00:00:00
A portion of this video is sponsored by
00:00:02
Radio Code. For centuries, cancer has
00:00:04
been thought of as an insidious disease,
00:00:06
an insatiable force consuming the body
00:00:08
from the inside out. In the 1600s,
00:00:10
physicians even tried feeding it,
00:00:12
literally. Applying raw meat to tumor
00:00:14
areas in a desperate hope that cancer
00:00:16
would select stake over patient. With
00:00:18
morbid fascination, the idea of somehow
00:00:20
controlling cancer's hunger has
00:00:22
permeated everything from old wives
00:00:23
tales recommending fasting. I feel like
00:00:26
a new man to their modern-day
00:00:28
equivalent, your friendly neighborhood
00:00:30
wellness guru. And it was a so-called
00:00:32
wellness warrior. Bel Gibson admits she
00:00:34
made up the whole story. But is there
00:00:36
any meat to this idea? Well, maybe. And
00:00:39
it comes from a kind of unexpected
00:00:41
place. Fat. Those extra holiday pounds
00:00:44
may have inspired a team at the
00:00:45
University of California, San Francisco,
00:00:47
who just published their latest findings
00:00:49
in Nature Biotechnology on how fat may
00:00:52
be our first weapon capable of starving
00:00:54
cancer. No radiation, no chemo, just fat
00:00:58
doing what fat does best. Welcome to a
00:01:00
series that I'm calling on the shoulders
00:01:01
of giants. Because to me, when you want
00:01:03
to peer into the distance and understand
00:01:04
the future of what is possible, you need
00:01:06
to look down sometimes to see whose
00:01:08
shoulders you're actually standing on.
00:01:09
So, let's cut the fat, reach for another
00:01:11
Dorito, and start at the beginning. How
00:01:12
do we understand cancer's hunger for the
00:01:14
very first
00:01:19
time? In the early 1900s, German
00:01:22
physiologist Otto Warberg was fascinated
00:01:24
by how cells generate energy. In
00:01:27
particular, the differences between
00:01:28
normal and cancerous cells and what
00:01:30
allowed cancer to grow so quickly. At
00:01:32
the time, scientists knew that cells
00:01:34
needed glucose and oxygen to survive.
00:01:36
But the exact process, like glycolysis,
00:01:38
the KB cycle, or any of those other
00:01:40
things that haunt us from high school
00:01:41
biology class, was still reasonably
00:01:43
mysterious. Warberg set out to measure
00:01:45
how much oxygen cancer cells consumed.
00:01:47
In a petri dish, he laid healthy cells
00:01:49
and slices of tumor in a carefully
00:01:51
prepared nutrient solution and connected
00:01:53
them to his customuilt monometer to
00:01:56
track their oxygen use. The results
00:01:58
stunned him. Healthy cells consumed
00:02:00
oxygen at a rate he had seen time and
00:02:02
time again. But the tumor cells barely
00:02:05
used any oxygen at all. Believing this
00:02:07
was maybe a mistake, potentially due to
00:02:09
lack of nutrients in the solution, he
00:02:10
topped up the glucose levels in the
00:02:12
petri dishes and ran the experiment
00:02:14
again. This time, the results were even
00:02:16
more surprising. In the presence of
00:02:18
excess glucose, cancer cells stopped
00:02:20
using any oxygen at all. But how could
00:02:22
this be? Confused, Wahberg began adding
00:02:25
various testing agents to his solution.
00:02:27
When he added phenol red, he saw an
00:02:29
immediate bright yellow hue filled the
00:02:31
petri dish. His fast growing cancer
00:02:33
cells were thriving in a pool of acid.
00:02:36
Chemical analysis revealed it to be
00:02:38
lactic acid, the compound also produced
00:02:40
by muscle cells under extreme exertion.
00:02:42
But this wasn't just a minor increase.
00:02:44
In some cases, Wahberg recorded up to a
00:02:46
70fold rise in lactate production
00:02:48
compared to normal cells. Then came the
00:02:51
real revelation. He measured glucose
00:02:53
uptake across both cell types. Normal
00:02:55
tissue consumed about 16 mg of glucose
00:02:58
per 100cc of medium. Tumors over 70 mg,
00:03:03
a four-fold increase. Wahberg for the
00:03:05
very first time had proven that cancer
00:03:07
was genuinely a disease of voracious
00:03:09
appetite. But the core mystery remained.
