How Far is Too Far? | The Age of A.I.
الملخص
TLDRThe video, set in the former Spruce Goose hangar, delves into the swift adoption and evolution of artificial intelligence (AI). It draws parallels between past and present technological advancements, noting the disparity in adoption times. The narrative centers around creating digital consciousness and life-like artificial entities, exploring AI's applications in various fields such as music and prosthetics. Mark Sagar and will.i.am collaborate on AI-driven avatars, reflecting on identity and digital replication. The documentary also highlights Gil Weinberg's work in creating robots that collaborate musically, enhancing human expression. It discusses the creation of advanced prosthetics like the Skywalker Hand, using ultrasound technology to mimic human dexterity. The overarching theme underscores the potential for AI to redefine human-machine collaboration, enabling profound changes in creativity and daily interactions, and examines the philosophical implications of AI's evolution toward autonomous thought.
الوجبات الجاهزة
- 🎥 YouTube Original Stages hosted the video, symbolizing innovation roots.
- 🚀 AI adoption is exponentially faster now compared to historical technologies.
- 🧠 Baby X simulates a toddler exploring digital consciousness potential.
- 🎶 Gil Weinberg integrates AI in music for collaborative innovation.
- 🖐️ Skywalker Hand represents advanced prosthetics with ultrasound tech.
- 🤖 Affective computing aims to make AI empathetic and human-like.
- 🎤 Will.i.am’s digital avatar explores AI's role in personal identity.
- 🔍 AI's future lies in enhancing human-machine collaboration.
- 📈 AI's rapid advancements require understanding and responsible innovation.
- 🌐 Philosophical questions arise around AI's potential for free will.
الجدول الزمني
- 00:00:00 - 00:05:00
The stage, once part of Howard Hughes's hangar, now hosts discussions on technology adoption, contrasting the evolution from writing to email with today's AI strides. Downey delves into his limited AI knowledge, comparing AI's potential to Pandora's box, shaped by sci-fi narratives, while aiming to demystify terms like machine learning and big data.
- 00:05:00 - 00:10:00
Downey explores affective computing through 'Baby X,' a digital toddler mimicking human emotions. Mark, the creator, uses neural networks to simulate a flexible, human-like AI. He emphasizes AI as an emulation of human thought, countering the myth of a generalized AI. The goal is AI and human collaboration.
- 00:10:00 - 00:15:00
Sagar continues working on AI avatars that learn and interact like humans, exemplified by Baby X's object recognition capabilities. The series also covers will.i.am's exploration into AI for creating a digital likeness, highlighting discussions around data, identity, and the challenges of replicating real human characteristics digitally.
- 00:15:00 - 00:20:00
Focus shifts to Gil Weinberg's work at Georgia Tech, using AI for creativity and collaboration, like with Shimon, a robot using machine learning for music. The narrative then introduces Jason Barnes, a drummer using AI to enhance his performance with a robotic arm, underlining technology's role in overcoming physical limitations.
- 00:20:00 - 00:25:00
Skywalker Hand technology, driven by advanced AI, allows Jason Barnes to control a prosthetic with ultrasound, providing individual finger movement, a significant leap in prosthetics. The segment highlights how AI aids in making prosthetics more functional, enhancing quality of life and enabling new possibilities for amputees.
- 00:25:00 - 00:34:39
The series closes by pondering the future of AI with projects like Will.i.am's digital avatar, which sparks philosophical questions about autonomy and identity in AI. Downey reflects on AI's potential to extend human capabilities, leaving viewers to consider AI's vast possibilities and ethical dimensions.
الخريطة الذهنية
فيديو أسئلة وأجوبة
What is the main theme of the video?
The video explores the advancements and implications of artificial intelligence in different fields.
What is Baby X?
Baby X is a digital toddler designed to explore digital consciousness and human-machine interaction.
Who is involved in developing musical AI technologies?
Gil Weinberg, founding director of Georgia Tech Center for Music Technology, spearheads the development of musical AI technologies.
What is the Skywalker Hand?
The Skywalker Hand is an advanced prosthetic using ultrasound technology to enable individual finger movement.
What role does will.i.am play in the video?
Will.i.am is involved in creating a digital avatar of himself, exploring identity and data in AI.
How does AI impact the field of music according to the video?
AI enhances musical creation and performance, enabling new forms of expression and collaboration.
What is the focus of the series the video is part of?
The series looks at innovators pushing the boundaries of AI and its impact on our lives.
What does Gil Weinberg aim to achieve with his robot musician?
Gil Weinberg aims to explore new ways for musical expression through robots that can improvise with humans.
How does the video depict the future of AI?
The future of AI is depicted as a collaboration between humans and intelligent machines, enhancing capabilities and creativity.
What is affective computing?
Affective computing is AI technology that interprets and simulates human emotions to make machines empathetic.
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- 00:00:06Welcome to YouTube Original Stages,
- 00:00:09once home to Howard Hughes's Spruce Goose assembly hangar,
- 00:00:13and home to much of the first Iron Man,
- 00:00:14filmed 12 years ago.
- 00:00:17Many happy memories here.
- 00:00:18And speaking of taking a look back...
- 00:00:21Technology.
- 00:00:22It's advancing faster
- 00:00:24and taking less time to be widely adopted
- 00:00:25than ever before,
- 00:00:27like as in it took roughly 10,000 years
- 00:00:30to go from writing to printing press,
- 00:00:32but only about 500 more to get to email.
- 00:00:34Now it seems we're at the dawn of a new age,
- 00:00:38the age of A.I...
- 00:00:39Artificial Intelligence.
- 00:00:41Please define.
- 00:00:42[automated voice speaking]
- 00:00:48Uh-huh, okay. There you have it.
- 00:00:50What does it mean? I don't know.
- 00:00:52Tons of folks are working on it, right?
- 00:00:53Most people don't know that much about it,
- 00:00:55and of course, there's no shortage
- 00:00:56of data or opinions.
- 00:00:58Anyway, I've heard it said
- 00:00:59that the best way to learn about a subject
- 00:01:01is to teach it,
- 00:01:02but to level with ya,
- 00:01:04I have a wildly incomplete education...
