How did the English Colonize America?

00:12:36
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2Gl4QFA6mA

Resumen

TLDRThe video explores the English colonization of North America, highlighting its motivations rooted in competition with Spain and economic opportunities as detailed by Richard Hakluyt. Early attempts at colonization faced numerous failures, but the successful establishment of Jamestown in 1607 marked a turning point. The colonists initially struggled with harsh conditions and dependency on the Powhatan Confederacy for survival. The introduction of tobacco as a cash crop transformed the economy, leading to further expansion and conflict with Native Americans. Ultimately, the video illustrates how these developments set the stage for the creation of the 13 colonies and the eventual rise of the United States.

Para llevar

  • 🏴‍☠️ English colonization was driven by economic and religious motives.
  • 📜 Richard Hakluyt argued it would benefit both England and God.
  • 🌱 Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in 1607.
  • 🛠️ Early settlers faced starvation and disease.
  • 🤝 The Powhatan Confederacy helped colonists survive early challenges.
  • 💰 Tobacco became a vital cash crop for the colony's success.
  • ⚔️ English expansion led to escalating conflicts with Native Americans.
  • 🗺️ The establishment of 13 colonies shaped future America.

Cronología

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The colonization of North America is greatly marked by the efforts of English pioneers, influenced by figures such as Richard Hakluyt. In 1584, Hakluyt argued for English colonization as a means for economic benefit and as a religious duty to rescue the region from Catholic influence, particularly from Spain. By the end of the 16th century, despite failed attempts at establishing colonies by Sir Humphrey Gilbert and John White, the English push for colonization intensified after Queen Elizabeth’s strategic privateering against Spain heightened tensions, leading to further conflicts such as the Spanish Armada incident that ended in England's naval victory.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:12:36

    With the accession of King James in 1603, and the establishment of the Virginia Company in 1606, the first permanent English colony was founded in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Initial years were marked by struggle as many colonists died from disease and starvation, despite assistance from the Powhatan Confederacy. The marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe in 1614 helped ease tensions and the discovery of tobacco transformed Jamestown's fortunes, leading to expansion. However, violent conflicts between colonists and Native Americans escalated, marking a shift in English colonial policies from coexistence to violent territorial control, paving the way for the establishment of further colonies across North America.

Mapa mental

Vídeo de preguntas y respuestas

  • What were the main motivations for English colonization of America?

    Economic opportunities, competition with Spain, and religious motivations to spread Protestantism.

  • Who was Richard Hakluyt?

    A writer who advocated for English colonization of the New World, arguing it would benefit England and God.

  • What was the significance of Jamestown?

    It became the first permanent English colony in America, established in 1607.

  • What challenges did the Jamestown colonists face?

    They faced starvation, disease, and conflicts with Native Americans.

  • How did the tobacco industry impact colonization?

    The demand for tobacco provided economic stability and growth for the colonies.

  • What led to conflicts with Native Americans?

    Expansion of English territories and differing views on land ownership resulted in violence.

  • Who was Pocahontas?

    The daughter of Powhatan, she played a key role in easing tensions between the English and Native Americans.

  • How many original colonies were established by the English?

    There were 13 original English colonies that would later form the United States.

