00:00:02
hi everyone and welcome back to world
00:00:05
literature class so for today's session
00:00:07
uh we're done already with the midterm
00:00:10
examination so at this point in time
00:00:12
we'll now be moving into really I mean
00:00:14
going into the different places from a
00:00:16
different
00:00:18
um continents and uh from the different
00:00:20
countries uh as we try to look into how
00:00:24
world literature works with uh the uh I
00:00:28
mean with uh literature and of course
00:00:31
with a different setting and different
00:00:33
culture and how the authors try to give
00:00:37
really um attack impact to the uh to
00:00:42
their context and put into the
00:00:44
literature so again everyone our topic
00:00:47
for today uh for our world literature
00:00:50
class is about the Asian literature or
00:00:53
the Asian or the oceanic literature
00:00:57
so the Oriental literature so again our
00:01:01
topic for today is about the Asian
00:01:03
history and the Oriental literature so
00:01:06
we'll now be moving everyone
00:01:12
so for our discussion for today we're
00:01:15
going to be dealing with uh the uh
00:01:17
overview of Asian history and that how
00:01:21
does or how do this
00:01:23
um does this Asian history really affect
00:01:26
I mean coming up in terms of uh their
00:01:30
literature as a whole okay so these are
00:01:34
the following slides providing an
00:01:35
overview of Asian history from the child
00:01:37
from the China Korea and whatsoever and
00:01:42
I know we are very familiar with Asian
00:01:44
countries right so uh being our country
00:01:47
Philippines uh which belongs to Asia
00:01:50
okay so Asian literature basically is uh
00:01:55
encompassing the people and the rich and
00:01:58
widely diverse cultural and ethnic
00:02:00
heritages found in such countries
00:02:04
belonging in Asia so the examples are
00:02:07
China India Japan Vietnam and Korea and
00:02:12
Asia or Asian people uh and uh I know
00:02:16
you're very familiar that here in Asia
00:02:19
we have many cultures from different
00:02:22
countries however since they are
00:02:24
adjusting to one another they have
00:02:26
similarities though they have
00:02:29
differences also because one culture is
00:02:32
unique from different countries so Asian
00:02:35
American literature also shows the
00:02:38
impact of immigrating to a new country
00:02:39
to the Asian characters trying to retain
00:02:42
their previous culture and adjust them
00:02:44
to new situations so Asian literature
00:02:46
also provides culture with opportunities
00:02:48
to explore various cultures through a
00:02:52
wide variety of literary genres so if
00:02:55
you're going to be looking at Asian
00:02:56
literature and they have they they have
00:02:59
their own unique genres the same thing
00:03:01
with the other I mean other genres from
00:03:05
the different from the different
00:03:07
countries but if you're going to be
00:03:08
looking in Asia
00:03:10
Asian literature they have some
00:03:12
different uh types of literature that
00:03:15
can help that can only be found in Asian
00:03:18
countries and were adopted by other
00:03:20
countries also okay so let's start first
00:03:24
with the history of Asia and how this
00:03:27
Chinese civilizations and uh and of
00:03:31
course those uh events and all really
00:03:34
um affect the Asian literature or the
00:03:37
works of literature in Asia so let's
00:03:40
start with the Chinese civilization so I
00:03:43
know you're very familiar in epoxy now
00:03:45
being Chinese
00:03:47
dynasty so we have lots of Dynasty here
00:03:51
um including the king the Queen the
00:03:52
emperor the empress and whatsoever so
00:03:55
here
00:03:56
um it started with 1600 BC to 1047 BC
00:04:00
and from the Shang Dynasty having 31
00:04:03
Kings of same family I'm having weak
00:04:06
central control and written records so
00:04:08
if you're going to be looking into the
00:04:09
Chinese civilian each one
00:04:12
having that context it was uh clearly
00:04:15
seen from the Chinese drama right
00:04:19
I know you're very familiar with the
00:04:21
Chinese drama that really I mean
00:04:23
flaunting from the Netflix and other
00:04:26
um and not other digital platforms so
00:04:29
here we do have also the zoo Dynasty at
00:04:32
10 47 to 256 BC the Qin dynasty from 221
00:04:38
to 206. here they have the unification
00:04:40
of the political
00:04:43
entities having centralized control the
00:04:47
laws the measures the currency the roads
00:04:49
the Great Wall of the thinking so they