00:03:12
If cancer cells weren't oxidizing
00:03:14
glucose, what were they doing? In
00:03:16
healthy cells, glucose is broken down
00:03:17
through glycolysis, then shuttled into
00:03:19
the mitochondria, powerhouse of the
00:03:21
cell, for oxidative phosphorilation, a
00:03:23
highly efficient process that for each
00:03:25
molecule of glucose produces over 30
00:03:27
molecules of ATP, the energy used by
00:03:30
cells. But in cancer cells, Warberg saw
00:03:32
something else entirely, a reversion to
00:03:34
a primitive, inefficient pathway. They
00:03:37
were stopping at glycolysis, producing
00:03:39
just 2 ATP per glucose, and dumping the
00:03:43
rest as lactic acid. Warberg proposed
00:03:45
something radical that this switch
00:03:48
wasn't a symptom of cancer. It was the
00:03:50
cause. Warber believed that damaged
00:03:52
respiration, a defect in the
00:03:53
mitochondrial function, forced cells to
00:03:55
adopt glycolysis as default and that
00:03:57
this shift was what triggered
00:03:59
uncontrolled cell growth. This idea
00:04:00
would become known as the Warberg
00:04:02
effect. That cancer would throw
00:04:03
efficiency to the wind and take a growth
00:04:05
at all costs approach. While not
00:04:07
completely universal, this increased
00:04:09
glucose consumption is seen in 70 to 80%
00:04:11
of cancers to varying degrees. We can
00:04:14
actually see cancer's hunger in real
00:04:16
time thanks to a technique called
00:04:17
posetron emission tomography or PET
00:04:19
imaging. It works by injecting a patient
00:04:21
with radioactively labeled glucose,
00:04:23
essentially glowing sugar, then tracing
00:04:25
where in the body that glucose gets
00:04:27
consumed most rapidly. That bright spot
00:04:29
in the pancreas is a tumor so
00:04:31
metabolically active that it's
00:04:33
comparable with the brain and heart in
00:04:35
terms of glucose usage. It's not just
00:04:37
growing, it's feasting. In this second
00:04:39
image taken after several rounds of
00:04:40
chemotherapy, that bright spot is gone.
00:04:43
The tumor's metabolic signal has
00:04:44
vanished. Hopefully a sign that the
00:04:46
treatment has worked. Up until his
00:04:48
death, Wahberg was convinced of just one
00:04:50
thing. That cancer's hunger could be its
00:04:52
greatest weakness. And that became a
00:04:54
very compelling idea. Could the
00:04:56
treatment for cancer be as simple as
00:04:59
just limiting its energy supply? We'll
00:05:01
answer that question, but first I have
00:05:02
to thank the most relevant sponsor
00:05:03
possible, Radio Code. I've been carrying
00:05:05
one of these around while living in
00:05:06
Paris for the past few months. The radio
00:05:08
code 103 is the world's most popular
00:05:10
pocket-siz nuclear detector and
00:05:11
spectrometer. It is the perfect gear for
00:05:13
science lovers, curious minds, or anyone
00:05:14
who wants to add a check for radiation
00:05:16
to their daily routine. Phone, wallet,
00:05:18
keys, geer counter sorted. I genuinely
00:05:20
think these things are awesome, and
00:05:21
they've been with me on all sorts of
00:05:23
adventures, like visiting the world's
00:05:24
largest electricity pylon, or this
00:05:26
mysterious loaf of bread that appears
00:05:27
each day at 5:00 p.m. on Route
00:05:28
Lafayette. Happy to report that both are
00:05:30
radiation free. What's even cooler is
00:05:31
the built-in GPS radiation tracking. You
00:05:33
can walk or run through a city and
00:05:35
generate a live radiation heat map of
00:05:36
your route. a scientific flex that beats
00:05:38
every straa post out there. And because
00:05:40
it's also a spectrometer, it doesn't
00:05:41
just detect radiation, it tells you what
00:05:43
kind it is. Cesm 137, radium 226,
00:05:46
uranium 238. It's like Pokémon Go for
00:05:49
isotopes. Radiode also offers a
00:05:51
completely free app for mobile and
00:05:52
desktop. And they've got a growing range
00:05:53
of accessories for added protection,
00:05:55
harder to reach places, or just a touch
00:05:57
more radioactive style. You can check
00:05:58
them out at radiocode.com. Thank you
00:06:00
Radiocode for sponsoring the channel.
