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CALDWELL, THANK YOU.
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GEOFF: A NUMBER OF STATES ARE
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MOVING TO REGULATE SOCIAL MEDIA
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USE AMONG CHILDREN AND TEENS.
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NEW YORK STATE IS THE LATEST
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WITH A NEW LAW THAT WOULD ALLOW
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PARENTS TO BLOCK THEIR CHILDREN
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FROM GETTING SOCIAL MEDIA POSTS
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SUGGESTED BY A PLATFORM'S
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ALGORITHM.
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ABOUT ONE IN FIVE AMERICAN
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ADOLESCENTS REPORT HAVING
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ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION.
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CDC DATA SHOW TEENAGE GIRLS ARE
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FACING RECORD LEVELS OF SADNESS
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AND SUICIDE RISK.
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IT ALL COMES AMID A LARGER
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CONVERSATION ABOUT SOCIAL MEDIA
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AND SMART PHONES.
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STEPHANIE SY HAS MORE.
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STEPHANIE: ON A RECENT MORNING
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IN DURANGO, COLORADO, STUDENTS
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FILE INTO MOUNTAIN MIDDLE
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SCHOOL.
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BUT BEFORE ENTERING, 14-YEAR-OLD
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JULIA FERNANDEZ SHUTS OFF HER
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CELL PHONE AND PUTS IT IN HER
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BACKPACK.
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THIS SCHOOL HAS A BAN ON CELL
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PHONE USE.
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HOW IS THAT GOING?
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>> I PERSONALLY AGREE WITH THE
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CELL PHONE BAND.
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WE HAVE A LOT OF PEOPLE WITH
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ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION.
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I FEEL IT GIVES IT A PAUSE.
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A DAY WITHOUT A CELL PHONE IS
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JUST A PAUSE.
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THAT IS NOT THE REASON WE HAVE
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THESE ISSUES, BUT IT IS A
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FACTOR.
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STEPHANIE: MOUNTAIN MIDDLE
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SCHOOL FIRST ENACTED THE POLICY
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IN 2013 WHEN SHANE VOSS BECAME
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HEAD OF THE PUBLIC CHARTER
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SCHOOL.
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STEPHANIE: WHERE DID CELL PHONE
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USE RANK IN YOUR MIND IN
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IMPORTANCE?
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>> IT WAS AT THE TOP.
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WE WANTED TO TEACH STUDENTS TO
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DEDICATE THEIR FULL ENERGY AND
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BE PRESENT, AND IT STARTED WITH
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CELL PHONES.
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STEPHANIE: EIGHTH GRADE TEACHER
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AND A BOON WAS ON BOARD WITH THE
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POLICY AFTER SHE OBSERVED HOW
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CELL PHONES AFFECTED STUDENTS AT
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A FORMER SCHOOL SHE WORKED AT.
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>> IF THEY DID NOT KNOW WHERE TO
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START WITH AN ASSIGNMENT, RATHER
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THAN TURNING TO A FRIEND OR ASK
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ME FOR HELP, THEY WOULD TAKE OUT
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THEIR PHONE AND DO SOMETHING
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DISTRACTING TO MANAGE
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DISCOMFORT.
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STEPHANIE: VOSS SAYS THE BAND
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HAS CUT DOWN DISTRACTION AND
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IMPROVED ACHIEVEMENT.
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WHEN IT COMES TO MENTAL HEALTH
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--
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>> IT IS NOT A PANACEA TO LOOK
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AT PHONES AND EVERYTHING WILL BE
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FINE.
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I THINK THERE ARE A LOT OF
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FACTORS ATTRIBUTED TO THIS RISE
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IN ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION.
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THIS HAS ACCELERATED IT, NO
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QUESTION.
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STEPHANIE: SCHOOL CELL PHONE
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BANDS ARE BECOMING MORE COMMON
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ACROSS THE NATION.
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LAST YEAR FLORIDA BECAME THE
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FIRST TO ENACT STATEWIDE PHONE
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BANDS DURING CLASS OF PUBLIC
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SCHOOLS.
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SEVERAL OTHER STATES ARE
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CONSIDERING SIMILAR ACTION.
