00:00:12
I was excited to be a part
of the "Dream" theme,
00:00:17
and then I found out I'm leading off
the "Nightmare?" section of it.
00:00:20
(Laughter)
00:00:23
And certainly there are things
about the climate crisis that qualify.
00:00:28
And I have some bad news,
00:00:30
but I have a lot more good news.
00:00:32
I'm going to propose three questions
00:00:36
and the answer to the first one
00:00:39
necessarily involves a little bad news.
00:00:41
But -- hang on, because the answers
to the second and third questions
00:00:46
really are very positive.
00:00:49
So the first question is,
"Do we really have to change?"
00:00:54
And of course, the Apollo Mission,
among other things
00:00:59
changed the environmental movement,
00:01:01
really launched the modern
environmental movement.
00:01:04
18 months after this Earthrise picture
was first seen on earth,
00:01:08
the first Earth Day was organized.
00:01:11
And we learned a lot about ourselves
00:01:14
looking back at our planet from space.
00:01:17
And one of the things that we learned
00:01:19
confirmed what the scientists
have long told us.
00:01:21
One of the most essential facts
00:01:23
about the climate crisis
has to do with the sky.
00:01:26
As this picture illustrates,
00:01:28
the sky is not the vast
and limitless expanse
00:01:31
that appears when we look up
from the ground.
00:01:34
It is a very thin shell of atmosphere
00:01:38
surrounding the planet.
00:01:40
That right now is the open sewer
for our industrial civilization
00:01:45
as it's currently organized.
00:01:47
We are spewing 110 million tons
00:01:51
of heat-trapping global warming pollution
into it every 24 hours,
00:01:56
free of charge, go ahead.
00:01:58
And there are many sources
of the greenhouse gases,
00:02:01
I'm certainly not going
to go through them all.
00:02:03
I'm going to focus on the main one,
00:02:05
but agriculture is involved,
diet is involved, population is involved.
00:02:09
Management of forests, transportation,
00:02:11
the oceans, the melting of the permafrost.
00:02:14
But I'm going to focus
on the heart of the problem,
00:02:16
which is the fact that we still rely
on dirty, carbon-based fuels
00:02:21
for 85 percent of all the energy
that our world burns every year.
00:02:27
And you can see from this image
that after World War II,
00:02:31
the emission rates
started really accelerating.
00:02:34
And the accumulated amount
of man-made, global warming pollution
00:02:37
that is up in the atmosphere now
00:02:39
traps as much extra heat energy
as would be released
00:02:43
by 400,000 Hiroshima-class
atomic bombs exploding
00:02:48
every 24 hours, 365 days a year.
00:02:52
Fact-checked over and over again,
00:02:54
conservative, it's the truth.
00:02:56
Now it's a big planet, but --
00:02:59
(Explosion sound)
00:03:01
that is a lot of energy,
00:03:02
particularly when you multiply it
400,000 times per day.
00:03:08
And all that extra heat energy
00:03:10
is heating up the atmosphere,
the whole earth system.
00:03:13
Let's look at the atmosphere.
00:03:15
This is a depiction
00:03:16
of what we used to think of as
the normal distribution of temperatures.
00:03:22
The white represents
normal temperature days;
00:03:25
1951-1980 are arbitrarily chosen.
00:03:28
The blue are cooler than average days,
00:03:30
the red are warmer than average days.
00:03:32
But the entire curve has moved
to the right in the 1980s.
00:03:36
And you'll see
in the lower right-hand corner
00:03:38
the appearance of statistically
significant numbers
00:03:41
of extremely hot days.
00:03:42
In the 90s, the curve shifted further.
00:03:44
And in the last 10 years,
you see the extremely hot days
00:03:48
are now more numerous
than the cooler than average days.
00:03:52
In fact, they are 150 times more common
on the surface of the earth
00:03:57
than they were just 30 years ago.
00:04:01
So we're having
record-breaking temperatures.
00:04:04
Fourteen of the 15 of the hottest years
ever measured with instruments
00:04:08
have been in this young century.
00:04:09
The hottest of all was last year.
00:04:12
Last month was the 371st month in a row
00:04:15
warmer than the 20th-century average.
00:04:17
And for the first time,
not only the warmest January,
00:04:21
but for the first time, it was more
than two degrees Fahrenheit warmer
00:04:26
than the average.
