Transport in Cells: Diffusion and Osmosis | Cells | Biology | FuseSchool

00:03:52
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRi6uHDKeW4

Resumen

TLDRThe video explores how cells transport substances through diffusion, osmosis, and active transport across the cell membrane. It explains that diffusion involves the movement of particles from high to low concentration, seen in examples like gas exchange in lungs and nutrient absorption in the intestines. Osmosis refers specifically to the movement of water molecules, with cases such as plant roots absorbing water and how animal cells react to changes in water concentration. The series also hints at active transport, which moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy, setting the stage for deeper exploration in part 2.

Para llevar

  • 🍰 **Diffusion** not only spreads smells but also substances across membranes.
  • 💧 **Osmosis** is crucial for water movement in cells.
  • 🚪 **Facilitated Diffusion** requires carrier proteins for glucose and ions.
  • 🌿 **Gas Exchange** in lungs demonstrates diffusion in action.
  • 🏞️ **Osmosis** affects plant cells' firmness and shape.
  • 🚰 **Water Absorption** in plants and intestines utilizes osmosis.
  • 🚨 **Active Transport** moves substances against the gradient, requiring energy.
  • 🌊 **Concentration Gradient** is essential for understanding these processes.

Cronología

  • 00:00:00 - 00:03:52

    In this video, we explore how cells transport substances through diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. The exchange of materials between cells and their environment occurs across the cell membrane, with specialized structures enhancing efficiency. We start with diffusion, illustrated by the spreading smell of cake, where particles move from high to low concentration, facilitating gas exchange in the lungs and nutrient absorption in the intestines. Facilitated diffusion requires carrier proteins for substances like glucose. Osmosis, the water equivalent of diffusion, involves water movement across a partially permeable membrane, affecting cellular turgidity in plant and animal cells. The section ends with a teaser for active transport in part 2.

Mapa mental

Vídeo de preguntas y respuestas

  • What is diffusion?

    Diffusion is the process where particles spread out from areas of high concentration to low concentration.

  • What is osmosis?

    Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution across a partially permeable membrane.

  • What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

    Facilitated diffusion requires special carrier proteins while diffusion does not.

  • What are some examples of diffusion in nature?

    Examples include oxygen moving from alveoli into blood and carbon dioxide moving into plant leaves.

  • What happens to animal cells during osmosis?

    Animal cells can shrivel up when water moves out due to osmosis.

  • What happens to plant cells during osmosis?

    Plant cells can swell and become turgid when water moves in, due to their strong cell wall.

  • What is active transport?

    Active transport is the movement of substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

  • Why do cells need to transport substances?

    Cells need to transport substances to take in nutrients and remove waste effectively.

  • What are specialized exchange surfaces?

    Examples include alveoli in lungs, root hairs in plants, and nephrons in kidneys.

  • What is a concentration gradient?

    A concentration gradient is the difference in concentration of a substance between two areas.