- 00:01:07Not in my day job,
- 00:01:08where I've been A.I.-adjacent for over a decade.
- 00:01:11Anyway, I figured now would be as good a time as any
- 00:01:13to catch up on the state of things
- 00:01:15regarding this emerging phenomenon.
- 00:01:17My sense of it is it kind of feels like
- 00:01:20Pandora's box, maybe... ish?
- 00:01:23Much of my understanding on this topic
- 00:01:24has come from sci-fi stories,
- 00:01:26which usually depict us
- 00:01:28heading toward Shangri-La or dystopia.
- 00:01:30Like most things,
- 00:01:31I suspect the truth is probably somewhere in the middle.
- 00:01:34Now, along the way,
- 00:01:35we'll demystify some common misconceptions
- 00:01:37about things we thought we understood, but probably don't,
- 00:01:40terms such as
- 00:01:42"machine learning," "algorithms,"
- 00:01:44"computer vision" and "Big Data,"
- 00:01:46they will be conveniently unpacked
- 00:01:48to help us feel like we know what we're doing,
- 00:01:51kinda.
- 00:01:52By the way, Pandora's box...
- 00:01:58wasn't a box.
- 00:02:00It...
- 00:02:02was a clay jar.
- 00:02:04How about that?
- 00:02:06Demystified.
- 00:02:11A.I. is teaching the machine,
- 00:02:14and the machine becoming smart.
- 00:02:17Each time we create a more powerful technology,
- 00:02:19we create a bigger lever for changing the world.
- 00:02:22[computer] Autonomous driving started.
- 00:02:24[Downey] It's an extraordinary time,
- 00:02:26one of unprecedented change and possibility.
- 00:02:30To help us understand what's happening,
- 00:02:32this series will look at innovators
- 00:02:34pushing the boundaries of A.I...
- 00:02:35No, stop!
- 00:02:37[Downey] ...and how their groundbreaking work
- 00:02:39is profoundly impacting our lives...
- 00:02:40Yay! [laughing]
- 00:02:42[Downey] ...and the world around us.
- 00:02:44In this episode, we'll meet two different visionaries
- 00:02:47exploring identity, creativity,
- 00:02:49and collaboration between humans and machines.
- 00:02:52Intelligence used to be the province of only humans,
- 00:02:55but it no longer is.
- 00:02:56We don't program the machines. They learn by themselves.
- 00:03:09Mm. Ah. That's good.
- 00:03:12All right.
- 00:03:14My background's always been a mixture of art and science.
- 00:03:18I ended up doing a PhD in bioengineering,
- 00:03:21then I ended up in the film industry,
- 00:03:24working on King Kong to Avatar,
- 00:03:27simulating faces.
- 00:03:30I'd got to a point in my career
- 00:03:31where I'd been, you know,
- 00:03:32lucky enough to win a couple of Academy Awards,
- 00:03:35so I thought, "Okay, what happens
- 00:03:37if we actually tried to bring those characters to life,
- 00:03:40that actually you could interact with?"
- 00:03:43[toddler crying]
- 00:03:45Baby... Ooh.
- 00:03:47[toddler fusses]
- 00:03:48What can you see?
- 00:03:49So "Baby X" is a lifelike simulation of a toddler.
- 00:03:54Hey. Are you excited to be here?
- 00:03:57She's actually seeing me through the web camera,
- 00:03:59she's listening through the microphone.
- 00:04:02Woo... yeah.
- 00:04:04Baby X is about exploring the nature
- 00:04:07of how would we build a digital consciousness,
- 00:04:09if it's possible?
- 00:04:10We don't know if it's possible,
- 00:04:12but we're chipping away at that problem.
- 00:04:14Hey, Baby. Hey.
- 00:04:15[Downey] "Problem" is an understatement
- 00:04:17for what Mark's chipping away at.
- 00:04:19His vision of the future
- 00:04:20is one where human and machine cooperate,
- 00:04:22and the best way to achieve that, he thinks,
- 00:04:25is to make A.I. as life-like as possible.
- 00:04:28Peek-a-boo!
- 00:04:31[Baby X giggling]
- 00:04:32[Downey] Which is why he began where most life begins...
- 00:04:35a baby...
- 00:04:36modeled after his own daughter.
- 00:04:39So if we start revealing her layers,
- 00:04:41she's driven by virtual muscles,
- 00:04:43and the virtual muscles, in turn,
- 00:04:45are driven by a virtual brain.
- 00:04:47Now, these are radically simplified models
- 00:04:49from the real thing,
- 00:04:51but nevertheless,
- 00:04:52they're models that we can explore how they work,
- 00:04:54because we have a real template that exists,
- 00:04:57the human brain.
- 00:04:59So, these are all driven by neural networks.
- 00:05:03[Downey] "Neural network"
- 00:05:04is a virtual, much simpler version
- 00:05:06of the human brain.
- 00:05:07The brain is the most complex system in our body.
- 00:05:11It's got 85 billion neurons, each of which fire non-stop,
- 00:05:14receiving, processing, and sending information.
- 00:05:19Baby X's brain is nowhere near as complex,
- 00:05:22but that's the goal.
- 00:05:23Instead of neurons, it's got nodes.
- 00:05:26The more the nodes are exposed to,
- 00:05:28the more they learn.
- 00:05:30[Sagar] What we've learned is it's very hard to build a digital brain,
- 00:05:32but where we want to go with it
- 00:05:34is we're trying to build a human-like A.I.
- 00:05:37which has a flexible intelligence
- 00:05:39that can relate to people.
- 00:05:41I think the best kind of systems
- 00:05:43are when humans and A.I. work together.
- 00:05:46One of the biggest misconceptions of A.I.
- 00:05:49is that there is a super-intelligent being,
- 00:05:52or what we call a generalized A.I.,
- 00:05:54that knows all, can do all,
- 00:05:56smarter than all of us put together.
- 00:05:59That is a total misconception.
- 00:06:01A.I. is built on us.
- 00:06:03A.I. is mimicking our thought processes.
- 00:06:06A.I. is basically an emulation of us.