00:04:28
These higher temperatures
are having an effect on animals,
00:04:32
plants, people, ecosystems.
00:04:35
But on a global basis, 93 percent
of all the extra heat energy
00:04:40
is trapped in the oceans.
00:04:42
And the scientists can measure
the heat buildup
00:04:44
much more precisely now
00:04:45
at all depths: deep, mid-ocean,
00:04:47
the first few hundred meters.
00:04:49
And this, too, is accelerating.
00:04:52
It goes back more than a century.
00:04:54
And more than half of the increase
has been in the last 19 years.
00:04:58
This has consequences.
00:04:59
The first order of consequence:
00:05:01
the ocean-based storms get stronger.
00:05:03
Super Typhoon Haiyan
went over areas of the Pacific
00:05:06
five and a half degrees Fahrenheit
warmer than normal
00:05:09
before it slammed into Tacloban,
00:05:11
as the most destructive storm
ever to make landfall.
00:05:15
Pope Francis, who has made
such a difference to this whole issue,
00:05:20
visited Tacloban right after that.
00:05:22
Superstorm Sandy went over
areas of the Atlantic
00:05:25
nine degrees warmer than normal
00:05:27
before slamming into
New York and New Jersey.
00:05:31
The second order of consequences
are affecting all of us right now.
00:05:35
The warmer oceans are evaporating
much more water vapor into the skies.
00:05:40
Average humidity worldwide
has gone up four percent.
00:05:44
And it creates these atmospheric rivers.
00:05:47
The Brazilian scientists
call them "flying rivers."
00:05:50
And they funnel all of that
extra water vapor over the land
00:05:55
where storm conditions trigger
these massive record-breaking downpours.
00:06:00
This is from Montana.
00:06:03
Take a look at this storm last August.
00:06:05
As it moves over Tucson, Arizona.
00:06:08
It literally splashes off the city.
00:06:11
These downpours are really unusual.
00:06:15
Last July in Houston, Texas,
00:06:18
it rained for two days,
162 billion gallons.
00:06:21
That represents more than two days
of the full flow of Niagara Falls
00:06:25
in the middle of the city,
00:06:26
which was, of course, paralyzed.
00:06:28
These record downpours are creating
historic floods and mudslides.
00:06:32
This one is from Chile last year.
00:06:37
And you'll see that warehouse going by.
00:06:40
There are oil tankers cars going by.
00:06:42
This is from Spain last September,
00:06:44
you could call this the running
of the cars and trucks, I guess.
00:06:49
Every night on the TV news now
is like a nature hike
00:06:52
through the Book of Revelation.
00:06:54
(Laughter)
00:06:56
I mean, really.
00:06:59
The insurance industry
has certainly noticed,
00:07:01
the losses have been mounting up.
00:07:03
They're not under any illusions
about what's happening.
00:07:07
And the causality requires
a moment of discussion.
00:07:13
We're used to thinking of linear cause
and linear effect --
00:07:16
one cause, one effect.
00:07:17
This is systemic causation.
00:07:21
As the great Kevin Trenberth says,
00:07:23
"All storms are different now.
00:07:24
There's so much extra energy
in the atmosphere,
00:07:27
there's so much extra water vapor.
00:07:28
Every storm is different now."
00:07:31
So, the same extra heat pulls
the soil moisture out of the ground
00:07:36
and causes these deeper, longer,
more pervasive droughts
00:07:40
and many of them are underway right now.
00:07:42
It dries out the vegetation
00:07:44
and causes more fires
in the western part of North America.
00:07:47
There's certainly been evidence
of that, a lot of them.
00:07:51
More lightning,
00:07:52
as the heat energy builds up,
there's a considerable amount
00:07:55
of additional lightning also.
00:07:58
These climate-related disasters also have
geopolitical consequences
00:08:05
and create instability.
00:08:07
The climate-related historic drought
that started in Syria in 2006
00:08:12
destroyed 60 percent
of the farms in Syria,
00:08:15
killed 80 percent of the livestock,
00:08:18
and drove 1.5 million climate refugees
into the cities of Syria,
00:08:22
where they collided with another
1.5 million refugees
00:08:25
from the Iraq War.
00:08:27
And along with other factors,
that opened the gates of Hell
00:08:32
that people are trying to close now.
00:08:35
The US Defense Department has long warned
00:08:37
of consequences from the climate crisis,
00:08:40
including refugees,
food and water shortages
00:08:44
and pandemic disease.