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>> ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT, NOT
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SINCE COVID, BUT SINCE 2012, AS
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SOON THE KIDS HAD IT IN THEIR
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POCKET, THEY CAN'T RESIST, HAVE
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TO BE USING IT.
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STEPHANIE: A SOCIAL SAKE --
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PSYCHOLOGIST'S BOOK "ANXIOUS
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GENERATION" HAS BEEN AT THE TOP
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OF THE BESTSELLERS, DEBATING HOW
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SOCIAL MEDIA ARE REWIRING
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CHILDHOOD, AND LARGELY TO BLAME
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FOR THE YOUTH MENTAL HEALTH
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CRISIS.
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>> THIS IS THE FIRST TIME A
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GENERATION HAS FACED A THREAT
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ENTIRELY ON SOCIAL MEDIA.
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STEPHANIE: WHILE HAIDT DECLINED
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AN INTERVIEW ON THIS STORY, HE
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SPOKE TO "NEWSHOUR" LAST YEAR ON
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THE HARMS OF SOCIAL MEDIA.
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>> THERE IS DIRECT CORRELATIONAL
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EVIDENCE THAT THE MORE YOU USE
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IT, THE MORE DEPRESSED YOU ARE.
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ESPECIALLY HEAVY USERS, MORE
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THAN FOUR HOURS A DAY.
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THOSE USERS ARE THREE MORE TIMES
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LIKELY TO BE DEPRESSED.
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ALSO SELF-HARM AND SUICIDE.
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ALL OF THOSE SKYROCKET AFTER
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2012.
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STEPHANIE: HAIDT AND HIS
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ARGUMENT ARE IN THE SPOTLIGHT
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AND IS FACING PUSHBACK FROM
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OTHER RESEARCHERS, ESPECIALLY
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FOR TWO PRESCRIPTIONS HE SAID
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ARE DESPERATELY NEEDED FOR
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HEALTHIER CHILDHOODS.
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>> NO SMARTPHONE BEFORE 2014.
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THAT SHOULD BE THE MINIMUM
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NATIONAL NORM.
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AND NO SOCIAL MEDIA BEHIND 16.
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>> THERE WAS NO DATA THAT SAYS
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THAT IS WHEN IT AUTOMATICALLY
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BECOMES SAFE.
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STEPHANIE: DR. MICHAEL RICH FROM
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BOSTON'S CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
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STUDIES THE IMPACTS OF ONLINE
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MEDIA ON KIDS PHYSICAL AND
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MENTAL HEALTH.
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>> HE IGNORES A LOT OF THE
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POSITIVES THAT HAVE COME WITH
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THESE TECHNOLOGIES THAT KIDS
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HAVE LEARNED HOW TO USE IN VERY
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POSITIVE WAYS TO CONNECT WITH
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OTHERS OVER GREAT DISTANCES, TO
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UNDERSTAND OTHER CULTURES AND
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PEOPLES.
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BEYOND NOT BEING ABLE TO GET RID
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OF THEM, WE PROBABLY SHOULD NOT
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GET RID OF THEM.
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WHAT WE NEED TO DO IS HELP OUR
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CHILDREN OF ANY AGE USE THESE
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POWERFUL TOOLS IN WAYS THAT ARE
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HEALTHY, SMART AND KIND.
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>> I DON'T THINK A QUICK FIX OF
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TAKING THE TECHNOLOGY AWAY OR
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BLOCKING PEOPLE WILL DO A DARN
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THING.
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THAT IS ABOUT ASSUAGING ANXIETY
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OF UPPER-MIDDLE-CLASS PARENTS.
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STEPHANIE: DANA BOYD IS THE
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AUTHOR OF "ITS COMPLICATED: THE
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SOCIAL LIVES OF NETWORKED TEAMS
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-- TEENS."
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SHE ALSO WORKS FOR MICROSOFT
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RESEARCH.
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WHAT ROLE DO YOU THINK SOCIAL
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MEDIA PLAYS IN ANXIETY AND
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DEPRESSION AMONG TEENS?