00:04:51
have already the uh one thinking from
00:04:54
the 31 Kings having first emperor okay
00:04:59
okay and then finally from the later
00:05:02
Dynasty we do have the hand the G and
00:05:04
the soup uh the tongue the song that you
00:05:06
want the Ming so each year I mean each
00:05:09
Dynasty they have their own uh really
00:05:12
rich culture and really I mean different
00:05:15
events that really affect one another
00:05:17
and really affect also our writers and
00:05:20
writing
00:05:21
so here we do have the Chinese tributary
00:05:23
system here they have the traditional
00:05:25
system for managing foreign relation and
00:05:28
therefore they have the central Kingdom
00:05:30
worldview the Ming Dynasty at 1368 the
00:05:33
1644 had the most extensive tributary
00:05:36
system what is tributary system
00:05:37
tributary system is basically more of a
00:05:40
loss more of their tools so tributes
00:05:45
from East Asia South Aisha
00:05:49
um Southeast Asian even West Asia and
00:05:51
Africa uh they have one agreement of
00:05:54
certainty okay so here at Zhang has
00:05:58
plead at 1405 to 33 33 over 300 ships
00:06:03
and 20 000 men freed and commerce so
00:06:06
southeast Asia South Asia West Asia and
00:06:08
East Africa they try to open their
00:06:11
countries already in terms of trading
00:06:13
and in terms of
00:06:15
um Commerce of economy so more of uh
00:06:18
trading their own products and all so
00:06:21
therefore through that they have the
00:06:23
here they send his expedition crowning
00:06:27
success is his gift of exotic African
00:06:29
animals to the Chinese court at Europe
00:06:31
is taken to the mythical killing and a
00:06:34
symbol of a just government so if you're
00:06:37
going to be looking also into the other
00:06:39
literature the animals takes into
00:06:41
symbolism and also other objects and can
00:06:46
also be seen into the types of
00:06:48
literature that they have
00:06:50
so here we have the ancient southeast
00:06:53
Asia the Buddhist kingdoms and Empires
00:06:56
trade with east and south Asia nearly
00:06:58
continuous Warfare and therefore there
00:07:01
is an invasion of Mongols already and
00:07:03
spread of Islam and then Mosaic of small
00:07:06
states
00:07:08
so like that
00:07:10
so here
00:07:12
um from that uh I I know you're very
00:07:15
familiar that uh there is an Opium War
00:07:18
into the uh China that really affects
00:07:21
the trading of of uh of uh countries and
00:07:26
therefore British Navy captured Hong
00:07:29
Kong and defeated China which as uh were
00:07:32
us this uh historic Turning Point uh
00:07:35
comes in with a series of Western
00:07:37
Invasion and equal treaties with Western
00:07:40
powers and then the extra territorial
00:07:43
jurisdiction the tariffs also uh subject
00:07:46
to approval by Western powers and
00:07:49
shattered the tributary system more of
00:07:51
agreement and exacerbated domestic
00:07:54
crisis and then culminated in the fall
00:07:57
of King Dynasty so there you go so Paul
00:08:00
of China and their uh the flourishing of
00:08:04
Japan so Japan's major restoration
00:08:06
similar challenges different response so
00:08:09
Japan 250 years inclusion American
00:08:13
Commodore Matthew Perry's worship
00:08:15
entered tokyobe in 1853 therefore uh
00:08:19
Through The Invasion and all therefore
00:08:23
there is a western challenge a series of
00:08:25
treaties with Britain France Russia and
00:08:28
the Netherlands opening Port the low
00:08:31
custom duties the extra territorial
00:08:33
jurisdiction and therefore there is a
00:08:36
domestic problem the Shogun are
00:08:39
literally General in Edo Tokyo
00:08:41
controlled the emperor in Kyoto shogun's
00:08:43
government didn't have strong central
00:08:45
control and therefore Japan was divided
00:08:48
into some 260 semi-auto autonomous and
00:08:52
mitually jealous domains so there is
00:08:56
another major restoration broken down
00:08:58
the Shoguns politely
00:09:00
um created centralized national
00:09:02
government used Emperors focus of
00:09:05
loyalty and symbol of legitimacy and
00:09:07
therefore there is an Imperial Guard of
00:09:09
10 000 men so if you're going to be
00:09:12
looking into really the events of it
00:09:14
you're gonna be uh you're gonna be
00:09:16
seeing this one into our movies into our
00:09:19
stories of histories and all because
00:09:21
eventually they try to enact only what
00:09:24
is happening into the context of other
00:09:27
countries so here there is a two most
00:09:29
