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in this video we are going to explore
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more about modern chicken farming in
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particular some process involved in egg
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harvesting technology and hatchery that
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are efficient and save a lot of money to
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farmers from the farm to your plate
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whether eggs come from a common chicken
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or an exotic bird you must store and
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incubate them carefully for a successful
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hatch environmental conditions handling
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sanitation and record keeping are all
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important factors when it comes to
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incubating hatching eggs a fertile egg
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is alive each egg contains living cells
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that can become a viable embryo and then
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a chick eggs are fragile and the
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successful hatch begins with undamaged
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eggs that are fresh clean and fertile
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you can produce fertile eggs yourself or
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obtain them elsewhere while commercial
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hatcheries produce quality eggs that are
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highly fertile many do not ship small
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quantities if you mail order eggs be
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sure to pick them up promptly from your
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receiving area hatch ability will
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decrease if eggs are handled poorly or
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get too hot or too cold in transit if
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you produce the eggs on site you must
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care for the breeding stock properly to
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ensure maximum fertility fertile eggs
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must be collected carefully and stored
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properly until they are incubated
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keeping the eggs at proper storage
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temperatures keeps the embryo from
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starting and stopping development which
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increases embryo mortality collecting
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eggs frequently and storing them
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properly delays embryo development until
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you are ready to incubate them once you
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have eggs to incubate avoid damaging or
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contaminating them wash your hands
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frequently to remove bacteria from your
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hands an incubator is basically a box
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that holds eggs while maintaining an
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appropriate temperature humidity and
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oxygen level incubators have varying
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capacities and adapters for eggs from
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different species popular incubator
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models often include automatic turner's
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humidifiers and temperature controllers
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egg turners can usually be purchased
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separately for incubators that do not
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include them humidifiers can be the type
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that disperses water vapor as needed or
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many smaller incubators use a simple
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water reservoir temperature is
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controlled by older wafer systems or the
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newer digital thermostats the hatchery
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recreates the right conditions for
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chicks to grow mature and well hatch on
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a much bigger scale here's how it works
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when the eggs arrive they're placed in
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an incubator inside temperature humidity
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and airflow are precisely controlled to
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facilitate an ideal environment for
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chicks to develop when the chicks are
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nearly ready to hatch they're moved to a
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hatching room along the way they get
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some basic vaccinations so odds are they
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won't need antibiotics later after a few
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final days in the hatching room the
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chicks break through the shells
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according to the world watch institute
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74 percent of the world's poultry meat
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and 68 of eggs are produced intensively
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one alternative to intensive poultry
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farming is free-range farming using
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lower stocking densities poultry
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producers routinely use nationally
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approved medications such as antibiotics
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in feed or drinking water to treat
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disease or to prevent disease outbreaks
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some fda approved medications are also
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approved for improved feed utilization a
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carefully controlled environment that
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avoids crowding chilling overheating or
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frightening is almost universal in
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poultry farming cannibalism which
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expresses itself as toe picking feather
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picking and tail picking is controlled
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by debiaking at one day of age and by
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other management practices the feeding
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watering egg gathering and cleaning
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operations are highly mechanized birds
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are usually housed in wire cages with
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two or three animals per cage depending
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on the species and breed and three or
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four tiers of cages superposed to save
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space cages for egg laying birds have
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been found to increase production lower
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mortality reduce cannibalism lower
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feeding requirements reduce diseases and
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parasites improve culling and reduce
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both space and labor requirements
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commercial brooder houses may be very
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large having several pretty units
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underfloor heat or heat lamps fan
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ventilation automatic waters and feeders
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and large doors through which tractors
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and litter removing equipment can pass
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roller farms raise chickens that supply
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grocery stores restaurants and any place
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that you would get chicken from to
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consume breeder farms however produce
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the eggs that are sent to the brawler
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farms after they hatch breeder farms are
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the first step in the process of
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producing chickens that will eventually
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be consumed artificial selection has led
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to a great increase in the speed with
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which brawlers develop and reach
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slaughter weight the time required to
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reach 1.5 kilograms live weight
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decreased from 120 days to 30 days
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between 1925 and 2005 selection for fast
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early growth rate and feeding and
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management procedures to support such
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growth have led to various welfare
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problems in modern broiler strains
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welfare of brawlers is a particular
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concern given the large number of
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individuals that are produced for
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example the us in 2011 produced
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approximately nine billion broiler
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chickens some chicken you buy may be
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labeled raised without hormones and
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others may not but all chicken you buy
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is free of added or artificial hormones
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and stirrers in fact federal regulations
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prohibit the use of added hormones and
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steroids in all poultry the chicken that
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is labeled raised without hormones must
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also include a statement saying that no
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hormones are used in the production of
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any poultry raised in the united states
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so why are modern chickens bigger than
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those of the past modern farming
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techniques from day one chickens are
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given a better start than ever before
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through advanced feeding and housing
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good breeding and close communication
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with veterinarians throughout their
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lives chicken farmers are raising larger
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healthier birds than ever before roller
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chickens the type raised for meat
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generally take up to seven weeks to