- 00:06:11[Downey] Like visionaries before him, Mark's a dreamer.
- 00:06:13The current state of his moonshot, however,
- 00:06:16is a little more earthbound.
- 00:06:17[computer] Thank you for granting access
- 00:06:19to your microphone. It's good to hear you.
- 00:06:22[Downey] Today, most avatars
- 00:06:23are basically glorified customer-service reps.
- 00:06:26[service avatar] Rest assured,
- 00:06:27your health is my primary concern.
- 00:06:29[Downey] They can answer simple questions
- 00:06:31and give scripted responses.
- 00:06:33I love helping our customers,
- 00:06:35so I'm keen to keep learning.
- 00:06:36[Downey] Beats dealing with automated phonelines for sure,
- 00:06:39but it's a far cry from Mark's ultimate vision...
- 00:06:42[Sagar] Hey, Baby. Hey.
- 00:06:43[Downey] ...to create avatars that can actually learn,
- 00:06:46interpret, and interact with the world around them,
- 00:06:49like a real human.
- 00:06:51What's this?
- 00:06:53Spider.
- 00:06:55So we're starting to get a spider forming in her mind here,
- 00:06:58she's starting to associate the word with the image.
- 00:07:00So, Baby... spider.
- 00:07:04Spider.
- 00:07:05Spider...
- 00:07:06Good! Okay, what's this?
- 00:07:10[Baby] Spider.
- 00:07:12No. This is a duck.
- 00:07:14Look at the duck.
- 00:07:15[Baby] Duck.
- 00:07:17[Sagar] Yeah.
- 00:07:18[Downey] Baby X uses a type of A.I. called "object recognition."
- 00:07:23Basically, it's how a computer sees...
- 00:07:27how it identifies an object, like a spider,
- 00:07:29or tells the difference between a spider and a duck.
- 00:07:33It's something that you and I do naturally...
- 00:07:36...but machines, like Baby X, need to learn from scratch,
- 00:07:39by basically sifting through enormous piles of data
- 00:07:42to search for patterns,
- 00:07:44so that eventually, it can drive a car,
- 00:07:46or pick out a criminal in a crowded photograph,
- 00:07:49or tell the difference between me and... that guy.
- 00:07:52[Sagar] But now I'm gonna tell her that spiders are scary.
- 00:07:55Look out! Rawr! Scary spider! Rawr!
- 00:07:59[crying]
- 00:08:00Hey, hey. Don't cry. It's okay. Hey...
- 00:08:03[Baby crying]
- 00:08:04Hey, it's okay.
- 00:08:05Now she's responding emotionally to me as well,
- 00:08:08so we've gone all the way down
- 00:08:10to virtual neurotransmitters, hormones, and so forth,
- 00:08:14so Baby X has a stress system.
- 00:08:16If I give her a fright...
- 00:08:18Boo!
- 00:08:19So we'll see basically
- 00:08:20some noradrenaline was released then,
- 00:08:22and she's gone into a much more vigilant state of mind.
- 00:08:25[Downey] What Mark is working on
- 00:08:27is known as "affective computing,"
- 00:08:29A.I. that interprets and simulates human emotion.
- 00:08:33I believe that machines are gonna interact with humans
- 00:08:36just the way we interact with one another,
- 00:08:38through perception, through conversation.
- 00:08:41So as A.I. continues to become mainstream,
- 00:08:44it needs to really understand humans,
- 00:08:46and so we want to build emotion A.I.
- 00:08:49that enables machines to have empathy.
- 00:08:51Hello, Pepa.
- 00:08:53-Hello. -[man] Hello.
- 00:08:55-Hello. -Hello.
- 00:08:57-Hello. -[laughing]
- 00:08:58Oh, dear.
- 00:08:59-We can do this forever. -I know we could. [laughs]
- 00:09:02[Howard] They've showed, for example,
- 00:09:04older adults who have A.I. aides at their nursing homes,
- 00:09:07they are happier
- 00:09:08with a robot that emotes and is social
- 00:09:10than having no one there.
- 00:09:12That's really the enhancement of human relationships.
- 00:09:16[Sagar] Hey... Hello.
- 00:09:19You know, human cooperation
- 00:09:20is the most powerful force in human history, right?
- 00:09:23Human cooperation with intelligent machines
- 00:09:26will define the next era of history.
- 00:09:28Using a machine which is connected
- 00:09:31with the rest of the world through the Internet,
- 00:09:34that can work as a creative, collaborative partner?
- 00:09:37That's unbelievable.
- 00:09:47[will.i.am] Jessica. Jessica. One more time, one more time.
- 00:09:50We're gonna go from just the first two verses,
- 00:09:52and the first two verses
- 00:09:53will take us to three minutes, okay?
- 00:09:56I love music.
- 00:09:57The whole concept of music is collaboration,
- 00:09:59so if there are some people that see me as a musician,
- 00:10:01that's awesome.
- 00:10:06I first became interested in A.I.
- 00:10:08because A.I. is a very fruitful place to create in.
- 00:10:11It's a new tool for us.
- 00:10:13I dream, and make my dreams reality,
- 00:10:16whether the dream is a song
- 00:10:17or the dream is an avatar of myself.
- 00:10:20One time, a friend was like, "Well, you can't clone yourself.
- 00:10:24You can't be in two places at once."
- 00:10:25That's the promise of the avatar.
- 00:10:29I left it over there.
- 00:10:30All right, here we go.
- 00:10:32[Sagar] So, you're about to enter the Matrix.
- 00:10:35I'm gonna sort of direct you through just a bunch of poses.
- 00:10:39[will.i.am] The team from Soul Machines
- 00:10:41is here to create a digital avatar of myself.
- 00:10:44They had to put me in this huge contraption
- 00:10:46with these crazy lights.
- 00:10:49What do you want me to do?
- 00:10:50[Sagar] Your face is an instrument.
- 00:10:52All the wrinkles on the face is like a signature,
- 00:10:55so we want to get
- 00:10:56the highest-quality digital model of you that we can.
- 00:10:59Okay. [chuckles]
- 00:11:01[Sagar] Yeah, that's perfect. Okay, go.