00:06:01
Now, back to the
00:06:05
video. Wberg's research didn't just
00:06:07
influence science. It lit a spark in
00:06:09
public imagination. The idea that you
00:06:11
could starve cancer by cutting off its
00:06:13
fuel supply became deeply appealing,
00:06:15
especially to those seeking alternatives
00:06:17
to mainstream medicine. The earliest
00:06:19
approaches were surprisingly
00:06:20
straightforward. If cancer cells thrive
00:06:22
on glucose, could removing sugar and
00:06:24
carbs from the diet cut off their
00:06:26
supply? Enter the ketogenic diet.
00:06:29
Originally developed in the 1920s to
00:06:31
treat epilepsy, keto gained a new life
00:06:33
among cancer diet advocates. By
00:06:35
eliminating carbohydrates and replacing
00:06:37
them with fats and proteins, the theory
00:06:39
went you could lower blood glucose and
00:06:41
starve the tumor. On the surface, it
00:06:43
sounded entirely scientifically
00:06:45
possible. But trial after trial failed
00:06:47
to show any consistent benefit. Not for
00:06:50
tumor shrinkage, not for survival, and
00:06:52
that wasn't unique to keto. Every
00:06:53
so-called anti-cancer diet followed the
00:06:56
same pattern. big promises,
00:06:58
disappointing results. One of the most
00:06:59
prominent examples, the Budwig diet, was
00:07:02
deeply influenced by Warberg's theories.
00:07:04
Dr. Johanna Budwig believed cancer was
00:07:06
caused by faulty cellular respiration,
00:07:08
specifically that cells weren't
00:07:09
absorbing oxygen properly due to a lack
00:07:11
of essential fatty acids. Her solution,
00:07:14
a blend of flax seed oil and cottage
00:07:16
cheese, equal parts delicious, as
00:07:18
entirely unlikely to work. She claimed
00:07:20
it could restore healthy fat metabolism
00:07:22
and oxygen uptake in cells. But while
00:07:23
her recipe may have made headlines, no
00:07:25
scientific study ever showed it could
00:07:27
impact cancer's outcomes. It was wishful
00:07:30
thinking wrapped in scientific language.
00:07:32
The alkaline diet went down a similar
00:07:33
path. It claimed that certain foods
00:07:35
could shift the body's pH and neutralize
00:07:37
the lactic acid buildup around tumors,
00:07:39
but it mistood something fundamental
00:07:40
that the acidity is a byproduct of
00:07:42
cancer metabolism, not the cause. And
00:07:44
more importantly, the body tightly
00:07:45
regulates pH regardless of what you eat.
00:07:48
Again, no evidence of benefit. And then
00:07:50
we got into slightly more dangerous
00:07:51
examples like Bel Gibson's whole pantry
00:07:54
movement. She built an entire wellness
00:07:55
empire on the claim that she'd cured her
00:07:57
cancer with diet and lifestyle changes.
00:08:00
But in the end, the only whole thing
00:08:02
about it was how much she'd made up. She
00:08:04
later admitted she'd never had cancer to
00:08:06
begin with. Time and time again, these
00:08:07
miracle diets failed the test of
00:08:09
scientific evidence. Some were rooted in
00:08:11
genuine scientific questions. Others
00:08:13
were pure
00:08:15
pseudocience. But none could outsmart
00:08:17
the problem at the heart of cancer. It
00:08:19
is exceptionally good at finding what it
00:08:21
needs. As a tumor grows, it burns
00:08:23
through nutrients faster than its
00:08:25
surroundings can provide. The local
00:08:27
tissue becomes hypoxic, oxygen starved,
00:08:29
and the tumor responds by sending out
00:08:31
molecular distress signals, veg F, or
00:08:34
vascular endothelial growth factor. This
00:08:36
triggers nearby blood vessels to sprout
00:08:38
new branches, a process called
00:08:39
angioenesis, delivering fresh blood,
00:08:42
oxygen, and nutrients straight to the
00:08:43
tumor's door. And this brings us to the
00:08:45
brutal truth. This is the fundamental
00:08:47
flaw in any whole body approach to
00:08:49
starving cancer. Whether through diet,
00:08:51
fasting, or anything else. Even if you
00:08:53
put your entire body into a nutrient or
00:08:55
energy deficit, cancer cells have
00:08:57
evolved to protect themselves, they
00:08:59
suffer less than the surrounding healthy
00:09:01
tissues. Or put more simply, you starve
00:09:04
before the cancer does. And to be clear,
00:09:06
this isn't just a problem for
00:09:07
alternative medicine. This is a
00:09:08
challenge even for traditional
00:09:10
clinically tested therapies. One of the
00:09:12
most accidentally fascinating
00:09:13
discoveries in this space come from a
00:09:15
drug you've probably heard of. Metformin
00:09:17
prescribed to lower blood glucose in
00:09:19
diabetics. Metformin is one of the most
00:09:21
widely used drugs in the world. Over 86
00:09:23
million prescriptions were filled in the
00:09:25
US alone in 2022. When researchers
00:09:28
looked at cancer rates among diabetic
00:09:29
patients, they noticed something
00:09:31
striking. Those taking metformin were
00:09:33
significantly less likely to develop
00:09:35
cancer by anywhere from 30 to 50%
00:09:38
compared to diabetics who weren't on the
00:09:40
drug. But if a patient went on to
00:09:42
develop cancer, that benefit
00:09:44
disappeared. Metformin didn't improve
00:09:46
survival rates, it couldn't stop a tumor
00:09:48
that was already entrenched. So the
00:09:49
question became, if cutting supplies off
00:09:51
at the whole body level doesn't work,
00:09:54
what if we flipped the problem around?
