Carga eléctrica

The video discusses electric charge, explaining that matter is composed of atoms, which are made up of subatomic particles: neutrons, protons, and electrons. Neutrons have a neutral charge and reside in the atomic nucleus, while protons have a positive charge. Electrons orbit the nucleus and have a negative charge. Importantly, protons and electrons have equal charges with opposite signs. In 1909, Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher determined the electron's charge through the oil drop experiment, and confirmed its mass. The electron's charge is -1.602 x 10^-19 coulombs, denoted by 'e'. Electric charge in any object is a multiple of an electron's charge. Electric charge allows matter to attract or repel others; measured in coulombs (C), equivalent to the charge of approximately 6.24 trillion electrons (scientifically noted as 6.24 x 10^18 electrons). The first law of electrostatics states that like charges repel, and unlike charges attract, explaining the forces within an atom. Neutrally charged materials have equal protons and electrons but can gain or lose electrons to become electrified, leading to a negative charge with excess electrons, or a positive charge with a deficiency.