important constituencies the Samurai and
00:09:31
the farmers the samurai the Privileges
00:09:34
but uh gradually removed and then
00:09:36
Farmers from the land tax reform
00:09:38
eradication or payment and produce basis
00:09:41
for modern capitalists and when 109
00:09:43
million certificates of land or
00:09:45
ownership
00:09:46
so there is already the establishment of
00:09:50
Education from a elementary school and
00:09:52
then there is a compulsory of Education
00:09:54
already and there is military work in
00:09:57
the the arm the citizen becomes Army and
00:10:01
then the magical constitution of 1889
00:10:03
the meals of Prague the bicameral
00:10:07
legislature the emperor's right
00:10:10
and the war minister of Navy Minister
00:10:13
from military
00:10:15
so if we're gonna be looking at it they
00:10:17
have already I mean a different way of
00:10:20
how uh there is an administrative
00:10:22
control from the emperor to electorate
00:10:25
and then going into down from the whole
00:10:29
Ministry and then there is a different
00:10:30
from the prime ministers that's why
00:10:32
we're going to be looking into the
00:10:33
stories of China uh Korea Irma dramas uh
00:10:38
they have a different from a different
00:10:42
um organization of the emperor and then
00:10:45
the Prime Minister okay so however they
00:10:48
have still have I mean the same judicial
00:10:51
system and all however into our
00:10:53
um Emperor and all they have a different
00:10:55
way of how they try to appoint their own
00:10:58
people okay so South modernization
00:11:00
industrialization technological
00:11:02
innovation and growth of trade
00:11:05
and then there you go the Japan defeated
00:11:07
China in 1894 and the Japan defeated
00:11:11
Russia in 1905. so here so Asia by World
00:11:16
War II we're going to be looking at the
00:11:18
uh the map
00:11:20
um how really look into uh the World War
00:11:24
II take place from the different
00:11:26
countries
00:11:27
from the Union of Soviet Socialist
00:11:29
Republic
00:11:30
so there you go and then after that one
00:11:33
we do have already the Southeast Asian
00:11:35
literature history
00:11:36
so let's move on so if you're going to
00:11:39
be looking into the Southeast Asian late
00:11:41
uh literature they have what we call the
00:11:44
uh theme or the uh central idea or
00:11:47
Central messages of all of some of our
00:11:50
literature so we have the Oriental
00:11:52
philosophy this is a system that
00:11:55
harmonizes the natural and social world
00:11:57
that includes Humanity in the center
00:12:00
uniting with nature and society and they
00:12:03
discover not only the three directions
00:12:04
of time the past the present and the
00:12:07
future but also a poor direction
00:12:08
direction of the spiritual life that's
00:12:11
why if we're going to be looking into
00:12:12
their own stories and on
00:12:16
um poems and uh most of their Central
00:12:19
messages and Central topics are from the
00:12:22
past personal future and of course a
00:12:24
spiritual life
00:12:26
so here they have the nature and society
00:12:29
and Humanity Unite with one another in a
00:12:31
Harmony of beauty so the link of human
00:12:34
generations and the creatures
00:12:37
um never end so Nan turns up Nan means
00:12:39
unless can hand have it's not simply
00:12:42
possessive any meaning but it means the
00:12:44
limitation of changing and the
00:12:46
developing a process of everything
00:12:48
so here
00:12:50
um also different countries they have
00:12:52
their own
00:12:53
um own beliefs and own religion so there
00:12:56
you go so here we do have Burma as the
00:12:59
uh one that they try to
00:13:04
um
00:13:05
they try to really have a
00:13:08
spiritual thing for Buddhism the
00:13:11
anti-government exposure of government
00:13:13
corruption so here for Indonesian event
00:13:16
we do have the ramayana the Journey of
00:13:20
Rama we're in the purpose of uh of other
00:13:24
stories about conquering evil with good
00:13:27
so the important things that you may see
00:13:30
into ramayana are the meditation the
00:13:32
power of language the hierarchy and the
00:13:35
case thing which is about the law
00:13:36
so here at Laos or Laos we do have the
00:13:39
secular text much richer than religious
00:13:42
texts because it's more of a popular and
00:13:45
classical literature that well known uh
00:13:48
into the levels of society the stories
00:13:51
the Legends the poems of oral Traditions
00:13:54
that are satirical in tone and called uh
00:13:59