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Desplazamiento automático:
  • 00:00:03
    the history of the colonization of north
  • 00:00:05
    america
  • 00:00:06
    is one of the most well-known formations
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    of any country
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    across the globe spain france
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    and great britain all played crucial
  • 00:00:17
    roles in the development of what is now
  • 00:00:19
    the influential united states of america
  • 00:00:24
    but today most people particularly
  • 00:00:27
    remember
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    the colonial efforts of the english
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    above all
  • 00:00:31
    else so how did
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    the english colonize america
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    to understand how it first behooves us
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    to understand
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    why well a few factors were significant
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    in determining the reason for
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    england's colonial efforts
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    a summary of these justifications can be
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    found in the 1584 work of richard
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    hacklet
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    known as the discourse on western
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    planning
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    haklut claims that english colonization
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    of the new world
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    would be not only to the benefit of
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    england
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    but furthermore to the benefit of god
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    he made a common argument that
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    protestant england
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    needed to rescue north america from the
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    catholic world
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    and the current hold that spain had over
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    much of the continent
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    of course england and spain had more
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    than just a religious
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    rivalry but the point was often a
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    compelling one nonetheless
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    furthermore haklut acknowledged the
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    obvious
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    economic and social possibilities that
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    new world colonies would provide
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    since there was currently an
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    overabundance of job
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    and landless vagabonds plaguing england
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    haklut stated that the establishment of
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    a colony
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    would provide more land and job
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    opportunities for these homeless men
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    and women moreover the expansion of
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    trade alone would produce
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    great profit for england and the
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    resources the new world may provide
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    were vast these points made by richard
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    hey cloot were echoed throughout
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    england and combined with the visible
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    success
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    of the spanish beginning to produce envy
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    from the english
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    a decision to enter the new world was
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    made
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    queen elizabeth had chosen to opt for a
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    less typical route of joining the
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    colonial world
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    by sponsoring sailors known as sea dogs
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    that participated in a form of piracy
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    identified
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    as privateering two such sailors by the
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    names of john
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    hawkins and francis drake were sent by
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    the queen to wreak havoc
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    on the spanish in america the privateers
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    and the latter in particular plundered
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    spanish ships and raided caravans
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    even as far as the coast of peru this
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    unprompted attack greatly angered spain
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    and the discord between the nations
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    drastically increased even further
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    after england had the catholic mary
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    queen of scots
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    executed in 1587.
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    the following year king philip ii of
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    spain
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    decided to retaliate in what would
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    become the largest scale
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    invasion to yet occur with the goal of
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    annihilating
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    the british navy and boasted 18
  • 00:03:32
    000 soldiers 8 000 sailors and
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    130 ships the spaniards made
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    no mistake in targeting the british navy
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    which played an extremely
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    crucial role in the nation's trade and
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    colonial power
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    while the spanish ships notably
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    outnumbered the british
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    the latter were better equipped with
  • 00:03:54
    more suitable ships for such a clash
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    and quickly beat back their attacker the
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    spanish fleet had to turn
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    back heading for the netherlands to
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    gather reinforcements
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    but an unexpected storm ripped through
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    the remaining armada ships
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    leaving the english as the clear victors
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    now it was time to focus on the colonies
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    as the 16th century came to a close
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    some attempts had already been made by
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    england to establish colonies in north
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    america
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    but so far none had succeeded
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    sir humphrey gilbert was one of the men
  • 00:04:34
    in charge of such efforts
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    and had hoped to create a colony in
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    newfoundland
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    but had miserably failed john white
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    in 1587 had also made a similar attempt
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    on roanoke island
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    alongside 150 other english colonists
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    but the colony quickly ran
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    out of supplies and resources white
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    returned to england
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    where he intended only to gather what he
  • 00:05:00
    needed for his colony before heading
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    back
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    but he ended up trapped in his native
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    land for over a year
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    due to the current situation brought
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    about by the spanish armada