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Desplazamiento automático:
  • 00:00:14
    can you smell that delicious cake
  • 00:00:16
    have you ever wondered why your fingers
  • 00:00:18
    prune in water or how plants manage to
  • 00:00:20
    take up nutrients from the soil
  • 00:00:22
    all of these things require the movement
  • 00:00:24
    of substances by either diffusion
  • 00:00:26
    osmosis or active transport
  • 00:00:28
    in this two-part series we're going to
  • 00:00:30
    discover how cells take in useful
  • 00:00:32
    substances and remove waste using these
  • 00:00:35
    three methods of transport
  • 00:00:37
    the exchange of materials occurs between
  • 00:00:39
    cells and their environment across the
  • 00:00:40
    cell membrane
  • 00:00:42
    to make this exchange as efficient as
  • 00:00:43
    possible some organisms have evolved
  • 00:00:45
    specialized exchange surfaces like the
  • 00:00:47
    alveoli in the lungs or root hairs and
  • 00:00:50
    plants or the nephrons and kidneys
  • 00:00:52
    depending upon what is being exchanged
  • 00:00:54
    and which direction along the
  • 00:00:55
    concentration gradient things are
  • 00:00:57
    travelling will determine whether
  • 00:00:58
    diffusion osmosis or active transport
  • 00:01:01
    will be used
  • 00:01:03
    let's start with diffusion the lovely
  • 00:01:06
    smells of the cake spread around the
  • 00:01:07
    room by diffusion diffusion is the
  • 00:01:09
    process in which particles spread out
  • 00:01:11
    from each other they move from high
  • 00:01:13
    concentration so right by the cake to an
  • 00:01:16
    area of low concentration so everywhere
  • 00:01:19
    else in the room
  • 00:01:20
    in diffusion particles move down the
  • 00:01:22
    concentration gradient until they are
  • 00:01:24
    evenly distributed for particles to move
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    like this they need to be a gas or
  • 00:01:29
    particles of a dissolved substance
  • 00:01:32
    diffusion is seen throughout nature and
  • 00:01:34
    allows substances to pass into or out of
  • 00:01:36
    cells across the cell membrane but they
  • 00:01:38
    must be dissolved and there must be a
  • 00:01:40
    concentration gradient that they can
  • 00:01:42
    move from high concentration to low
  • 00:01:43
    concentration
  • 00:01:46
    gas exchange in the lungs so oxygen
  • 00:01:48
    moving from the alveoli into the blood
  • 00:01:50
    and carbon dioxide from the blood into
  • 00:01:52
    the alveoli are both great examples of
  • 00:01:54
    diffusion
  • 00:01:56
    carbon dioxide moving from the air into
  • 00:01:58
    the leaves of plants also moves by
  • 00:01:59
    diffusion but it doesn't have to be a
  • 00:02:01
    gas how digested foods like amino acids
  • 00:02:04
    move from the small intestine into the
  • 00:02:06
    blood also moves by diffusion
  • 00:02:08
    you can also have facilitated diffusion
  • 00:02:10
    where the movement is still down the
  • 00:02:12
    concentration gradient but special
  • 00:02:14
    carrier proteins are required to enable
  • 00:02:15
    the movement glucose and ions need
  • 00:02:17
    carrier proteins to move across the
  • 00:02:19
    membrane
  • 00:02:23
    osmosis is very similar to diffusion but
  • 00:02:25
    just for water
  • 00:02:26
    it is the movement of water into or out
  • 00:02:29
    of a cell
  • 00:02:30
    again it is the movement from a dilute
  • 00:02:32
    solution so high concentration of water
  • 00:02:34
    molecules down the concentration
  • 00:02:36
    gradient to a more concentrated solution
  • 00:02:39
    so low concentration of water molecules
  • 00:02:42
    the water molecules move across a
  • 00:02:44
    partially permeable membrane water
  • 00:02:46
    molecules move at random so some do go
  • 00:02:48
    back across the membrane
  • 00:02:50
    but the overall net effect is that there
  • 00:02:52
    is movement to the more concentrated
  • 00:02:53
    side or the side with less water until
  • 00:02:55
    equilibrium is reached or until there is
  • 00:02:57
    no net movement of water anymore
  • 00:03:01
    osmosis out of a cell can cause big
  • 00:03:03
    changes animal cells shrivel up and in
  • 00:03:06
    plant cells the membrane and cytoplasm
  • 00:03:08
    shrink away from the cell wall causing
  • 00:03:10
    the cell to become flaccid
  • 00:03:12
    and if osmosis causes lots of movement
  • 00:03:14
    of water into the cell plant cells swell
  • 00:03:17
    and become turgid they have a strong
  • 00:03:19
    cell wall which prevents them from
  • 00:03:20
    bursting whereas animal cells don't have
  • 00:03:22
    a cell wall and so they burst
  • 00:03:26
    the absorption of water by plant roots
  • 00:03:28
    and the absorption of water in the small
  • 00:03:29
    intestine and the colon all use osmosis
  • 00:03:33
    so we know all about the movement of
  • 00:03:35
    gases and water
  • 00:03:36
    but what is active transport for
  • 00:03:38
    watch part 2 to learn about active
  • 00:03:40
    transport
  • 00:03:51
    you
Etiquetas
  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Active Transport
  • Cell Membrane
  • Concentration Gradient
  • Gas Exchange
  • Nutrient Absorption
  • Specialized Surfaces
  • Plant Cells
  • Animal Cells