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hi everyone and welcome back to world
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literature class so for today's session
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uh we're done already with the midterm
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examination so at this point in time
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we'll now be moving into really I mean
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going into the different places from a
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different
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um continents and uh from the different
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countries uh as we try to look into how
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world literature works with uh the uh I
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mean with uh literature and of course
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with a different setting and different
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culture and how the authors try to give
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really um attack impact to the uh to
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their context and put into the
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literature so again everyone our topic
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for today uh for our world literature
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class is about the Asian literature or
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the Asian or the oceanic literature
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so the Oriental literature so again our
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topic for today is about the Asian
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history and the Oriental literature so
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we'll now be moving everyone
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so for our discussion for today we're
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going to be dealing with uh the uh
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overview of Asian history and that how
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does or how do this
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um does this Asian history really affect
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I mean coming up in terms of uh their
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literature as a whole okay so these are
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the following slides providing an
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overview of Asian history from the child
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from the China Korea and whatsoever and
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I know we are very familiar with Asian
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countries right so uh being our country
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Philippines uh which belongs to Asia
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okay so Asian literature basically is uh
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encompassing the people and the rich and
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widely diverse cultural and ethnic
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heritages found in such countries
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belonging in Asia so the examples are
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China India Japan Vietnam and Korea and
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Asia or Asian people uh and uh I know
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you're very familiar that here in Asia
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we have many cultures from different
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countries however since they are
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adjusting to one another they have
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similarities though they have
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differences also because one culture is
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unique from different countries so Asian
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American literature also shows the
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impact of immigrating to a new country
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to the Asian characters trying to retain
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their previous culture and adjust them
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to new situations so Asian literature
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also provides culture with opportunities
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to explore various cultures through a
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wide variety of literary genres so if
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you're going to be looking at Asian
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literature and they have they they have
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their own unique genres the same thing
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with the other I mean other genres from
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the different from the different
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countries but if you're going to be
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looking in Asia
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Asian literature they have some
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different uh types of literature that
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can help that can only be found in Asian
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countries and were adopted by other
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countries also okay so let's start first
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with the history of Asia and how this
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Chinese civilizations and uh and of
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course those uh events and all really
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um affect the Asian literature or the
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works of literature in Asia so let's
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start with the Chinese civilization so I
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know you're very familiar in epoxy now
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being Chinese
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dynasty so we have lots of Dynasty here
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um including the king the Queen the
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emperor the empress and whatsoever so
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here
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um it started with 1600 BC to 1047 BC
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and from the Shang Dynasty having 31
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Kings of same family I'm having weak
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central control and written records so
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if you're going to be looking into the
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Chinese civilian each one
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having that context it was uh clearly
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seen from the Chinese drama right
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I know you're very familiar with the
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Chinese drama that really I mean
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flaunting from the Netflix and other
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um and not other digital platforms so
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here we do have also the zoo Dynasty at
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10 47 to 256 BC the Qin dynasty from 221
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to 206. here they have the unification
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of the political
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entities having centralized control the
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laws the measures the currency the roads
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the Great Wall of the thinking so they
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have already the uh one thinking from
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the 31 Kings having first emperor okay
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okay and then finally from the later
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Dynasty we do have the hand the G and
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the soup uh the tongue the song that you
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want the Ming so each year I mean each
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Dynasty they have their own uh really
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rich culture and really I mean different
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events that really affect one another
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and really affect also our writers and
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writing
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so here we do have the Chinese tributary
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system here they have the traditional
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system for managing foreign relation and
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therefore they have the central Kingdom
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worldview the Ming Dynasty at 1368 the
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1644 had the most extensive tributary
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system what is tributary system
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tributary system is basically more of a
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loss more of their tools so tributes
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from East Asia South Aisha
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um Southeast Asian even West Asia and
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Africa uh they have one agreement of
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certainty okay so here at Zhang has
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plead at 1405 to 33 33 over 300 ships
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and 20 000 men freed and commerce so
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southeast Asia South Asia West Asia and
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East Africa they try to open their
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countries already in terms of trading
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and in terms of
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um Commerce of economy so more of uh
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trading their own products and all so
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therefore through that they have the
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here they send his expedition crowning
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success is his gift of exotic African