- 00:11:03[rapid shutters snapping]
- 00:11:06[Sagar] So we have to capture all the textures of their face.
- 00:11:09The geometry of their face...
- 00:11:11Big, gnashy teeth.
- 00:11:13How their face deforms
- 00:11:15to form the different facial expressions.
- 00:11:17And how about a kiss?
- 00:11:18You could do...
- 00:11:19With my eyes closed?
- 00:11:20'Cause I don't kiss with my eyes open.
- 00:11:21Every once in a while, I peek.
- 00:11:23[cameras snapping]
- 00:11:25I wanted to have
- 00:11:26a digital avatar around the idea of Idatity,
- 00:11:29and that's the marriage of my data and my identity.
- 00:11:32Everyone's concerned about, like, identity theft.
- 00:11:35Meanwhile, everybody's giving away all their data for free
- 00:11:38on the Internet.
- 00:11:38I'm what I like and what I don't like,
- 00:11:41I'm where I go, I'm who I know.
- 00:11:43I'm what I search. I am my thumbprint.
- 00:11:45I am my data. That's who I am.
- 00:11:48You pull your eyelids down like that.
- 00:11:49We want to get that... yup.
- 00:11:51[will.i.am] When I'm on Instagram and I'm on Google,
- 00:11:53I'm actually programming those algorithms to better understand me.
- 00:11:56Awesome.
- 00:11:58In the future, my avatar's gonna be doing all that stuff,
- 00:12:00because I'm gonna program it.
- 00:12:02Get entertained through it, get information through it,
- 00:12:05and you feel like
- 00:12:06you're having a FaceTime with an intelligent entity.
- 00:12:09[laughing] "Yo, check out this link."
- 00:12:11"Oh, wow, that's crazy."
- 00:12:12"Yo, can you post that on my Twitter?"
- 00:12:15[laughter]
- 00:12:17-Hey. -Hey.
- 00:12:19All right, I'm the Soul Machines lead audio engineer.
- 00:12:22Hopefully we'll be able to build an A.I. version of your voice.
- 00:12:26After creating Will's look,
- 00:12:29then we now have to create his voice.
- 00:12:31For that, we actually have to capture a lot of samples
- 00:12:34about how Will speaks,
- 00:12:36and that's actually quite a challenging process.
- 00:12:39-Shall we kick off? -Yeah, let's kick off.
- 00:12:41-A'ight, boo, here we go. -Yeah.
- 00:12:43I'm Will, and I'm happy to meet you.
- 00:12:44I'm here to bring technology to life,
- 00:12:47and let's talk about Artificial Intelligence.
- 00:12:50Oops. Really? Whoa.
- 00:12:53That's dope!
- 00:12:54So there's so many ways of saying "dope," bro.
- 00:12:57Yeah, yeah.
- 00:12:58Now, how realistic is it going to be?
- 00:12:59This will sound like you.
- 00:13:01The sentences can be divided up into parts
- 00:13:04so that we can create words
- 00:13:06and build sentences, like LEGO blocks.
- 00:13:08It will sound exactly like you.
- 00:13:11Well, maybe we don't want to have it too accurate.
- 00:13:14So you don't freak people out, maybe I don't want it accurate.
- 00:13:18Maybe, there should be some type of...
- 00:13:20"That's the A.I.,"
- 00:13:21'cause this is all new ground.
- 00:13:23-Yeah. -Like, we've...
- 00:13:25we are in an intersection of a place
- 00:13:27that we've never been in society,
- 00:13:28where people have to determine
- 00:13:31what's real and what's not.
- 00:13:35[Downey] While Mark jets back to New Zealand
- 00:13:37to try to create Will's digital doppelganger,
- 00:13:39Will's left waiting, and wondering...
- 00:13:42can Mark pull this off?
- 00:13:44What does it mean
- 00:13:45to have a lifelike avatar of you?
- 00:13:47A digital replicant of yourself?
- 00:13:50Is that a good idea?
- 00:13:52How far is too far?
- 00:13:54[Domingos] We've been collaborating with machines
- 00:13:56since the dawn of technology.
- 00:13:58I mean, even today,
- 00:14:00in some sense, we are all cyborgs already.
- 00:14:02For example,
- 00:14:03you use OKCupid to find a date,
- 00:14:06and then you use Yelp to decide where to go, you know,
- 00:14:09what restaurant to go to,
- 00:14:10and then you start driving your car,
- 00:14:12but there's a GPS system that actually tells you where to go.
- 00:14:15So the human and the machine decision-making
- 00:14:17are very tightly interwoven,
- 00:14:19and I think this will only increase as we go forward.
- 00:14:25[Downey] Human collaboration with intelligent machines...
- 00:14:29A different musician in a different town
- 00:14:31with a different approach
- 00:14:32is giving the same problem a shot.
- 00:14:34[Gil Weinberg] People are concerned
- 00:14:36about A.I. replacing humans,
- 00:14:38and I think it is not only
- 00:14:40not going to replace humans, it's going to enhance humans.
- 00:14:45I'm Gil Weinberg. I'm the founding director
- 00:14:48of Georgia Tech Center for Music Technology.
- 00:14:50[plays piano]
- 00:14:51Ready?
- 00:14:54In my lab, we are trying to create the new technologies
- 00:14:57that will explore new ways to be expressive...
- 00:15:00to be creative...
- 00:15:02Shimon, it's a marimba-playing robot.
- 00:15:05[playing marimba]
- 00:15:08What it does is listen to humans playing,
- 00:15:11and it can improvise.
- 00:15:15Shimon is our first robotic musician
- 00:15:18that has the ability to find patterns,
- 00:15:20so, machine learning.
- 00:15:23Machine learning
- 00:15:25is the ability to find patterns in data.
- 00:15:28So, for example, if we feed Shimon Miles Davis,
- 00:15:31it will try to see
- 00:15:32what note is he likely to play after what note,
- 00:15:34and once it finds its patterns, it can start to manipulate it,
- 00:15:38and I can have the robot playing in a style
- 00:15:40that maybe is 30% Miles Davis, 30% Bach,
- 00:15:4330% Madonna, and 10% my own,
- 00:15:46and create morphing of music that humans would never create.