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reach market weight once they've reached
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the proper size and weight workers
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trained in humane care arrive to catch
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each chicken at the farm by hand during
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this process chickens are transferred
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into holding cages or modular bins
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specifically designed for transport to
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the processing plant aim to ensure that
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birds don't hurt themselves or other
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birds and that air is able to circulate
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poultry meat is the most widely eaten
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meat in the world and provides a large
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part of the world population with high
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quality animal protein the world's
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population is growing and the
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consumption of meat per person is still
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increasing the demand for chicken meat
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will therefore only continue to increase
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for the foreseeable future we are still
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seeing an annual increase in the
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consumption of meat worldwide with the
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demand for chicken meat growing faster
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than other types chicken meat is cheap
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and therefore first in line for the
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population of developing countries such
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as china and india in addition chicken
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is popular because its consumption is
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not forbidden by major religions and
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chicken meat fits well into a healthy
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diet in western europe the growth is not
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as large more and more people are eating
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vegetarian food this is compensated at a
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global level by the ever increasing
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population of developing countries
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when brawler chicks are a day old they
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are transported in transport modules or
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chick boxes from the hatchery to the
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farm chicks travel along a conveyor belt
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and are dropped into transport boxes or
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modules during this process the chicks
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are immunized with spray and or
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subcutaneous vaccinations chickens read
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for meat are called broilers or broiler
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chickens they originate from the jungle
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fowl of the indian subcontinent the
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brawler industry has grown due to
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consumer demand for affordable poultry
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meat breeding for production traits and
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improved nutrition have been used to
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increase the weight of the breast muscle
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commercial brawler chickens are bred to
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be very fast growing in order to gain
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weight quickly in their natural
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environment chickens spend much of their
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time foraging for food this means that
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they are highly motivated to perform
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species specific behaviors that are
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typical for chickens natural behaviors
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such as foraging pecking scratching and
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feather maintenance behaviors like
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pruning and dust bathing trees are used
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for perching at night to avoid predators
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the life of chickens destined for meat
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production consists of two distinct
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phases they are born in a hatchery and
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moved to a grow-out farm at one day old
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they remain here until they are heavy
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enough to be slaughtered regardless of
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which type of feeding system is used
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feeding space is absolutely critical if
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feeder space is insufficient growth
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rates will be reduced and uniformity
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severely compromised feed distribution
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and the proximity of the feeder to the
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birds are key to achieving target feed
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consumption rates all feeder systems
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should be calibrated to allow for
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sufficient feed volume with minimal
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waste meat brawlers are usually
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slaughtered at approximately 35 to 49
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days of age well before they become
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sexually reproductive at five to six
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months of age however the birds parents
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often called brawler breeders must live
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to maturity and beyond so they can be
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used for breeding as a consequence they
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have additional welfare concerns meat
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brawlers have been artificially selected
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for an extremely high feeding motivation
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but are not usually feed restricted as
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this would delay the time taken for them
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to reach slaughter weight roller
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breeders have the same highly increased
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feeding motivation but must be feet
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restricted to prevent them becoming
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overweight with all its concomitant life
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threatening problems an experiment on
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brawler's food intake found that 20
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percent of birds allowed to eat as much
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as they wanted either died or had to be
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killed because of severe illness between
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11 and 20 weeks of age either they
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became so lame they could not stand or
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they developed cardiovascular problems
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brawler breed is fed on commercial
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rations eat only a quarter to half as
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much as they would with free access to
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food they are highly motivated to eat at
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all times presumably leading to chronic
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frustration of feeding because broiler
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breeders live to adulthood they might
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show feather pecking or other injurious
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specking behavior to avoid this they
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might be trimmed which can lead to acute
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or chronic pain mass production of
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chicken meat is a global industry and at
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that time only two or three breeding
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companies supplied around 90 percent of
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the world's breeder broilers the total
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number of meat chickens produced in the
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world was nearly 47 billion in 2004 of
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these approximately 19 percent were
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produced in the us 15 percent in china
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13 percent in the eu 25 and 11 in brazil
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consumption of broilers is surpassing
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that of beef in industrialized countries
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with demand rising in asia worldwide
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86.6 million tons of broiler meat were
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produced in 2014 and as of 2018 the
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worldwide estimation of broiler cheek
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population was approximately 23 billion
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live shackle slaughter is the most
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common method of killing broiler
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chickens raised for food and is the
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industry standard for producers in the
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us live shackle slaughter involves
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unloading conscious chickens from their
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crates hanging them upside down from
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shackles and passing them through an
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electrified water bath to stun them
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before their throats are cut and they
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are immersed in boiling water for
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further removal and finally they are
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processed into various meat products
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other slaughter method is the controlled
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atmosphere systems it involves using
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non-poisonous gases that slowly render
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the chickens unconscious and while still
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in their crates then unloading the dead
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or unconscious birds hanging them upside
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down from shackles before their throats
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are cut and they are immersed in boiling
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water for further removal and finally
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they are processed into various meat
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products
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you
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