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animals to the Chinese court at Europe
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is taken to the mythical killing and a
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symbol of a just government so if you're
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going to be looking also into the other
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literature the animals takes into
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symbolism and also other objects and can
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also be seen into the types of
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literature that they have
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so here we have the ancient southeast
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Asia the Buddhist kingdoms and Empires
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trade with east and south Asia nearly
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continuous Warfare and therefore there
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is an invasion of Mongols already and
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spread of Islam and then Mosaic of small
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states
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so like that
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so here
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um from that uh I I know you're very
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familiar that uh there is an Opium War
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into the uh China that really affects
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the trading of of uh of uh countries and
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therefore British Navy captured Hong
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Kong and defeated China which as uh were
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us this uh historic Turning Point uh
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comes in with a series of Western
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Invasion and equal treaties with Western
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powers and then the extra territorial
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jurisdiction the tariffs also uh subject
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to approval by Western powers and
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shattered the tributary system more of
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agreement and exacerbated domestic
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crisis and then culminated in the fall
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of King Dynasty so there you go so Paul
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of China and their uh the flourishing of
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Japan so Japan's major restoration
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similar challenges different response so
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Japan 250 years inclusion American
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Commodore Matthew Perry's worship
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entered tokyobe in 1853 therefore uh
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Through The Invasion and all therefore
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there is a western challenge a series of
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treaties with Britain France Russia and
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the Netherlands opening Port the low
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custom duties the extra territorial
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jurisdiction and therefore there is a
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domestic problem the Shogun are
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literally General in Edo Tokyo
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controlled the emperor in Kyoto shogun's
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government didn't have strong central
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control and therefore Japan was divided
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into some 260 semi-auto autonomous and
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mitually jealous domains so there is
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another major restoration broken down
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the Shoguns politely
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um created centralized national
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government used Emperors focus of
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loyalty and symbol of legitimacy and
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therefore there is an Imperial Guard of
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10 000 men so if you're going to be
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looking into really the events of it
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you're gonna be uh you're gonna be
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seeing this one into our movies into our
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stories of histories and all because
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eventually they try to enact only what
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is happening into the context of other
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countries so here there is a two most
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important constituencies the Samurai and
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the farmers the samurai the Privileges
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but uh gradually removed and then
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Farmers from the land tax reform
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eradication or payment and produce basis
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for modern capitalists and when 109
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million certificates of land or
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ownership
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so there is already the establishment of
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Education from a elementary school and
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then there is a compulsory of Education
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already and there is military work in
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the the arm the citizen becomes Army and
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then the magical constitution of 1889
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the meals of Prague the bicameral
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legislature the emperor's right
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and the war minister of Navy Minister
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from military
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so if we're gonna be looking at it they
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have already I mean a different way of
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how uh there is an administrative
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control from the emperor to electorate
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and then going into down from the whole
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Ministry and then there is a different
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from the prime ministers that's why
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we're going to be looking into the
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stories of China uh Korea Irma dramas uh
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they have a different from a different
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um organization of the emperor and then
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the Prime Minister okay so however they
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have still have I mean the same judicial
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system and all however into our
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um Emperor and all they have a different
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way of how they try to appoint their own
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people okay so South modernization
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industrialization technological
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innovation and growth of trade
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and then there you go the Japan defeated
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China in 1894 and the Japan defeated
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Russia in 1905. so here so Asia by World
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War II we're going to be looking at the
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uh the map
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um how really look into uh the World War
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II take place from the different
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countries
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from the Union of Soviet Socialist
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Republic
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so there you go and then after that one
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we do have already the Southeast Asian
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literature history
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so let's move on so if you're going to
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be looking into the Southeast Asian late
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uh literature they have what we call the
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uh theme or the uh central idea or
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Central messages of all of some of our
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literature so we have the Oriental
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philosophy this is a system that
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harmonizes the natural and social world
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that includes Humanity in the center
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uniting with nature and society and they
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discover not only the three directions
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of time the past the present and the
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future but also a poor direction
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direction of the spiritual life that's
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why if we're going to be looking into
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their own stories and on
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um poems and uh most of their Central
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messages and Central topics are from the
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past personal future and of course a
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spiritual life
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so here they have the nature and society
