Endpoint PCR, quantitative PCR and digital PCR

00:02:35
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lbz4KBZUlM

الملخص

TLDRThis video elaborates on the dynamics of PCR reactions, focusing on different types of PCR: traditional endpoint PCR, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and digital PCR. In the exponential phase of PCR, there's a theoretical doubling of amplicons per cycle. The plateau phase occurs when critical reagents deplete, slowing or halting PCR. Endpoint PCR assesses end products on a gel, estimating relative quantities, and is less quantitative than qPCR, which uses fluorescent signals to accurately quantify DNA or RNA material through each cycle. qPCR, part of RT-qPCR, quantifies RNA levels and has applications in gene expression and molecular diagnostics. Digital PCR provides absolute quantification by counting target molecules, unlike the comparative methods used in others.

الوجبات الجاهزة

  • 🔬 PCR reactions have different phases including exponential and plateau.
  • 📏 Endpoint PCR is less quantitative, used for detecting target presence.
  • 🔄 qPCR provides continuous detection with fluorescent dyes for accuracy.
  • 📊 qPCR helps in gene expression profiling and RNA quantification.
  • 🧬 Digital PCR offers absolute quantification, counting actual molecules.
  • ⚖️ Compared to reference methods, digital PCR is unique in quantification.
  • 🧪 qPCR uses standard curves to determine DNA quantities.
  • 🔍 RNA is converted to cDNA in qPCR for quantification.
  • 🧫 Endpoint PCR visualizes products on gel for size and quantity assessment.
  • 📈 qPCR accurately quantifies starting material through cycles.

الجدول الزمني

  • 00:00:00 - 00:02:35

    The discourse elaborates on the dynamics of PCR reactions, highlighting the phases such as exponential and plateau. The theoretical dynamics are explained with cycles, indicating an initial doubling of amplicons per cycle, followed by a plateau where reagent depletion occurs. Endpoint PCR analyzes final PCR products using agarose gel to determine their size and quantity, albeit being less quantitative than real-time PCR (qPCR). In qPCR, product detection is ongoing throughout cycles via fluorescent dyes, offering more accurate quantification using standard curves. RT-qPCR extends quantification to RNA levels, converting RNA to cDNA first, for applications in gene expression, diagnostics, etc. Digital PCR is highlighted as the only method offering absolute quantification of DNA by counting target molecules, differing from relative methods such as qPCR.

الخريطة الذهنية

Mind Map

فيديو أسئلة وأجوبة

  • What happens in the exponential phase of PCR?

    In the exponential phase, there is a theoretical doubling of amplicons with each cycle.

  • What characterizes the plateau phase in PCR?

    The plateau phase occurs when there's a depletion of critical reagents, slowing down or stopping the PCR amplification.

  • How are endpoint PCR products analyzed?

    Endpoint PCR products are visualized on an auros gel to determine their size and relative quantity.

  • What is endpoint PCR primarily used for?

    Endpoint PCR is primarily used to detect the presence or absence of targets and can estimate relative quantity.

  • What makes qPCR more accurate than endpoint PCR?

    qPCR is more accurate as it continuously detects PCR products throughout the reaction cycles via fluorescent dyes.

  • What applications does qPCR have?

    qPCR applications include quantifying RNA levels, gene expression profiling, copy number variation, and molecular diagnostics.

  • What is the unique feature of digital PCR?

    Digital PCR is unique because it provides absolute quantification by measuring the actual number of target molecules produced.

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الترجمات
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التمرير التلقائي:
  • 00:00:03
    hi welcome
  • 00:00:05
    back here are the Dynamics of the
  • 00:00:08
    reaction plotted as cycle number versus
  • 00:00:10
    the amount of synthesized PCR product in
  • 00:00:13
    the exponential phase of the reaction
  • 00:00:15
    there is a theoretical doubling of
  • 00:00:17
    amplicons with each cycle in later
  • 00:00:19
    Cycles approximately Cycles 30 to 35
  • 00:00:23
    there may be depletion of critical
  • 00:00:25
    reagents such as dntps which slows down
  • 00:00:28
    or stops PCR amplification
  • 00:00:30
    this is referred to as the plateau phase
  • 00:00:33
    Assessments in traditional endpoint PCR
  • 00:00:35
    are often made in the plateau phase
  • 00:00:38
    endpoint PCR quantitative PCR and
  • 00:00:41
    digital PCR all include the same
  • 00:00:43
    reaction Dynamics but the way the PCR
  • 00:00:46
    products are analyzed is different with
  • 00:00:48
    endpoint PCR the end products are
  • 00:00:50
    visualized on an auros gel to determine
  • 00:00:52
    their size as well as relative quantity
  • 00:00:55
    endpoint PCR is used for applications
  • 00:00:57
    such as cloning sequencing G genotyping
  • 00:01:00
    and sequence detection endpoint PCR is
  • 00:01:03
    far less quantitative than real-time PCR
  • 00:01:06
    it is used mostly to detect presence or
  • 00:01:08
    absence of targets but can also be used
  • 00:01:10
    to estimate relative quantity this
  • 00:01:12
    determination is made at the end of
  • 00:01:14
    temperature cycling in quantitative PCR
  • 00:01:17
    or qpcr the PCR products are
  • 00:01:20
    continuously detected throughout the
  • 00:01:22
    reaction cycles via either intercalating
  • 00:01:24
    or probe based fluorescent dieses the
  • 00:01:27
    fluorescent signal increases
  • 00:01:28
    proportionally as product amount
  • 00:01:30
    increases qpcr is much more accurate in
  • 00:01:33
    quantifying the starting material than
  • 00:01:35
    endpoint PCR using a standard curve
  • 00:01:37
    generated by amplifying known amounts of
  • 00:01:39
    starting DNA the quantity of Target DNA
  • 00:01:42
    can be determined from the cycle number
  • 00:01:44
    at which the unknown DNA is detected
  • 00:01:46
    relative to control DNA qpcr as part of
  • 00:01:50
    rtqpcr can be used to quantitate RNA
  • 00:01:54
    levels the first step converts RNA to
  • 00:01:56
    single stranded
  • 00:01:58
    cdna primary PCR applications include
  • 00:02:01
    gene expression profiling copy number
  • 00:02:04
    variation molecular Diagnostics and
  • 00:02:07
    genotyping digital PCR is the only
  • 00:02:10
    absolute quantitative PCR method
  • 00:02:12
    available in that it measures the actual
  • 00:02:14
    number of Target molecules produced as
  • 00:02:17
    opposed to comparing the measurement to
  • 00:02:18
    a
  • 00:02:21
    reference thanks for
  • 00:02:28
    watching
الوسوم
  • PCR
  • qPCR
  • digital PCR
  • endpoint PCR
  • DNA quantification
  • RNA quantification
  • molecular diagnostics
  • fluorescent dyes