00:09:56
What if instead of starving the entire
00:09:58
system, we robbed the tumor right at its
00:10:00
doorstep just before the nutrients ever
00:10:03
arrived?
00:10:07
In 2002, a group of radiologists and
00:10:09
researchers split between the University
00:10:11
Hospital Zurich and the University of
00:10:13
Ottawa made an unexpected observation.
00:10:15
While analyzing PET scans, they noticed
00:10:17
a consistent strong signal lighting up
00:10:19
around the neck and spine in some
00:10:21
adults. At first, they assumed it was
00:10:23
just muscle activity, which does uptake
00:10:26
more glucose when active. But something
00:10:28
didn't fit. The signal got even stronger
00:10:30
when the subjects were exposed to cold
00:10:32
temperatures. Curious, they compared the
00:10:35
PET images with CT scans and realized
00:10:37
this tissue wasn't muscle at all. It was
00:10:40
brown adapose tissue, also known as
00:10:43
brown fat. Now, brown fat is very
00:10:45
different from white fat that most of us
00:10:46
familiar with, the kind that simply
00:10:48
stores energy. Brown fat burns energy.
00:10:51
It generates heat, keeping the body's
00:10:52
temperature stable, and is critical for
00:10:54
newborns who can't shiver effectively
00:10:56
yet. But the scientific consensus at the
00:10:58
time was that brown fat virtually
00:11:00
disappeared after infancy. Adults
00:11:02
weren't supposed to have it. Yet, there
00:11:04
it was, glowing brightly in the scans.
00:11:06
Subsequent studies, particularly by a
00:11:07
group of researchers in Japan, confirmed
00:11:09
it. When healthy adults were kept in a
00:11:11
19° C room, this is the room. Cool
00:11:14
enough to trigger thermogenesis, but not
00:11:16
cold enough to cause shivering. Their
00:11:17
brown fat lit up on PET scans. Not only
00:11:20
was it still present, it was
00:11:21
metabolically active. At the Karolinska
00:11:23
Institute in Sweden, researchers decided
00:11:26
to take this discovery one step further.