- 00:15:50[band playing tune]
- 00:15:55[Downey] Gil's groundbreaking work
- 00:15:56in artificial creativity and musical expression
- 00:15:59has been performed by symphonies around the world...
- 00:16:03...but his innovation
- 00:16:05also caught the attention of another musician...
- 00:16:07Okay.
- 00:16:08[Downey] ...a guy who unexpectedly pushed Gil
- 00:16:10beyond enhancing robots
- 00:16:12to augmenting humans.
- 00:16:15[Weinberg] I met Jason Barnes about six years ago,
- 00:16:17when I was just about finishing one phase of developing Shimon,
- 00:16:20and I was starting to think, "What's next?"
- 00:16:24[Barnes] I got my first drum kit when I was 15, on Christmas,
- 00:16:27and when I lost my limb, I was 22,
- 00:16:30so I was kind of used to having two limbs.
- 00:16:34I started trying to fabricate prosthetics
- 00:16:37to try and get me back on the kit,
- 00:16:38which eventually led me to working and collaborating with Georgia Tech.
- 00:16:41[playing drums]
- 00:16:44[Weinberg] He told me that he lost his arm,
- 00:16:46he was devastated, he was depressed,
- 00:16:48music was his life,
- 00:16:49and he said, "I saw that you develop robotic musicians.
- 00:16:53Can you use some of the technology that you have
- 00:16:55in order to allow me to play again like I used to?"
- 00:16:59So that's the prosthetic arm that we built for Jason.
- 00:17:02When he came to us,
- 00:17:04he just wanted to be able to use sensors here
- 00:17:06so he can hold the stick tight or loose.
- 00:17:09I suggested "Let's do that, but also,
- 00:17:12let's have two sticks.
- 00:17:13One stick can operate with a mind of its own,
- 00:17:15understanding the music and improvising.
- 00:17:17One stick can operate based on what you tell it with your muscle,
- 00:17:20and also, each one of the sticks can play 20 hertz...
- 00:17:24...faster than any humans,
- 00:17:26and together, they can create polyrhythm,
- 00:17:27create all kind of textures that humans cannot create."
- 00:17:31All right. I think we're ready to play.
- 00:17:33[all playing tune]
- 00:17:38[Downey] In some ways, the robotic drum arm
- 00:17:40allows Jason to play better than he ever has,
- 00:17:43but it still lacks the true function,
- 00:17:45or feeling, of a human hand.
- 00:17:47[Weinberg] They don't provide
- 00:17:49the kind of dexterity and subtle control
- 00:17:51that would really allow anything.
- 00:17:55[Downey] This revelation
- 00:17:56drove Gil to his next innovation...
- 00:17:58the Skywalker Hand.
- 00:18:02Inspired by Luke Skywalker from Star Wars,
- 00:18:04and created in collaboration with Jason,
- 00:18:07the revolutionary tech
- 00:18:09brings what was once the realm of sci-fi
- 00:18:11a little closer to our galaxy.
- 00:18:13[Barnes] This is just like a 3D-printed hand
- 00:18:15that you can, like, download the files online.
- 00:18:18[Downey] Currently, most advanced prosthetic hands
- 00:18:20can't even thumbs-up or flip you the bird.
- 00:18:24They can only open or grip,
- 00:18:26using all five fingers at once.
- 00:18:28Most of the prosthetics that are available on the market nowadays,
- 00:18:32um, actually use EMG technology,
- 00:18:34which stands for "electromyography,"
- 00:18:35and essentially what it does is there are two sensors
- 00:18:38that make contact with my residual limb,
- 00:18:40and they pick up electrical signals from the muscles...
- 00:18:43So again, when I flex and extend my residual limb,
- 00:18:46it will open and close the hand,
- 00:18:47um, and I can rotate as well,
- 00:18:50but the problem with EMG
- 00:18:51is it's a very vague electrical signal, so zero to 100%.
- 00:18:55It's not very accurate at all.
- 00:18:56The Skywalker Hand actually uses ultrasound tech.
- 00:18:59Ultrasound provides an image,
- 00:19:01and you can see everything that's going on inside of the arm.
- 00:19:04[Downey] Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves
- 00:19:07to capture live images from inside the body.
- 00:19:11As Jason flexes his muscles
- 00:19:13to move each of his missing fingers,
- 00:19:14ultrasound generates live images that visualize his intention.
- 00:19:20The A.I. then uses machine learning
- 00:19:23to predict patterns,
- 00:19:24letting a man who's lost one of his hands
- 00:19:26move all five of his fingers individually,
- 00:19:29even if he's as unpredictable as Keith Moon.
- 00:19:32[Howard] The work that Gil is doing
- 00:19:34is really important.
- 00:19:35Gil comes from a non-engineering background,
- 00:19:37which means that his technology
- 00:19:39and the way he thinks about robotics
- 00:19:42is actually quite different
- 00:19:43than, say, the way I would think about it,
- 00:19:44since I come from an engineering background.
- 00:19:46And the commonality is that we want to design robots
- 00:19:49to really impact and make a difference in the world.
- 00:19:53[Weinberg] We were able to create a proof of concept
- 00:19:56with Jason Barnes.
- 00:19:57Once we discovered that we can do this with ultrasound,
- 00:20:01immediately I looked at,
- 00:20:03"Hey, let's try to help more people."
- 00:20:10[Jay Schneider] That's okay, just leave me hanging, holding it.
- 00:20:13It's not heavy or anything.
- 00:20:14[Barnes] It's safe, if you want to slide it back...
- 00:20:15No, no. I'm messing with you.
- 00:20:17So I met Jason Barnes
- 00:20:18at an event called "Lucky Fin Weekend."
- 00:20:20They're a foundation that deals with limb difference.
- 00:20:23There we go.
- 00:20:25-Ah, all right. -And it's out.
- 00:20:27[Schneider] Do you ever work on your car
- 00:20:29without the hook?
- 00:20:30Not really. It's just way easier and efficient for me to...