00:08:46
Right now we're seeing microbial diseases
from the tropics spread
00:08:51
to the higher latitudes;
00:08:52
the transportation revolution has had
a lot to do with this.
00:08:56
But the changing conditions
change the latitudes and the areas
00:09:00
where these microbial diseases
can become endemic
00:09:03
and change the range of the vectors,
like mosquitoes and ticks that carry them.
00:09:08
The Zika epidemic now --
00:09:12
we're better positioned in North America
00:09:14
because it's still a little too cool
and we have a better public health system.
00:09:18
But when women in some regions
of South and Central America
00:09:23
are advised not to get pregnant
for two years --
00:09:25
that's something new,
that ought to get our attention.
00:09:29
The Lancet, one of the two greatest
medical journals in the world,
00:09:33
last summer labeled this
a medical emergency now.
00:09:37
And there are many factors because of it.
00:09:40
This is also connected
to the extinction crisis.
00:09:42
We're in danger of losing 50 percent
of all the living species on earth
00:09:46
by the end of this century.
00:09:47
And already, land-based plants and animals
00:09:50
are now moving towards the poles
00:09:52
at an average rate of 15 feet per day.
00:09:56
Speaking of the North Pole,
00:09:57
last December 29, the same storm
that caused historic flooding
00:10:03
in the American Midwest,
00:10:04
raised temperatures at the North Pole
00:10:07
50 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than normal,
00:10:09
causing the thawing of the North Pole
00:10:12
in the middle of the long,
dark, winter, polar night.
00:10:16
And when the land-based ice
of the Arctic melts,
00:10:20
it raises sea level.
00:10:22
Paul Nicklen's beautiful photograph
from Svalbard illustrates this.
00:10:26
It's more dangerous coming off Greenland
00:10:28
and particularly, Antarctica.
00:10:30
The 10 largest risk cities
for sea-level rise by population
00:10:35
are mostly in South and Southeast Asia.
00:10:37
When you measure it by assets at risk,
number one is Miami:
00:10:42
three and a half trillion dollars at risk.
00:10:44
Number three: New York and Newark.
00:10:46
I was in Miami last fall
during the supermoon,
00:10:49
one of the highest high-tide days.
00:10:52
And there were fish from the ocean
swimming in some of the streets
00:10:56
of Miami Beach and Fort Lauderdale
00:10:58
and Del Rey.
00:10:59
And this happens regularly
during the highest-tide tides now.
00:11:02
Not with rain -- they call it
"sunny-day flooding."
00:11:05
It comes up through the storm sewers.
00:11:09
And the Mayor of Miami
speaks for many when he says
00:11:14
it is long past time this can be viewed
through a partisan lens.
00:11:18
This is a crisis
that's getting worse day by day.
00:11:21
We have to move beyond partisanship.
00:11:23
And I want to take a moment
to honor these House Republicans --
00:11:27
(Applause)
00:11:28
who had the courage last fall
00:11:30
to step out and take a political risk,
00:11:35
by telling the truth
about the climate crisis.
00:11:38
So the cost of the climate
crisis is mounting up,
00:11:41
there are many of these aspects
I haven't even mentioned.
00:11:45
It's an enormous burden.
00:11:47
I'll mention just one more,
00:11:48
because the World Economic Forum
last month in Davos,
00:11:53
after their annual survey
of 750 economists,
00:11:56
said the climate crisis is now
the number one risk
00:11:59
to the global economy.
00:12:01
So you get central bankers
00:12:02
like Mark Carney, the head
of the UK Central Bank,
00:12:05
saying the vast majority
of the carbon reserves are unburnable.
00:12:09
Subprime carbon.
00:12:11
I'm not going to remind you what happened
with subprime mortgages,
00:12:14
but it's the same thing.
00:12:16
If you look at all of the carbon fuels
that were burned
00:12:18
since the beginning
of the industrial revolution,
00:12:21
this is the quantity burned
in the last 16 years.
00:12:25
Here are all the ones that are proven
and left on the books,
00:12:28
28 trillion dollars.
00:12:30
The International Energy Agency
says only this amount can be burned.
00:12:34
So the rest, 22 trillion dollars --
00:12:37
unburnable.
00:12:39
Risk to the global economy.
00:12:41
That's why divestment movement
makes practical sense
00:12:44
and is not just a moral imperative.