00:11:28
They wanted to understand how brown fats
00:11:29
might interact with cancer. They
00:11:31
designed a simple experiment. Mice were
00:11:33
implanted with tumor cells and then
00:11:35
split into two groups. One group was
00:11:37
kept cozy, living at 30° C, a
00:11:39
temperature that's warm enough that the
00:11:40
body doesn't need to generate extra
00:11:42
heat. The other group was moved to a
00:11:43
brisk 4° C environment. Cold enough to
00:11:46
activate thermogenesis, but not cold
00:11:48
enough to cause constant shivering. Over
00:11:50
the next several weeks, the researchers
00:11:51
carefully tracked tumor growth and
00:11:53
glucose uptake using PET scans, and the
00:11:55
results were compelling. In the warm
00:11:57
environment, tumors showed strong uptake
00:11:58
of radioactive glucose, just as you'd
00:12:00
expect. But in the cold exposed mice, it
00:12:02
was a different story. The brown fat
00:12:04
activated for thermogenesis, competing
00:12:06
aggressively for glucose. And as a
00:12:08
result, the tumors became starved with
00:12:10
their primary fuel. The impact of which
00:12:12
was dramatic. Tumor glucose uptake
00:12:14
dropped significantly. By day 20 after
00:12:16
tumor implantation, researchers observed
00:12:18
an 80% inhibition of tumor growth
00:12:21
compared to the warm group. And even
00:12:23
more striking, the overall survival
00:12:24
rates of cold exposed mice was double
00:12:26
that of the warm group. But could this
00:12:28
cold induced effect actually work in
00:12:30
humans? In 2021, researchers tested the
00:12:33
idea in a very limited but intriguing
00:12:35
human study. They worked with a patient
00:12:36
diagnosed with Hodkdins lymphoma,
00:12:38
exposing them to mild cold, just 16° C
00:12:41
for 4 days. PET scans showed clear
00:12:44
activation of brown fat and more
00:12:46
importantly a noticeable decrease in
00:12:48
glucose uptake at the tumor sites. It
00:12:50
wasn't a cure and it wasn't
00:12:51
comprehensive, but it was the first real
00:12:53
evidence in a human that brown fat could
00:12:55
outco compete cancer for its fuel.
00:12:57
effectively starving a tumor. A glimmer
00:13:00
of hope, maybe, just maybe, Wahberg's
00:13:02
century old findings could still shape
00:13:04
modern cancer therapy. But there was
00:13:06
obviously a problem. To maintain the
00:13:08
effect, the patient would likely have to
00:13:09
stand in what's essentially a walk-in
00:13:11
fridge for weeks, possibly months. Hey,
00:13:13
look, a freezer man. While also avoiding
00:13:15
sugar or any excess glucose, not a
00:13:17
perfect recipe for a body already
00:13:19
weakened by battling cancer. So the
00:13:21
question became, could we take these
00:13:23
ideas and turn them into something
00:13:24
practical? Something targeted,
00:13:26
controlled, and therapeutic, something
00:13:28
that didn't require living in a freezer.
00:13:31
Woohoo! Look at that blubber fly. Nurse
00:13:33
cancel my water clock. Just published in
00:13:35
Nature Biotechnology, scientists at the
00:13:37
University of California, San Francisco,
00:13:39
asked a bold question. Could we skip the
00:13:42
freezing cold and still harness brown
00:13:44
fat's metabolic power, or more simply,
00:13:46
keep the hunger, lose the shivering?
00:13:47
Using crisper, they began genetically
00:13:49
engineering white fat cells to behave
00:13:51
more like brown fat. By inserting
00:13:53
upregulated specific genes from brown
00:13:55
fat cells, they aimed to create a new
00:13:57
kind of cell, one that could outco
00:13:59
compete cancer for nutrients without
00:14:01
needing to be cold activated. They
00:14:03
called these hybrid cells the slightly
00:14:04
unattractive sounding beige fat. To
00:14:06
figure out what genes worked best, they
00:14:08
ran a transwell experiment where two
00:14:10
different cell populations share the
00:14:12
same nutrient pool but are physically
00:14:13
separated. One gene in particular stood
00:14:16
out. UCP1, a key player in
00:14:19
thermogenesis. When they tested UCP-1
00:14:21
modified fat cells against cancer cells,
00:14:23
the results were shocking. At the end of
00:14:25
the experiment, almost no cancer cells
00:14:27
remained. Meanwhile, the beige fat cells
00:14:30
were thriving. Worried this was an
00:14:31
error, they repeated the trial again and
00:14:33
again and got the same outcome every
00:14:35
single time. They had taken the
00:14:36
competitive fuel guzzling metabolism of
00:14:38
brown fat, supercharged it, and severed
00:14:40
its dependence on cold. From fat, they
00:14:43
had made a weapon. To test it in a
00:14:44
living system, they turned the most
00:14:46
efficient UCP-1 modified cells into fat
00:14:48
organoids, tiny lab grown clumps of
00:14:51
tissue that function like miniature fat
00:14:52
organs, and they implanted them next to
00:14:54
tumor sites, like a set of metabolic
00:14:56
love handles poised to siphon off
00:14:57
nutrients before they ever reach the
00:14:59
tumor. 3 weeks later, they compared
00:15:01
tumor growth with a control group. Now,
00:15:03
fair warning, if you're a little bit
00:15:04
squeamish, you might want to look away,
00:15:05
but here's what they found. Tumors
00:15:07
adjacent to the beige fat organoids has
00:15:10
shrunk by more than 50%. And they
00:15:12
weren't just beating one type of cancer.