- 00:20:33The hook, the hook really trips me out, though, man.
- 00:20:36[Schneider] When I lost my hand,
- 00:20:38it was close to 30 years ago,
- 00:20:39and prosthetics were kind of stuck in the Dark Ages.
- 00:20:42[rock drums and bass playing]
- 00:20:47In general, they didn't really do a whole lot,
- 00:20:50and even if they moved,
- 00:20:52they seemed to be more passive than actually worthwhile to use.
- 00:20:58I don't like to talk about my accident,
- 00:21:01because I don't feel it defines me.
- 00:21:03The narrative on limb-different people
- 00:21:05has been the accident.
- 00:21:07"This is what happened, and these are these sad things,"
- 00:21:10and it becomes inspiration porn.
- 00:21:14For me, for example, right, if I do something,
- 00:21:17I have to, like, smash it out of the park,
- 00:21:19because otherwise I feel like there's gonna be this,
- 00:21:21"Oh, well, he did it good enough because he's missing his hand."
- 00:21:24-Yeah, yeah. -And I'm like, "F that!"
- 00:21:25Like, I want to... I'm gonna be as good or better than somebody with two hands
- 00:21:29doing whatever I'm doing, you know?
- 00:21:32Prosthetics, at this point in my life,
- 00:21:34don't really seem like something I would want or need.
- 00:21:37[Weinberg] Manual robotic prosthetics
- 00:21:40have not been adopted well.
- 00:21:41Amputees try them,
- 00:21:42and then they don't continue to use them.
- 00:21:50[Barnes] Yeah, man, you stoked to check out the lab?
- 00:21:53Yeah, yeah, for sure.
- 00:21:54Right now, I'm the only amputee that's ever used
- 00:21:57the Skywalker Arm before.
- 00:21:58Did you have... were you right-handed?
- 00:22:00No, I was born left-handed, actually.
- 00:22:02Oh, you lucky bastard.
- 00:22:03-Yeah, I know, right? -I was right-handed.
- 00:22:05[Barnes] It was extremely important
- 00:22:06to get as many different people as we can in there,
- 00:22:09including other amputees.
- 00:22:10It's hard to find people that are amputees in general,
- 00:22:13and then, like, upper-extremity amputees is the next thing,
- 00:22:16and then finding people who are willing,
- 00:22:18to step out of their comfort zone
- 00:22:20-and then do this. -Right.
- 00:22:22[Schneider] When I met Jason,
- 00:22:23I found it really interesting that we had a lot in common,
- 00:22:26because we were both into cars, we were both into music.
- 00:22:30-Hi, Gil. -Hey. What's up?
- 00:22:31-Jason. Nice to meet ya. -Nice meeting you.
- 00:22:33He's a step or two ahead of me with the technology stuff.
- 00:22:36[Barnes] The way this hand works is it essentially picks up
- 00:22:39the ultrasound signals from my residual limb,
- 00:22:42so when I move my index finger,
- 00:22:43it'll move my index...
- 00:22:45ring...
- 00:22:47[Schneider] Wow, for the first time,
- 00:22:48prosthetics are finally getting to the point
- 00:22:50where they're getting pretty close
- 00:22:52to actual human hand.
- 00:22:54You know, it got me excited. I was like,
- 00:22:55"This is the type of thing that I've been waiting for."
- 00:22:58If I was ever going to try one again,
- 00:22:59this would be the type of stuff that I would want to check out.
- 00:23:02When I move my thumb...
- 00:23:04[laughter]
- 00:23:08I know from experience
- 00:23:10that it's not always working perfectly.
- 00:23:12It's very interesting for me to have someone else
- 00:23:14who comes and tries our technology
- 00:23:16to see if it can be generalized.
- 00:23:20Is my arm getting warmer because you're wrapping it,
- 00:23:23or does that have heat in it?
- 00:23:24-It does have heat in it. -Oh, okay.
- 00:23:26First thing we need, if we're gonna get Jay to try the hand,
- 00:23:29is we need to get a custom-fit socket to his arm
- 00:23:32that's comfortable and fits nice and snug.
- 00:23:34You comfortable when they do this?
- 00:23:36This is the most awkward part for me.
- 00:23:38-Nah, it was kinda weird. -Ah, yeah. Yeah.
- 00:23:40I was 12 years old when I lost my hand
- 00:23:42and had a prosthetic for six months,
- 00:23:44and pretty much ever since then, I haven't used it,
- 00:23:46and it's been close to 30 years now.
- 00:23:48And there's the impression of your arm.
- 00:23:50That's way easier than I thought it was gonna be.
- 00:23:52That's wild, yeah!
- 00:23:53It may not be right for me, but this is something
- 00:23:56that could really, really help people's lives.
- 00:23:58It would be really cool
- 00:23:59to have a hand in helping to develop the technology.
- 00:24:04All right.
- 00:24:06All right, ready?
- 00:24:08Just slide it in.
- 00:24:10Turn this... tighten.
- 00:24:12[knob ratcheting]
- 00:24:13How tight?
- 00:24:14As tight as you can before it really hurts...
- 00:24:16-Oh, really? -...because the tighter it is,
- 00:24:18-the better reading we'll see. -Okay.
- 00:24:20-Now we apply the probe... -Okay.
- 00:24:22...so it can read your movements.
- 00:24:24Now we also
- 00:24:25have to work on the algorithm and the machine learning,
- 00:24:27and for this, we will need you to train.
- 00:24:29Okay.
- 00:24:30An able-bodied person, when you move your finger,
- 00:24:33you're not thinking about moving your finger,
- 00:24:35you just do it, because that's how we're hardwired,
- 00:24:37but, honestly, I don't really remember
- 00:24:39what it was like to even have that hand.
- 00:24:41[Weinberg] Even though an amputee doesn't have a thumb,
- 00:24:44they still have the muscle.
- 00:24:45You still have some kind of memory
- 00:24:48of how you moved your fingers,
- 00:24:49and you can think about moving your phantom fingers,
- 00:24:52and the muscles would move accordingly,
- 00:24:54and that's exactly what we use in order to, uh,
- 00:24:56recreate the motion and put it in a prosthetic arm.