00:12:47
So the answer to the first question,
"Must we change?"
00:12:51
is yes, we have to change.
00:12:53
Second question, "Can we change?"
00:12:55
This is the exciting news!
00:12:57
The best projections
in the world 16 years ago
00:13:01
were that by 2010, the world
would be able to install
00:13:05
30 gigawatts of wind capacity.
00:13:07
We beat that mark
by 14 and a half times over.
00:13:12
We see an exponential curve
for wind installations now.
00:13:16
We see the cost coming down dramatically.
00:13:19
Some countries -- take Germany,
an industrial powerhouse
00:13:22
with a climate not that different
from Vancouver's, by the way --
00:13:26
one day last December,
00:13:28
got 81 percent of all its energy
from renewable resources,
00:13:31
mainly solar and wind.
00:13:33
A lot of countries are getting
more than half on an average basis.
00:13:36
More good news:
00:13:37
energy storage,
from batteries particularly,
00:13:40
is now beginning to take off
00:13:42
because the cost has been
coming down very dramatically
00:13:46
to solve the intermittency problem.
00:13:47
With solar, the news is even
more exciting!
00:13:50
The best projections 14 years ago
were that we would install
00:13:53
one gigawatt per year by 2010.
00:13:56
When 2010 came around,
we beat that mark by 17 times over.
00:14:01
Last year, we beat it by 58 times over.
00:14:04
This year, we're on track
to beat it 68 times over.
00:14:07
We're going to win this.
00:14:09
We are going to prevail.
00:14:10
The exponential curve on solar
is even steeper and more dramatic.
00:14:14
When I came to this stage 10 years ago,
00:14:16
this is where it was.
00:14:18
We have seen a revolutionary breakthrough
00:14:22
in the emergence
of these exponential curves.
00:14:25
(Applause)
00:14:28
And the cost has come down
10 percent per year
00:14:32
for 30 years.
00:14:33
And it's continuing to come down.
00:14:36
Now, the business community
has certainly noticed this,
00:14:38
because it's crossing
the grid parity point.
00:14:41
Cheaper solar penetration rates
are beginning to rise.
00:14:44
Grid parity is understood
as that line, that threshold,
00:14:48
below which renewable electricity
is cheaper than electricity
00:14:52
from burning fossil fuels.
00:14:54
That threshold is a little bit
like the difference
00:14:57
between 32 degrees Fahrenheit
and 33 degrees Fahrenheit,
00:15:01
or zero and one Celsius.
00:15:03
It's a difference of more than one degree,
00:15:05
it's the difference between ice and water.
00:15:07
And it's the difference between markets
that are frozen up,
00:15:11
and liquid flows of capital
into new opportunities for investment.
00:15:16
This is the biggest
new business opportunity
00:15:19
in the history of the world,
00:15:21
and two-thirds of it
is in the private sector.
00:15:24
We are seeing an explosion
of new investment.
00:15:28
Starting in 2010, investments globally
in renewable electricity generation
00:15:33
surpassed fossils.
00:15:35
The gap has been growing ever since.
00:15:37
The projections for the future
are even more dramatic,
00:15:40
even though fossil energy
is now still subsidized
00:15:44
at a rate 40 times larger than renewables.
00:15:47
And by the way, if you add
the projections for nuclear on here,
00:15:51
particularly if you assume
that the work many are doing
00:15:54
to try to break through to safer
and more acceptable,
00:15:57
more affordable forms of nuclear,
00:15:58
this could change even more dramatically.
00:16:01
So is there any precedent
for such a rapid adoption
00:16:04
of a new technology?
00:16:06
Well, there are many,
but let's look at cell phones.
00:16:09
In 1980, AT&T, then Ma Bell,
00:16:12
commissioned McKinsey to do
a global market survey
00:16:14
of those clunky new mobile phones
that appeared then.
00:16:18
"How many can we sell
by the year 2000?" they asked.
00:16:21
McKinsey came back and said, "900,000."
00:16:24
And sure enough,
when the year 2000 arrived,
00:16:26
they did sell 900,000 --
in the first three days.
00:16:29
And for the balance of the year,
they sold 120 times more.
00:16:33
And now there are more cell connections
than there are people in the world.
00:16:37
So, why were they not only wrong,
but way wrong?
00:16:41
I've asked that question myself, "Why?"
00:16:44
(Laughter)
00:16:45
And I think the answer is in three parts.