00:15:14
They outco competed aggressive cell
00:15:15
lines from breast, pancreatic, colon,
00:15:18
and prostate cancer. No chemotherapy, no
00:15:20
radiation, simply by being better at
00:15:23
consuming glucose. Turning one of the
00:15:24
body's own metabolic tools into a
00:15:26
precision weapon against one of its
00:15:28
greatest flaws. The researchers called
00:15:30
it living cell therapy. And fat, it
00:15:32
turns out, is a perfect medium for it.
00:15:34
Fat cells are easy to extract. We've
00:15:36
been doing it through liposuction for
00:15:37
decades. They grow well in a lab, can be
00:15:40
genetically modified with precision, and
00:15:42
crucially, they're easy to re-implant
00:15:44
using wellestablished medical
00:15:46
techniques, as evidenced by the myriad
00:15:47
of enhanced buttocks that we've seen
00:15:49
parading around the earth. Not a topic I
00:15:50
thought I'd cover in this video. Most
00:15:52
importantly, fat plays nicely with the
00:15:54
immune system. We know this from decades
00:15:56
of cosmetic surgery. Reimplanted fat
00:15:58
generally integrates smoothly without
00:16:00
triggering serious immune rejection.
00:16:02
That makes it an ideal candidate for a
00:16:05
cell-based therapeutic. Now, of course,
00:16:07
there is still further work to be done,
00:16:08
refining the method, scaling it up, and
00:16:10
eventually moving through rigorous
00:16:11
safety and efficacy trials. And it's
00:16:13
very reasonable to ask questions like,
00:16:14
"What if the tumors respond by ramping
00:16:16
up angioenesis?" Or, "If you manage to
00:16:18
starve them a little, many cancers might
00:16:20
just switch metabolic gears, burning fat
00:16:22
rather than glucose." Tackling those
00:16:24
problems is maybe for the next
00:16:26
generation of scientists to solve. But
00:16:28
now, at least you know whose shoulders
00:16:30
you're standing on. We aren't there yet,
00:16:32
but the concept is here, and the biology
00:16:34
broadly is sound. So imagine a future
00:16:36
perhaps not too far off where instead of
00:16:38
flooding the body with radiation or
00:16:40
chemotherapy, we seed it with enhanced
00:16:43
cells engineered not to attack the
00:16:44
cancer directly, but to starve it, and
00:16:47
we turn one of the body's softest
00:16:48
tissues into one of its sharpest medical
00:16:50
tools, so that one day in the future,
00:16:52
cancer may be left out to
00:16:54
starve. There's a quote I often come
00:16:57
back to about standing on the shoulders
00:16:58
of giants. It's largely how I think
00:17:00
about science, and it's the bit that has
00:17:01
always been interesting to me. It's the
00:17:03
unbroken chain of curiosity, often
00:17:05
stretching back across generations of
00:17:07
the smartest folk that we have on the
00:17:08
planet. Someone asks a question, someone
00:17:10
builds a tool, someone else runs an
00:17:12
experiment. There's always full starts,
00:17:14
but everything seems impossible until
00:17:16
someone actually does it. That's the
00:17:18
part that's always drawn me in. Not just
00:17:20
the breakthroughs, but how we actually
00:17:22
get there piece by piece, standing on
00:17:24
what came before us. I feel super lucky
00:17:26
that here on YouTube as well as in my
00:17:27
day job, understanding the future of
00:17:29
what is possible and working alongside
00:17:31
those scientists to actually make it
00:17:32
happen is part of what I get to do. I'm
00:17:34
super grateful I get to play a small
00:17:36
role and that I get to share a glimpse
00:17:38
of those journeys with you guys here.
00:17:40
That's the part of this that I love the
00:17:42
most. There have been a lot of new folk
00:17:43
joining the channel recently since at
00:17:45
least my last long video. I know what
00:17:47
you're all actually here
00:17:50
for. We have some really cool stuff
00:17:52
coming up in the next few months. I'm
00:17:54
excited to share with you. The algorithm
00:17:56
thinks that you might like this video
00:17:58
next, so maybe check it out. Thanks very
00:18:00
much for watching and I'll see you guys
00:18:01
next time. Goodbye. I feel like a new
00:18:04
man.
00:18:06
Not a Dorito. Off-brand Dorito.