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and Humanity Unite with one another in a
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Harmony of beauty so the link of human
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generations and the creatures
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um never end so Nan turns up Nan means
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unless can hand have it's not simply
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possessive any meaning but it means the
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limitation of changing and the
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developing a process of everything
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so here
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um also different countries they have
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their own
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um own beliefs and own religion so there
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you go so here we do have Burma as the
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uh one that they try to
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um
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they try to really have a
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spiritual thing for Buddhism the
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anti-government exposure of government
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corruption so here for Indonesian event
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we do have the ramayana the Journey of
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Rama we're in the purpose of uh of other
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stories about conquering evil with good
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so the important things that you may see
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into ramayana are the meditation the
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power of language the hierarchy and the
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case thing which is about the law
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so here at Laos or Laos we do have the
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secular text much richer than religious
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texts because it's more of a popular and
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classical literature that well known uh
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into the levels of society the stories
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the Legends the poems of oral Traditions
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that are satirical in tone and called uh
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the stories they are called cesva more
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of strong moral and educational content
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so they have also tales and judicial
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stories they have also historical
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Legends The Poetry the classical law
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literature that uh their teams are
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including the handsome priests as the
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heroine and the beautiful princess as
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the antagonist as a demon so there is
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also a loud version of the ramayana
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so how for however on the other end for
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our Philippines our Philippine
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literature
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um in Asia we have the epics for like
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stories of Euros the meats Legends the
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riddles and the balagtasan
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we have also the cultural values as a
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universal team of epic poetry which are
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the following the birth of the Euro the
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precautious strength the magical powers
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Eric Garland needs the Extraterrestrial
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journey and of course the death and
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resurrection and we do have also some
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epic of romance and then epic of
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migration
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like the diage
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[Music]
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like that
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so we have also a literature from
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Thailand but uh the the revolving uh way
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of having to presenter literature are
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more of faith and Karma Tales the
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Buddhists the theme of rice
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um gather as much you need for one day
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for Vietnam we do have the rich and
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varied over the centuries we're in the
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depict humor realism and irony of the
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Vietnamese people wherein it's about the
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Buddhism Confucianism taoism and animism
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and it uh can you can clearly see it
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into their literature and into their
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drama
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so
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here at the Isha literature uh they are
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rich and diverse cultural and ethnic
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Heritage and they try to impact on
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emigrating to a new country trying to
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retain their previous culture and adjust
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to new situation so we have also the
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piety in China the importance of respect
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for ancestors and at most regards for
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parents that's why if we're going to be
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looking into uh their stories and they
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have uh what we call
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um
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they tried to to look into first uh what
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the ancestors would say into a certain
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thing and therefore from there things
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that the Insiders are I mean from the
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sayings of their ancestor they try to
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put into their everyday life and they
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really have a strong belief about that
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so the piety towards parents Society the
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virtues of righteousness love goodness
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and Truth
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so we do have also one of the Year
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well-known authors the Lawrence Yap of
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2000 so her style I hit style is about
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the people difficulty in writing uh
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bridging to culture so his observations
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are extremely important
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um into the understanding on how
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students parents view society and human
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relationship Robert beer another author
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and he really showed the importance of
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the five Buddhas or the five enlightened
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families another from the stereotypes in
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past literature uh they are more of the
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earlier books that were influenced by
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the Chinese Exclusion Act so they stayed
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on the legislation forever changed
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America's relationship
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so we do have another new stereotypes of
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Asia Americans the high achievement
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Asians are only five percent of the U.S
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population and therefore they are
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influenced with that
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so so they are the things that you see
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on the screen are examples of Asian
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literature and they can uh however we
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are already digitalized so therefore
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um those books are um adapted into
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movies and therefore uh really uh
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presented into the digital platforms and
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really uh we have already the
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independent movies and also really uh
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everyone can be a writer really uh was
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this a poetry and presenting the
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richness of the culture of each
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countries especially of course in Asia
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so that would be all everyone for
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Eastern literature thank you so much
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everyone and we'll uh we'll have another
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discussion for another literature I
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guess with Australia so that would be
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all everyone thank you so much