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>> IT MAGNIFIES THE GOOD, BAD
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AND UGLY.
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IT ABSOLUTELY AMPLIFIES THINGS.
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SOME PEOPLE ARE GENUINELY
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STRUGGLING.
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BUT TRYING TO MAKE THE TOOLS FOR
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WHICH THEY ARE SIMULTANEOUSLY
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EXPOSED TO THE WORLD AND
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REACHING OUT TO PEOPLE
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UNAVAILABLE IS NOT GOING TO MAKE
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THE MENTAL HEALTH CRISIS GO
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AWAY.
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STEPHANIE: BOYD, A MOTHER OF
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THREE, SAYS RESTRICTING
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TECHNOLOGY COULD BACKFIRE,
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DISCONNECTING VULNERABLE TEENS
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FROM SUPPORTIVE COMMUNITIES, AND
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MAKE IT MORE DIFFICULT FOR THEM
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TO REACH OUT FOR HELP DURING A
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MENTAL HEALTH CRISIS.
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>> AS A COUNTRY WE HAVE VERY FEW
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MENTAL HEALTH RESOURCES FOR
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YOUNG PEOPLE.
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MOST OF THEM REQUIRE YOUR
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PARENTS INSURANCE.
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IF YOUR PARENTS ARE PART OF THE
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PROBLEM, OR YOU ARE AFRAID OF
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TELLING THEM YOU ARE STRUGGLING,
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YOU WILL NOT ASK THEM FOR
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THERAPY.
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I WANT TO MAKE SURE YOUNG PEOPLE
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HAVE THE TOOLS TO BE ABLE TO GET
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HELP WHEN THEY NEEDED.
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>> WE ARE NOT SUGGESTING
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EVERYBODY GIVE UP THEIR SMART
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FOREIGN -- PHONE OR SOCIAL
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MEDIA, JUST KIDS AND YOUNGEST
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TEENS.
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STEPHANIE: SHE IS A PSYCHOLOGIST
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AT SAN DIEGO STATE AND
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FREQUENTLY COLLABORATES WITH
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JONATHAN HAIDT.
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SHE FACED A SIMILAR CRITICISM IN
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2017 WHEN SHE PUBLISHED A BOOK
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THAT ALSO MADE THE ARGUMENT THAT
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SPIKES IN TEENAGE DEPRESSION
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COULD BE LINKED TO SMART PHONES
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AND SOCIAL MEDIA.
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>> IT IS SEVEN YEARS LATER.
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WE HAVE A LOT MORE DATA.
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TEEN DEPRESSION HAS CONTINUED TO
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GO UP.
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STILL WE NEED TO WAIT?
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WHAT FOR?
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TEEN DEPRESSION IS AT 20%.
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SHOULD WE WAIT UNTIL IT IS AT
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HALF OR A THIRD?
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STEPHANIE: 95% OF AMERICAN
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TEENAGERS HAVE ACCESS TO
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SMARTPHONES AND ABOUT 1/3 REPORT
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BEING ON SOCIAL MEDIA ALMOST
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CONSTANTLY.
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SEVERAL STUDIES ON THE IMPACT ON
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MENTAL HEALTH HAS MIXED RESULTS.
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A REPORT FROM THE NATIONAL
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ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IN SEPTEMBER
00:07:08
SAID CONTRARY TO THE CURRENT
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NARRATIVE THAT SOCIAL MEDIA IS
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UNIVERSALLY HARMFUL TO
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ADOLESCENTS, THE REALITY IS MORE
00:07:14
CALM PICKETED.
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-- COMPLICATED.
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SOCIAL MEDIA CAN OFFER
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CONNECTION AND A SAFE SPACE FOR
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YOUNG PEOPLE, ESPECIALLY LGBTQ+
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TEENS.
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BUT IT CAN ALSO ENCOURAGE
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HARMFUL ACTIVITIES AND TAKE THE
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PLACE OF SLEEP, EXERCISE AND
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SOCIAL ACTIVITIES.
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ALSO FREQUENT USE MAY LEAD TO
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WORSE BODY IMAGE FOR SOME TEEN
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GIRLS AND MAKE THEM MORE
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VULNERABLE TO EATING DISORDERS.