- 00:24:59But does Jay still remember how to move fingers
- 00:25:03that he didn't have for, I believe, 30 years ago?
- 00:25:06Now we'll run the model,
- 00:25:08and you'll be able to control the hand.
- 00:25:10[chuckles] You're optimistic. I'm crossing fingers.
- 00:25:13Can I cross these fingers? [laughs]
- 00:25:15Is that... is that an option yet?
- 00:25:17Having Jay here for a day
- 00:25:19and hoping to get him to a point
- 00:25:21that he controls finger by finger,
- 00:25:23I'm a little concerned that it will not work
- 00:25:25in such a short period of time.
- 00:25:28Okay. And...
- 00:25:29-Ready? -Yeah. You should try each of the fingers.
- 00:25:32All right, that's the thumb...
- 00:25:35-Oh, shit! -Unbelievable.
- 00:25:39All right, index...
- 00:25:41Yay!
- 00:25:42Wow, I'm surprised.
- 00:25:44Middle...
- 00:25:46[Barnes] Dude.
- 00:25:50Five for five?
- 00:25:53-[all cheering] -All five of them!
- 00:25:56-Whoa. -That's wild.
- 00:25:57All right, let me do it again.
- 00:25:59You're a natural, man.
- 00:26:00Doesn't that feel crazy?
- 00:26:02-Yeah! -Feels wild.
- 00:26:04-I didn't think it'd be as good. -I didn't either.
- 00:26:06He hit me in the back after it worked, so...
- 00:26:09That's the first time.
- 00:26:10[Schneider] It's like a game-changer, even in its infancy,
- 00:26:13which is kind of insane,
- 00:26:14because it can only get better from there.
- 00:26:17And it's really cool to play a small part in that.
- 00:26:19[Weinberg] Now we have two main goals.
- 00:26:21First, you need to move your muscle or your phantom finger,
- 00:26:24and immediately see response, so this is one direction of research.
- 00:26:28The other direction is to make it more accurate.
- 00:26:31Being able to type on a keyboard,
- 00:26:33use a computer mouse, uh, open a water bottle,
- 00:26:35things like that that most people take for granted.
- 00:26:38It's kind of like a... you know, sci-fi movie, soon to be written.
- 00:26:41-[laughter] -Give us five, right?
- 00:26:44That's awkward... oh, robot to robot hand.
- 00:26:46Nice!
- 00:26:49-That's... that was real, right? -Yeah.
- 00:26:51If I find out you guys had a button under that desk...
- 00:26:53No, nah, I promise. I promise.
- 00:26:56[Downey] What began as one man's pursuit
- 00:26:58to innovate music through A.I. and robotics
- 00:27:01unexpectedly became something much greater.
- 00:27:05A human body cooperating with a bionic hand
- 00:27:08is one thing...
- 00:27:09but is it possible to humanize a machine
- 00:27:12to the point that it truly seems lifelike?
- 00:27:15Or is that still sci-fi, and far, far away?
- 00:27:25[Greg] How did things go with Will?
- 00:27:26[Sagar] You know, one of the real challenges there
- 00:27:29was just getting enough material
- 00:27:30that we could actually come back with.
- 00:27:33We can't possibly capture somebody's real personality,
- 00:27:36you know, that's impossible,
- 00:27:38but in order for it to really work,
- 00:27:40it's really important to capture a feeling of Will.
- 00:27:44Right, so...
- 00:27:45[Downey] Will's avatar is actually Mark's first go
- 00:27:48at creating a digital copy of a real person.
- 00:27:51Wow, that's looking pretty good.
- 00:27:53[Downey] He's not just trying to clone a human,
- 00:27:56by any stretch,
- 00:27:57but trying to create an artificial stand-in
- 00:27:59that's somewhat believable.
- 00:28:01Still, like most firsts, it's bumpy,
- 00:28:04and it's a cautious road into the unknown.
- 00:28:07[tech] A big challenge that I've found
- 00:28:09while I've been looking through a lot of the images
- 00:28:11is it seems that Will was moving a lot during the shots.
- 00:28:14[Colin Hodges] Okay. When we're building digital Will,
- 00:28:16we have about eight artists on our team
- 00:28:19that come together
- 00:28:20and pull all of the different components
- 00:28:22to bring together this real-time character
- 00:28:24that's driven by the artificial intelligence
- 00:28:26to behave like Will behaves.
- 00:28:29Big challenges we've got
- 00:28:31is how we create Will's personality.
- 00:28:34Yeah. Like, the liveliness
- 00:28:35and the energy that he generates,
- 00:28:37and the excitement.
- 00:28:39The facial hair was a challenge.
- 00:28:41Because it's so sparse, it's quite tricky to get
- 00:28:44the hair separated from the skin.
- 00:28:46[Sagar] We have to be able to synthesize
- 00:28:48the sort of feel that you're interacting with Will.
- 00:28:51So, Teah, I've got some stuff to hear.
- 00:28:54We've got 16 variations.
- 00:28:56-16 variations? -Yeah.
- 00:28:58[Sagar] We take the voice data that we've got,
- 00:29:01and then we can enable the digital version of Will
- 00:29:03to say all kinds of different things.
- 00:29:05[digital Will] Here's the forecast.
- 00:29:07Yo, check out the forecast.
- 00:29:08Yo, check out the weather and shit.
- 00:29:10Here's the weather. Check out the weather.
- 00:29:11Yah, 'bout to make it rain!
- 00:29:13Kinda.
- 00:29:14[Sagar] That's fantastic... the words,
- 00:29:16the delivery, emphasis...
- 00:29:18Shows you just how complex people react.
- 00:29:23[will.i.am] It's awesome where we are in the world of tech.
- 00:29:27Scary where we are, as well.
- 00:29:29My mind started thinking, like, "Wait a second here.
- 00:29:32Why am I doing this?
- 00:29:34What's the endgame?"
- 00:29:37Because, eventually, I won't be around,
- 00:29:41but it would.