the stories they are called cesva more
00:14:01
of strong moral and educational content
00:14:04
so they have also tales and judicial
00:14:06
stories they have also historical
00:14:09
Legends The Poetry the classical law
00:14:11
literature that uh their teams are
00:14:14
including the handsome priests as the
00:14:16
heroine and the beautiful princess as
00:14:19
the antagonist as a demon so there is
00:14:22
also a loud version of the ramayana
00:14:24
so how for however on the other end for
00:14:27
our Philippines our Philippine
00:14:29
literature
00:14:31
um in Asia we have the epics for like
00:14:33
stories of Euros the meats Legends the
00:14:36
riddles and the balagtasan
00:14:38
we have also the cultural values as a
00:14:41
universal team of epic poetry which are
00:14:43
the following the birth of the Euro the
00:14:46
precautious strength the magical powers
00:14:47
Eric Garland needs the Extraterrestrial
00:14:50
journey and of course the death and
00:14:52
resurrection and we do have also some
00:14:54
epic of romance and then epic of
00:14:56
migration
00:14:57
like the diage
00:15:02
[Music]
00:15:04
like that
00:15:06
so we have also a literature from
00:15:09
Thailand but uh the the revolving uh way
00:15:14
of having to presenter literature are
00:15:16
more of faith and Karma Tales the
00:15:20
Buddhists the theme of rice
00:15:22
um gather as much you need for one day
00:15:25
for Vietnam we do have the rich and
00:15:27
varied over the centuries we're in the
00:15:29
depict humor realism and irony of the
00:15:32
Vietnamese people wherein it's about the
00:15:34
Buddhism Confucianism taoism and animism
00:15:37
and it uh can you can clearly see it
00:15:40
into their literature and into their
00:15:42
drama
00:15:43
so
00:15:45
here at the Isha literature uh they are
00:15:49
rich and diverse cultural and ethnic
00:15:51
Heritage and they try to impact on
00:15:53
emigrating to a new country trying to
00:15:55
retain their previous culture and adjust
00:15:58
to new situation so we have also the
00:16:01
piety in China the importance of respect
00:16:03
for ancestors and at most regards for
00:16:06
parents that's why if we're going to be
00:16:07
looking into uh their stories and they
00:16:11
have uh what we call
00:16:13
um
00:16:14
they tried to to look into first uh what
00:16:19
the ancestors would say into a certain
00:16:21
thing and therefore from there things
00:16:24
that the Insiders are I mean from the
00:16:27
sayings of their ancestor they try to
00:16:28
put into their everyday life and they
00:16:30
really have a strong belief about that
00:16:32
so the piety towards parents Society the
00:16:35
virtues of righteousness love goodness
00:16:37
and Truth
00:16:38
so we do have also one of the Year
00:16:41
well-known authors the Lawrence Yap of
00:16:43
2000 so her style I hit style is about
00:16:47
the people difficulty in writing uh
00:16:49
bridging to culture so his observations
00:16:52
are extremely important
00:16:54
um into the understanding on how
00:16:57
students parents view society and human
00:16:59
relationship Robert beer another author
00:17:02
and he really showed the importance of
00:17:06
the five Buddhas or the five enlightened
00:17:08
families another from the stereotypes in
00:17:11
past literature uh they are more of the
00:17:14
earlier books that were influenced by
00:17:17
the Chinese Exclusion Act so they stayed
00:17:20
on the legislation forever changed
00:17:22
America's relationship
00:17:24
so we do have another new stereotypes of
00:17:26
Asia Americans the high achievement
00:17:28
Asians are only five percent of the U.S
00:17:31
population and therefore they are
00:17:33
influenced with that
00:17:34
so so they are the things that you see
00:17:37
on the screen are examples of Asian
00:17:40
literature and they can uh however we
00:17:44
are already digitalized so therefore
00:17:46
um those books are um adapted into
00:17:49
movies and therefore uh really uh
00:17:52
presented into the digital platforms and
00:17:55
really uh we have already the
00:17:58
independent movies and also really uh
00:18:02
everyone can be a writer really uh was
00:18:05
this a poetry and presenting the
00:18:08
richness of the culture of each
00:18:10
countries especially of course in Asia
00:18:12
so that would be all everyone for
00:18:15
Eastern literature thank you so much
00:18:16
everyone and we'll uh we'll have another
00:18:19
discussion for another literature I
00:18:21
guess with Australia so that would be
00:18:24
all everyone thank you so much