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>> MY NUMBER ONE FEAR IS SOCIAL
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MEDIA FOR TEENS.
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STEPHANIE: BACK IN DURANGO WILL
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AND AMBER BLANCHARD'S KIDS PIPER
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AND BEN ARE NOT ALLOWED THEIR
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OWN PHONES.
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>> WE WANT TO KEEP OUR KIDS
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ENGAGED AND ACTIVE.
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A TIRED KID IS A GOOD KID.
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STEPHANIE: THEY BELIEVE THIS IS
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WHAT CHILDHOOD SHOULD LOOK LIKE.
00:08:06
FAMILY BIKE RIDES TO A NEARBY
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RIVER WHERE BEN PRACTICES
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FLYFISHING.
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AN OCCASIONAL SELFIE ON A PHONE
00:08:16
IS CALLED FOR.
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THEY ARE NOT ANTITECHNOLOGY.
00:08:20
BUT THEY SAY IN THE ABSENCE OF A
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SMARTPHONE, BEN HAS FOUND AN
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OUTLET IN FISHING AND IS GOTTEN
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GOOD AT IT.
00:08:26
>> HE LIKES BEING IN THE WATER.
00:08:30
I CANNOT IMAGINE HIM FINDING
00:08:30
TRANQUILITY IN A PHONE.
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STEPHANIE: BOTH BEN AND PAPER
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ATTEND MOUNTAIN MIDDLE SCHOOL.
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EVEN AT THE AGE OF NINE PIPER
00:08:42
SAID SHE NOTICED TIKTOK USE
00:08:43
OUTSIDE OF SCHOOL CAUSING
00:08:44
PROBLEMS.
00:08:45
>> I HAVE SEEN KIDS IN OTHER
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CLASSES IN FOURTH GRADE THAT
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HAVE BEEN ON SOCIAL MEDIA TRASH
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TALKING EACH OTHER, AND NOT
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FRIENDS ANYMORE.
00:08:53
STEPHANIE: BEN SAYS HE HAS
00:08:57
LITTLE INTEREST IN SOCIAL MEDIA,
00:08:58
BUT THINKS HE IS CLOSE TO BEING
00:09:00
READY FOR A PHONE.
00:09:02
>> FOR MUSIC, PHOTOS, TEXTING,
00:09:05
COMMUNICATION WITH YOUR PARENTS
00:09:06
OR FRIENDS OR FAMILY.
00:09:07
STEPHANIE: HAVE YOUR PARENTS
00:09:11
TALK TO YOU THROUGH THEIR
00:09:14
EXPLANATIONS FOR WHY YOU DON'T
00:09:16
HAVE PHONES AND YOU TRUST THEM?
00:09:18
>> YES, VERY MUCH.
00:09:20
I COMPLETELY TRUST THEM.
00:09:21
STEPHANIE: AND THEY DID NOT PAY
00:09:24
YOU TO SAY THAT.
00:09:25
[LAUGHTER]
00:09:25
>> MONEY WOULD BE NICE.
00:09:27
STEPHANIE: WHILE THE SCIENCE ON
00:09:32
SMART PHONES AND SOCIAL MEDIA IS
00:09:32
UP FOR DEBATE, THEY SAY THEY ARE
00:09:35
ONLY WORRIED ABOUT WHAT IS RIGHT
00:09:35
FOR THEIR KIDS.
00:09:37
>> WHAT IS BEST FOR ONE FAMILY,
00:09:39
THAT IS FOR THEM TO JUDGE.
00:09:41
THAT IS THEIR CHOICE.
00:09:42
AND WE HAVE HOURS.
00:09:44
STEPHANIE: IT IS A CHOICE
00:09:47
MILLIONS OF AMERICAN PARENTS ARE
00:09:48
NOW STRUGGLING TO MAKE FOR THEIR
00:09:50
OWN FAMILIES.
00:09:52
FOR THE PBS "NEWSHOUR," I'M
00:09:56
STEPHANIE SY IN DURANGO,
00:09:57
COLORADO.
00:09:57
♪