00:16:48
First, the cost came down much faster
than anybody expected,
00:16:51
even as the quality went up.
00:16:54
And low-income countries, places
that did not have a landline grid --
00:16:58
they leap-frogged to the new technology.
00:17:00
The big expansion has been
in the developing counties.
00:17:03
So what about the electricity grids
in the developing world?
00:17:07
Well, not so hot.
00:17:09
And in many areas, they don't exist.
00:17:11
There are more people
without any electricity at all in India
00:17:14
than the entire population
of the United States of America.
00:17:17
So now we're getting this:
00:17:19
solar panels on grass huts
00:17:21
and new business models
that make it affordable.
00:17:24
Muhammad Yunus financed
this one in Bangladesh with micro-credit.
00:17:29
This is a village market.
00:17:30
Bangladesh is now the fastest-deploying
country in the world:
00:17:33
two systems per minute
on average, night and day.
00:17:36
And we have all we need:
00:17:37
enough energy from the Sun
comes to the earth
00:17:39
every hour to supply the full world's
energy needs for an entire year.
00:17:45
It's actually a little bit
less than an hour.
00:17:47
So the answer to the second question,
"Can we change?"
00:17:50
is clearly "Yes."
00:17:52
And it's an ever-firmer "yes."
00:17:55
Last question, "Will we change?"
00:17:58
Paris really was a breakthrough,
00:18:00
some of the provisions are binding
00:18:01
and the regular reviews will matter a lot.
00:18:03
But nations aren't waiting,
they're going ahead.
00:18:06
China has already announced
that starting next year,
00:18:08
they're adopting a nationwide
cap and trade system.
00:18:11
They will likely link up
with the European Union.
00:18:14
The United States
has already been changing.
00:18:17
All of these coal plants were proposed
00:18:19
in the next 10 years and canceled.
00:18:21
All of these existing
coal plants were retired.
00:18:24
All of these coal plants have had
their retirement announced.
00:18:27
All of them -- canceled.
00:18:30
We are moving forward.
00:18:31
Last year -- if you look at
all of the investment
00:18:34
in new electricity generation
in the United States,
00:18:37
almost three-quarters
was from renewable energy,
00:18:39
mostly wind and solar.
00:18:42
We are solving this crisis.
00:18:45
The only question is:
how long will it take to get there?
00:18:50
So, it matters that a lot
of people are organizing
00:18:55
to insist on this change.
00:18:57
Almost 400,000 people
marched in New York City
00:19:01
before the UN special session on this.
00:19:04
Many thousands, tens of thousands,
00:19:06
marched in cities around the world.
00:19:08
And so, I am extremely optimistic.
00:19:13
As I said before,
we are going to win this.
00:19:15
I'll finish with this story.
00:19:18
When I was 13 years old,
00:19:20
I heard that proposal by President Kennedy
00:19:24
to land a person on the Moon
and bring him back safely
00:19:26
in 10 years.
00:19:28
And I heard adults
of that day and time say,
00:19:31
"That's reckless, expensive,
may well fail."
00:19:34
But eight years and two months later,
00:19:36
in the moment that Neil Armstrong
set foot on the Moon,
00:19:40
there was great cheer that went up
in NASA's mission control in Houston.
00:19:44
Here's a little-known fact about that:
00:19:47
the average age of the systems engineers,
00:19:49
the controllers in the room
that day, was 26,
00:19:52
which means, among other things,
00:19:54
their age, when they heard
that challenge, was 18.
00:19:57
We now have a moral challenge
00:20:00
that is in the tradition of others
that we have faced.
00:20:04
One of the greatest poets
of the last century in the US,
00:20:07
Wallace Stevens,
00:20:09
wrote a line that has stayed with me:
00:20:11
"After the final 'no,'
there comes a 'yes,'
00:20:13
and on that 'yes',
the future world depends."
00:20:16
When the abolitionists
started their movement,
00:20:18
they met with no after no after no.
00:20:21
And then came a yes.
00:20:22
The Women's Suffrage
and Women's Rights Movement
00:20:24
met endless no's, until finally,
there was a yes.
00:20:28
The Civil Rights Movement,
the movement against apartheid,
00:20:31
and more recently, the movement
for gay and lesbian rights
00:20:34
here in the United States and elsewhere.
00:20:37
After the final "no" comes a "yes."