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    when white was finally able to return to
  • 00:05:13
    roanoke island
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    he found his colony completely abandoned
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    and his efforts
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    in vain
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    when the 17th century began with still
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    no solid english colony in the americas
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    queen elizabeth passed away in 1603
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    leaving the future of england's colonial
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    efforts
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    in the hands of king james
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    the following year peace was made
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    between england and spain
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    and in 1606 king james established the
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    virginia company
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    beginning a new wave of efforts to find
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    colonial success
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    in america three ships
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    in particular the discovery the susan
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    constant
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    and the godspeed set off for the east
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    coast
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    arriving at the james river in spring of
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    1607
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    the colonists reached the fairly
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    uninhabited region
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    of virginia which they would shortly
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    name jamestown
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    this would become the first permanent
  • 00:06:20
    english colony in america
  • 00:06:22
    contemporarily king james had also
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    granted a charter to the plymouth
  • 00:06:27
    company
  • 00:06:28
    but their popham colony was
  • 00:06:30
    disappointingly short-lived
  • 00:06:31
    the jamestown colonists did fare better
  • 00:06:34
    than those from popham given that their
  • 00:06:36
    colony didn't collapse
  • 00:06:38
    but the endeavor was still a harrowing
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    one nonetheless
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    by 1617 only 351 of the initial 17 000
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    colonists
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    remained alive the men
  • 00:06:51
    had been widely unprepared for the life
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    of hard
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    physical labor and the land itself was
  • 00:06:57
    not as easy to utilize as they had hoped
  • 00:07:01
    many starved while others fell ill
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    and if it had not been for the help of
  • 00:07:06
    the local native american tribe
  • 00:07:08
    known by the colonists as the powhatan
  • 00:07:10
    confederacy
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    the english may have all but perished
  • 00:07:14
    powhatan's roughly 10 000 strong tribe
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    was incredibly efficient at utilizing
  • 00:07:20
    the difficult terrain for hunting
  • 00:07:22
    and farming throughout the chesapeake
  • 00:07:24
    with more than enough food and
  • 00:07:26
    potentially benefit to gain from the
  • 00:07:28
    colonists manufactured food
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    the natives were fairly welcoming and
  • 00:07:32
    greatly assisted the sickly englishmen
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    in their first winter
  • 00:07:36
    in the years to come though matters were
  • 00:07:39
    not so simple
  • 00:07:41
    the english continued to starve and
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    perish from disease
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    even despite help from the natives as
  • 00:07:47
    400 new settlers arrived in jamestown
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    in 1609 as the general well-being of the
  • 00:07:54
    colony continued on a downward spiral
  • 00:07:57
    their relationship with the natives also
  • 00:07:59
    began to deteriorate
  • 00:08:01
    occasional guerrilla wars started to
  • 00:08:04
    break out between the colonists and
  • 00:08:06
    powhatan's tribe
  • 00:08:07
    and the english were still starving the
  • 00:08:10
    fate of jamestown
  • 00:08:11
    seemed scarcely hopeful no major
  • 00:08:14
    improvement appeared until 1614
  • 00:08:17
    at which point the daughter of powhatan
  • 00:08:20
    pocahontas
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    married an english colonist by the name
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    of john rolfe
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    this at least began to ease tensions
  • 00:08:27
    between the english and natives
  • 00:08:29
    the young colony also started to see
  • 00:08:31
    some new changes
  • 00:08:32
    and leadership as the discovery of what
  • 00:08:35
    would be their savior
  • 00:08:37
    tobacco the jamestown colonists were
  • 00:08:40
    rescued by a boom in demand
  • 00:08:42
    being native to the new world and
  • 00:08:44
    immensely popular from the start of its
  • 00:08:46
    first
  • 00:08:47
    exports to europe within 40 years the
  • 00:08:50
    jamestown exports were amassing
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    15 million pounds per year
  • 00:08:55
    the colony had suddenly gone from a
  • 00:08:57
    dwindling starving group of migrants
  • 00:09:00
    to a rapidly growing colonial power in
  • 00:09:03
    need of more men for the increasing
  • 00:09:05
    number of jobs the new market was
  • 00:09:07
    providing
  • 00:09:09
    as jamestown's success kept building
  • 00:09:12
    the colonists began expanding the
  • 00:09:14
    english territory beyond its original
  • 00:09:17
    borders
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    which unfortunately brought them back
  • 00:09:20
    into conflict with the natives
  • 00:09:23
    powhatan's brother succeeded the chief
  • 00:09:25
    upon his death in 1622
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    and vowed to rid his land of the english
  • 00:09:31
    on march 22nd 1622
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    he and his tribe attacked the colony and
  • 00:09:37
    massacred 347
  • 00:09:40
    colonists in a single day this however
  • 00:09:43
    in the minds of the english justified
  • 00:09:46
    years of fierce brutality
  • 00:09:49
    the new method of how the english would
  • 00:09:51
    continue to colonize america
  • 00:09:53
    was vastly different than how their
  • 00:09:55
    competition both the french and spanish
  • 00:09:58
    had done the same for the english they
  • 00:10:00
    had received
  • 00:10:01
    a bit of practice to sharpen the skills
  • 00:10:04
    they would use in america
  • 00:10:05
    back when they had begun their efforts
  • 00:10:07
    to take ireland from the native
  • 00:10:09
    catholics
  • 00:10:10
    as the english decided that they no
  • 00:10:13
    longer needed to put much effort into
  • 00:10:15
    co-existing
  • 00:10:16
    or assimilating the natives into their
  • 00:10:18
    new colonies
  • 00:10:19
    they began utilizing violence against
  • 00:10:22
    the native people
  • 00:10:23
    to seize their land and take control and
  • 00:10:26
    between
  • 00:10:27
    war and disease it wasn't long before
  • 00:10:30
    the native americans
  • 00:10:31
    had been disastrously affected
  • 00:10:35
    there was also a building distinction in
  • 00:10:38
    the eyes of the colonists between
  • 00:10:40
    themselves
  • 00:10:41
    and other peoples which made them even
  • 00:10:43
    more determined to establish an english
  • 00:10:46
    dominance throughout north america
  • 00:10:50
    and as their positive view of the
  • 00:10:52
    natives quickly decayed
  • 00:10:53
    the pre-existing supremacy of english
  • 00:10:56
    protestantism over the spanish catholics
  • 00:10:59
    in the minds of the former
  • 00:11:00
    had now stretched beyond religion
  • 00:11:03
    and they had the power to enforce these
  • 00:11:06
    ideas
  • 00:11:08
    the english also had the power and means
  • 00:11:10
    to establish
  • 00:11:11
    more colonies with even greater success
  • 00:11:14
    than they had so far achieved
  • 00:11:16
    eventually virginia massachusetts
  • 00:11:19
    new york new jersey pennsylvania
  • 00:11:22
    delaware maryland connecticut south
  • 00:11:26
    carolina
  • 00:11:27
    north carolina new hampshire rhode
  • 00:11:29
    island and lastly georgia
  • 00:11:31
    would make up the english 13 colonies
  • 00:11:34
    which would later form
  • 00:11:36
    the united states of america if it had
  • 00:11:39
    not been for the newfound
  • 00:11:40
    tobacco industry in the original colony
  • 00:11:43
    it's likely that the english would have
  • 00:11:45
    never been able to colonize north
  • 00:11:47
    america permanently
  • 00:11:48
    and the pure demoralization may have
  • 00:11:51
    prevented any further success
  • 00:11:53
    or even attempts at trying again
  • 00:11:56
    but instead the english were able to
  • 00:11:58
    establish
  • 00:11:59
    multiple booming colonies whilst also
  • 00:12:02
    bringing an impressive profit for the
  • 00:12:04
    crown
  • 00:12:05
    and boasting enormous economic success
  • 00:12:10
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Etiquetas
  • Colonization
  • North America
  • English Colonies
  • Jamestown
  • Tobacco
  • Richard Hakluyt
  • Powhatan Confederacy
  • Spanish Armada
  • Early Settlers
  • 13 Colonies