- 00:29:43[Downey] Will's endgame is more modest than Mark's:
- 00:29:45a beefed-up Instagram following, a virtual assistant,
- 00:29:48anything that might help him expand his creative outlets
- 00:29:51or free up time for more creative or philanthropic pursuits.
- 00:29:57Okay, so, here we go.
- 00:30:00That's looking really different.
- 00:30:02It's gonna be really interesting,
- 00:30:04because, you know, it's not every day
- 00:30:06you get confronted with your virtual self.
- 00:30:08Right.
- 00:30:09Does he feel that this is like him?
- 00:30:12If it's not representative of him
- 00:30:14or if he doesn't think it's authentic,
- 00:30:15then he won't want to support it.
- 00:30:22-What up, Mark? -Oh, hey, how are you?
- 00:30:24-You can see me, right? -Yes.
- 00:30:26Yo, wassup? This is will.i.am.
- 00:30:29[laughing]
- 00:30:30[Sagar] This is the new version of you.
- 00:30:31We can give him glasses there.
- 00:30:33[will.i.am laughs] That's awesome.
- 00:30:35I remember I had a pimple on my face that day. You captured it.
- 00:30:38The good thing is, it's digital,
- 00:30:40and we can remove it really easily.
- 00:30:42How come you didn't remove that? [laughs]
- 00:30:44[Sagar] You can make him do a variety of things.
- 00:30:47Let's play "Simon Says."
- 00:30:49Say, "I sound like a girl."
- 00:30:50I sound like a girl.
- 00:30:52Say that with a higher pitch.
- 00:30:54[high voice] I sound like a girl.
- 00:30:56Raise your eyebrows.
- 00:30:59Poke out your tongue.
- 00:31:00[Will laughs]
- 00:31:02[will.i.am] Tell me about growing up in Los Angeles.
- 00:31:05I was born and raised in Boyle Heights,
- 00:31:06which is west of east Los Angeles,
- 00:31:08which is east of Hollywood.
- 00:31:10Just east of downtown.
- 00:31:12[will.i.am] Should it sound exactly like me?
- 00:31:14Nope.
- 00:31:16Should it sound a little bit robotic?
- 00:31:17Yes. It should.
- 00:31:20For my mom.
- 00:31:22My mom should not be confused.
- 00:31:24What's your name?
- 00:31:26[in Spanish] Mi nombre es Will.
- 00:31:27[in English] You speak Spanish?
- 00:31:29I don't know.
- 00:31:30[laughing]
- 00:31:31I know it needs some fine-tuning,
- 00:31:33but the way it's looking so far
- 00:31:35is mind-blowing.
- 00:31:36Thanks, Mark.
- 00:31:38Yeah, no worries.
- 00:31:39[Sagar] How far do you go down that path
- 00:31:41until you can label it a living...
- 00:31:44a digital living character?
- 00:31:47This raises some of the deepest questions
- 00:31:50in science and philosophy, actually,
- 00:31:53you know, the nature of free will.
- 00:31:55How do you actually
- 00:31:56build a character which is truly autonomous?
- 00:31:58Peek-a-boo!
- 00:32:01[Baby X giggles]
- 00:32:02What is free will? What does it take to do that?
- 00:32:05[Weinberg] Artificial Intelligence
- 00:32:07is crucial to the work we are doing,
- 00:32:09to inspire, to surprise,
- 00:32:10to push human creativity and abilities
- 00:32:13to uncharted domains.
- 00:32:15[all cheering]
- 00:32:16Unbelievable.
- 00:32:18[playing drums]
- 00:32:22[Downey] Free will...
- 00:32:25...it's something we've been grappling with
- 00:32:27for thousands of years, from Aristotle to Descartes,
- 00:32:30and will continue to grapple with for a thousand more.
- 00:32:33Will we ever be able to make an A.I.
- 00:32:35that can think on its own?
- 00:32:37A second, artificial version of me
- 00:32:39that is truly autonomous?
- 00:32:42A Robert that can actually think and feel on his own,
- 00:32:45while this Robert here takes a nap?
- 00:32:48[engines roaring]
- 00:32:49Impossible?
- 00:32:51Well, when you consider
- 00:32:52what human cooperation has already accomplished...
- 00:32:55a man on the moon...
- 00:32:57decoding the human genome...
- 00:32:59discovering faraway galaxies...
- 00:33:02I'd put my money on dreamers like Mark and Gil
- 00:33:05over the "Earth is flat" folks any day.
- 00:33:09Until then... nap time.
- 00:33:16[man 1] Look at our world today.
- 00:33:18Look at everything we've created.
- 00:33:21Artificial Intelligence is gonna be
- 00:33:23the technology that takes that to the next level.
- 00:33:26[man 2] Artificial Intelligence can help us
- 00:33:28to feed the world's population.
- 00:33:30[man 3] The fact that we can find where famine might happen,
- 00:33:33it's mind-blowing.
- 00:33:35These are conflict areas,
- 00:33:37this is an area that we need to look at protecting.
- 00:33:39Then launch A.I.
- 00:33:41[man 4] We are going to release the speed limit on your car.
- 00:33:46Tim, can you hear me?
- 00:33:47[man 5] With A.I.,
- 00:33:49ideas are easy, execution is hard.
- 00:33:52[Domingos] What excites me the most about where we might be going
- 00:33:55is having more super-powers...
- 00:33:57[firefighter] I got him!
- 00:33:58[Domingos] ...and A.I. is super-powers for our mind.
- 00:34:00[man 6] Even though the limb is synthetic materials,
- 00:34:03it moves as if it's flesh and bone.
- 00:34:05[woman 1] You start to think about a world
- 00:34:07where you can prevent disease before it happens.
- 00:34:09[man 7] A.I. can give us that answer
- 00:34:11that we've been seeking all along...
- 00:34:13"Are we alone?"
- 00:34:14Bah!
- 00:34:15[man 8] I love the idea that there are passionate people
- 00:34:17dedicating their time and energy
- 00:34:19to making these things happen.
- AI
- Digital Consciousness
- Prosthetics
- Music Technology
- Human-Machine Collaboration
- Innovation
- Artificial Identity
- Affective Computing
- Autonomous Thought
- Technology Advancement