00:20:39
When any great moral challenge
is ultimately resolved
00:20:44
into a binary choice
between what is right and what is wrong,
00:20:48
the outcome is fore-ordained
because of who we are as human beings.
00:20:52
Ninety-nine percent of us,
that is where we are now
00:20:56
and it is why we're going to win this.
00:20:59
We have everything we need.
00:21:01
Some still doubt that we have
the will to act,
00:21:04
but I say the will to act is itself
a renewable resource.
00:21:09
Thank you very much.
00:21:10
(Applause)
00:21:47
Chris Anderson: You've got this incredible
combination of skills.
00:21:50
You've got this scientist mind
that can understand
00:21:53
the full range of issues,
00:21:55
and the ability to turn it
into the most vivid language.
00:21:59
No one else can do that,
that's why you led this thing.
00:22:02
It was amazing to see it 10 years ago,
it was amazing to see it now.
00:22:05
Al Gore: Well, you're nice
to say that, Chris.
00:22:08
But honestly, I have a lot
of really good friends
00:22:11
in the scientific community
who are incredibly patient
00:22:14
and who will sit there
and explain this stuff to me
00:22:17
over and over and over again
00:22:19
until I can get it
into simple enough language
00:22:22
that I can understand it.
00:22:23
And that's the key to trying
to communicate.
00:22:27
CA: So, your talk. First part: terrifying,
00:22:31
second part: incredibly hopeful.
00:22:33
How do we know that all those graphs,
all that progress, is enough
00:22:39
to solve what you showed
in the first part?
00:22:41
AG: I think that the crossing --
00:22:45
you know, I've only been
in the business world for 15 years.
00:22:48
But one of the things I've learned
is that apparently it matters
00:22:51
if a new product or service
is more expensive
00:22:54
than the incumbent, or cheaper than.
00:22:57
Turns out, it makes a difference
if it's cheaper than.
00:22:59
(Laughter)
00:23:00
And when it crosses that line,
00:23:03
then a lot of things really change.
00:23:05
We are regularly surprised
by these developments.
00:23:08
The late Rudi Dornbusch,
the great economist said,
00:23:11
"Things take longer to happen
then you think they will,
00:23:13
and then they happen much faster
than you thought they could."
00:23:16
I really think that's where we are.
00:23:18
Some people are using the phrase
"The Solar Singularity" now,
00:23:22
meaning when it gets
below the grid parity,
00:23:25
unsubsidized in most places,
00:23:27
then it's the default choice.
00:23:29
Now, in one of the presentations
yesterday, the jitney thing,
00:23:35
there is an effort to use
regulations to slow this down.
00:23:40
And I just don't think it's going to work.
00:23:44
There's a woman in Atlanta, Debbie Dooley,
00:23:47
who's the Chairman
of the Atlanta Tea Party.
00:23:49
They enlisted her
in this effort to put a tax
00:23:51
on solar panels and regulations.
00:23:53
And she had just put
solar panels on her roof
00:23:55
and she didn't understand the request.
00:23:57
(Laughter)
00:23:59
And so she went and formed
an alliance with the Sierra Club
00:24:02
and they formed a new organization
called the Green Tea Party.
00:24:06
(Laughter)
00:24:07
(Applause)
00:24:08
And they defeated the proposal.
00:24:10
So, finally, the answer
to your question is,
00:24:13
this sounds a little corny
and maybe it's a cliché,
00:24:16
but 10 years ago -- and Christiana
referred to this --
00:24:20
there are people in this audience
who played an incredibly significant role
00:24:26
in generating those exponential curves.
00:24:29
And it didn't work out economically
for some of them,
00:24:31
but it kick-started
this global revolution.
00:24:34
And what people in this audience do now
00:24:38
with the knowledge
that we are going to win this.
00:24:41
But it matters a lot how fast we win it.
00:24:45
CA: Al Gore, that was incredibly powerful.
00:24:47
If this turns out to be the year,
00:24:49
that the partisan thing changes,
00:24:52
as you said, it's no longer
a partisan issue,
00:24:55
but you bring along people
from the other side together,
00:24:59
backed by science, backed by these kinds
of investment opportunities,
00:25:03
backed by reason that you win the day --
00:25:05
boy, that's really exciting.
00:25:07
Thank you so much.
00:25:08
AG: Thank you so much
for bringing me back to TED.
00:25:11
Thank you!
00:25:12
(Applause)
