heels all
- 00:37:43the time and Kmart got bigger than Sears
- 00:37:46and Walmart got bigger than Sears so by
- 00:37:49the time we were moving in we were still
- 00:37:51number one but while these guys are
- 00:37:52right behind us based on projected
- 00:37:55growth figures by 1998 Sears would
- 00:37:58occupy all 110 floors until then tenants
- 00:38:03would fill the upper floors the growth
- 00:38:05that we had seen did not occur it never
- 00:38:08occurred we never got much beyond two
- 00:38:10million square feet what they do is at
- 00:38:11least the extra floors out and so just
- 00:38:14brought a lot of new businesses and
- 00:38:15firms and and economic activity to the
- 00:38:18Chicago area so that the Sears Tower
- 00:38:20really had a dramatic impact the one
- 00:38:22seedy areas surrounding the Sears Tower
- 00:38:24was now booming
- 00:38:26but Sears the retailer was not in 1988
- 00:38:31the Sears Tower that was built for a
- 00:38:33hundred and seventy five million dollars
- 00:38:35in 1974 was put on the market a 1
- 00:38:39billion dollars people thought the
- 00:38:42series was too big for anybody ever to
- 00:38:44try to buy to strip them of their assets
- 00:38:46but then came the r.j. Reynolds and a
- 00:38:48couple of other major buys people put
- 00:38:51together deals with junk bonds and a lot
- 00:38:53of other financing so that it now became
- 00:38:56possible that somebody would buy Sears
- 00:38:58and strip off the tower and some other
- 00:39:01assets
- 00:39:01therefore the Sears Board decided let's
- 00:39:05sell the tower and take the money and
- 00:39:07buy some of our stock back let's put it
- 00:39:09into improving the stores after only 16
- 00:39:12years in their custom-made headquarters
- 00:39:14Sears moved out of the tower and into a
- 00:39:17complex in the Chicago suburbs
- 00:39:22with Sears leaving almost the first 50
- 00:39:25floors empty the new owners made a
- 00:39:28series of renovations to attract new
- 00:39:29tenants in 1991 Sears sold a building
- 00:39:34and moved out the building was no longer
- 00:39:36a corporate headquarters building it was
- 00:39:38a leased building it would be Leon 100%
- 00:39:41leased to tenants and it became
- 00:39:45important now that you could directly
- 00:39:48access the elevators from the lobby the
- 00:39:52elevator system was revised when the
- 00:39:55entire Lobby was redesigned some of the
- 00:39:58utilitarian travertine and plastic
- 00:40:00laminate that Sears it installed
- 00:40:02initially was replaced with stainless
- 00:40:04steel and granite and also a much more
- 00:40:09obvious entry to the Skydeck was
- 00:40:11provided to try and encourage that
- 00:40:13business which is a very profitable part
- 00:40:16of the operation of the building but the
- 00:40:19lobbies went through yet another
- 00:40:20transformation after terrorists attacked
- 00:40:24the World Trade Center towers in New
- 00:40:25York City on September 11th 2001
- 00:40:28our security after 9/11 has changed
- 00:40:33dramatically we have responded with
- 00:40:35upgrading our security because our
- 00:40:37tenants you know needed to have a sense
- 00:40:40of comfort
- 00:40:42well the fancy security features that
- 00:40:45you have here are a lot of x-ray
- 00:40:47machines metal detectors and that's
- 00:40:48really for the safety of the people it
- 00:40:50doesn't diminish from what we do as for
- 00:40:53the friendly proactive attitude we have
- 00:40:55but it does give people a sense of when
- 00:40:57they walk into the Sears Tower we are
- 00:40:59secure
- 00:41:01employees now gain access to their
- 00:41:03elevator banks with a sophisticated card
- 00:41:05access system which opens sliding glass
- 00:41:08gates while improvements to the lobbies
- 00:41:12were made through the years the roof had
- 00:41:15its own additions Sears Tower was
- 00:41:19upgraded in 2000 with four
- 00:41:20high-definition digital television
- 00:41:22combination antennas an air crane was
- 00:41:28used to lift the load from the top of
- 00:41:29the parking garage skyward about 1/4
- 00:41:32mile
- 00:41:36being the highest point in the Chicago
- 00:41:39metropolitan area and allowing reception
- 00:41:41that reaches a 60 to 80 mile radius the
- 00:41:44top of the Sears Tower has always been
- 00:41:46prime real estate the Sears building is
- 00:41:50very unique in its design because it's
- 00:41:52so big it's you know it's called
- 00:41:54vertical real estate and when you're in
- 00:41:56an area like this anybody that has a
- 00:41:59broadcast system or a two-way system or
- 00:42:02any kind of an RF where they want a
- 00:42:04wireless system put in its the Sears
- 00:42:07building was built with that in mind
- 00:42:09so they capitalize on it years ago when
- 00:42:14the Sears Tower and Petronas Towers in
- 00:42:16Malaysia competed for the tallest
- 00:42:18building in the world title the Sears
- 00:42:21Tower antennas arguably put the Sears
- 00:42:23Tower on top however in 2004 a
- 00:42:28skyscraper in Taiwan was erected and
- 00:42:30captured all the record titles well
- 00:42:34almost all the Taipei 101 building is
- 00:42:38certainly considered now the tallest
- 00:42:40building in the world it is taller than
- 00:42:42the Sears Tower
- 00:42:44you know roofline I think by about 30
- 00:42:47feet if I'm not mistaken so we will give
- 00:42:50them credit for that as far as our
- 00:42:52antenna so we still have the tallest
- 00:42:53antennas in the world and those extend
- 00:42:57287 feet above the roofline but with or
- 00:43:01without the antennas the Sears Tower
- 00:43:03retains the name of the company that
- 00:43:05dreamt big enough to build it and
- 00:43:07remains a triumph for the people who
- 00:43:09worked on it
- 00:43:10work in it it's great when I can look
- 00:43:13out from 10 miles away and see a Sears
- 00:43:17Tower standing so tall and it's great to
- 00:43:20feel that you were a part of it
- 00:43:24what makes this how would it is is the
- 00:43:27actual character of the building itself
- 00:43:29I'm here look at me I stand above
- 00:43:33everything else it's not there it's
- 00:43:35become a symbol of Chicago almost any
- 00:43:37time you see a picture of Chicago you
- 00:43:39might see the Hancock building but for
- 00:43:41sure you're going to see the Sears Tower
- 00:43:43still it's the tallest building in North
- 00:43:46America and we can't lose sight of them
- Sears Tower
- Willis Tower
- Skyscraper
- Architecture
- Chicago
- Structural Engineering
- Observation Deck
- World's Tallest Building