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topic one discursive oral genres
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in professional and academic fields
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genre
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are genres really out there in the world
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or are they merely the constructions
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of analysts is there a finite taxonomy
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of genres
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or are they in principle infinite are
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genres
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timeless platonic essences or ephemeral
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time-bound entities are genres
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culture-bound
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or transcultural should genre analysis
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be descriptive
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or prescriptive
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it answers the first question they are
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definitely out there when we watch a
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horror movie for example we expect to be
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scared
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if we go to a lecture we expect to be
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informed
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is there a finite taxonomy of genres
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well
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genres are finite and are growing
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and diminishing at the same time so they
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are not timeless
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genres can disappear and of course new
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genres can appear
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are they culture bound without a doubt
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some genres are
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but in this day and age cultural
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boundaries are often crossed
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should they be descriptive or
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prescriptive
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certainly here we are only interested in
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describing them
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but we are all limited by what is
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expected of each genre
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and people will expect you to conform to
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their expectations
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of what each genre is
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language and context
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in holidays language as social semiotic
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language is seen as a form of
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socialization
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we perform within what holiday calls
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contexts of situation
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academia would be a macro context
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of situation the environment in which
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language is used
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within academia there are situation
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types such as seminars classes
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vibers talks keynote talks
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etc
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in these situation types to a certain
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extent
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linguistic interaction becomes
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conventionalized
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there are links between contexts of
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situation
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and semantic and lexico semantic
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patterns or features
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for example when finishing the
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introduction to a guest speaker
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we might say and now without further ado
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professor higgins you wouldn't do this
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if you were introducing the same person
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during a coffee break
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as we have seen holiday uses the term
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register
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rather than genre however
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subsequently martin introduces the
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notion of purpose
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that is the function of a register
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within a culture
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and adopts the term genre or context of
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culture
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register here we're going to look at
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register a little bit more closely
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here we see the three components of
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context of situation
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that is field tenor and mode which we
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will look at in a moment
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and their counterparts in language the
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meta functions
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ideational interpersonal and textual
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these can be analyzed at three levels
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discord semantics
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lexicogramma and phonology graphology
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the first level of register the context
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of situation involves
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field that is the main social activity
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taking place
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tenor that is the participants and how
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they relate to one another and
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mode that is if it's spoken written
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written to be spoken synchronous
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asynchronous
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in an academic presentation field would
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be
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what is presented for example here
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we're giving i'm giving a little talk
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about genre
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the tenor how the audience is engaged by
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the speaker
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for example a level of formality and
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mode would be the type of communication
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used
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in the lecture for example verbal or
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visual
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what happens at the level of context of
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situation has
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parallels in the language as we said
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before there are three meta functions
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ideational
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interpersonal and textual
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ideational is basically constrain the
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world as in
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as events entities and circumstances
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uh this can be normally seen in the
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vocabulary
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and this corresponds roughly to field
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interpersonal refers to ways in which we
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interact with others in the expression
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of relationships
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values and attitude for example through
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modal verbs
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it corresponds to tenor
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textual refers to the organization of
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text
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discourse what is made explicit
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what is assumed as background knowledge
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and this can often be seen through
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conjunctions anaphora and theme
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rheem it corresponds to mode
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oral academic genres
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for example lectures seminars
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academic presentations keynotes
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project meetings and vibers
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that is the defense of masters and phd
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dissertations among others
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lectures the purpose is normally to
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deliver new
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information to students
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regarding the field we have a setting
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which is normally a large
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lecture hall a theme
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the subject of what is being talked
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about the field of study
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the discipline could be biology
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literature chemistry whatever
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the tenor the lecturer
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is normally accompanied by a large
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number of students
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the language and the behavior of the
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participant is normally
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formal the lecture is normally
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seen as a an expert and the student
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as a novice the mode
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is face to face this can be on site
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that is in the lecture hall or also
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nowadays
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to a great extent um can be distal that
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is
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at a distance for example through a
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video conference normally it takes the
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form of a spoken monologue
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so obviously there are words and then we
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have
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images on slides and on the part
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of the students we have note taking
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seminar to discuss topics
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introduced in the reading material given
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to the students
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and also in the lectures to ascertain
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students knowledge of the subject
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the field well normally the setting is a
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seminar room
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and as before the theme depends on
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on the discipline we are talking about
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tenner
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we have a lecturer and normally a small
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number of students
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the language and behavior tends to be a
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little bit more informal rather than
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formal mode once again
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face to face but it's spoken dialogic
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interaction
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rather than a monologue and there are
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questions and answers
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and note taking
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academic presentation or keynotes
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the purpose is to share knowledge on
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specific subjects
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or in the case of keynotes normally it's
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an offer an overview of part of the
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field
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if it's an academic presentation it's
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normally in a small room
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or smallish room if it's a keynote
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normally a
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lecture hall and of course the theme
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would be the field of study the
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discipline
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tenor the tenor is different it's
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also formal but the participants are
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academic peers
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the mode once again face to face
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spoken monologue but also
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in the question and answer section there
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is spoken interaction notes are normally
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taken
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on the part of the the audience
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project meetings well the
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purpose is to discuss and develop
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projects
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to see what what has been done and what
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needs to be done
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field normally it's in a small room and
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the theme is the subject of the project
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what the project is all about
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the tenor normally involves peers
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and generally from my experiences
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is much more informal but there are
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formal aspects
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too the mode face to face there are
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spoken reports
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uh spoken interaction questions and
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answers people
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normally everyone takes notes in a
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project meeting
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uh vivas
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is to examine students knowledge of a
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subject
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setting normally a a room and the theme
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is the theme of the
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subject of the dissertation tenna we
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normally have
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academics on one side
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and one student tends to be very
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formal and ceremonial
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the mode is face to face normally a
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monologue but
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this time the monologue is given by the
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student
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and then there there's a question a q a
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section
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where the academics ask the student
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questions
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okay let's have a look at the lecture
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but from the point of view of context
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of situation and its connection with the
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lexico grammar
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for example imagine we're talking about
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biology that's the field
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um there would be biological lexus of
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vocabulary
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um verbs of existing and being verbs of
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doing and happening
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regarding the tenor we would have
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as we have seen lecturers and students
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um the language mostly declaratives that
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statements
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some directives or orders for example
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look at slide three
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and then interrogatives for example
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during the question and answer
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section mode is
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normally formal it's a spoken monologue
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with breaks for questions or with
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questions at the end
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um okay we normally have
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regarding the mode as we saw before i
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think
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we have discourse markers to signal
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structure
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okay right now this tends to split up
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the different sections of the lecture
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okay here are some references you will
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have this
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video so you can look at the references
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if you so wish
