Contemporary Topic Intro 02

00:05:38
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2Mr7qYLCt4

Resumen

TLDRO vídeo explora as razões do colapso de três sociedades antigas: os Incas, os habitantes da Ilha de Páscoa e os construtores de Stonehenge. As causas principais discutidas são doenças, problemas ambientais e conflitos culturais. Os Incas sofreram com a varíola trazida pelos europeus, resultando em uma grande perda populacional. A Ilha de Páscoa enfrentou um colapso ambiental devido à destruição de suas árvores, o que prejudicou a pesca e a agricultura. Por fim, os habitantes de Stonehenge passaram de uma cultura pacífica para uma de guerra, levando a conflitos internos e ao colapso social. O vídeo sugere que essas causas são relevantes para entender as sociedades atuais e suas vulnerabilidades.

Para llevar

  • 🦠 Doenças como a varíola devastaram os Incas.
  • 🌳 A destruição das árvores levou ao colapso da Ilha de Páscoa.
  • ⚔️ A mudança cultural em Stonehenge resultou em conflitos internos.
  • 📉 A perda populacional é uma consequência comum de doenças.
  • 🌍 Problemas ambientais podem ser causados por ações humanas.
  • 🕊️ Conflitos culturais podem transformar sociedades pacíficas em belicosas.
  • 📚 Essas causas de colapso são relevantes para entender o mundo atual.
  • 🔍 Analisar sociedades antigas pode nos ensinar sobre as atuais.
  • 💡 Refletir sobre as vulnerabilidades sociais é crucial para o futuro.
  • 🌐 A história pode se repetir se não aprendermos com o passado.

Cronología

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:38

    Na última conversa, discutimos descobertas arqueológicas e o que elas revelam sobre sociedades antigas, focando em três sociedades: os Incas, os habitantes da Ilha de Páscoa e os construtores de Stonehenge. O apresentador explora as razões para o colapso dessas sociedades, que incluem doenças, problemas ambientais e conflitos culturais. A primeira razão, doenças, é exemplificada pela queda do Império Inca, que, após o contato com europeus, sofreu uma devastadora epidemia de varíola, resultando na morte de dois terços da população. A segunda razão, mudanças ambientais, é ilustrada pela Ilha de Páscoa, onde a desflorestação causada pelos habitantes levou à escassez de recursos, resultando em uma drástica diminuição da população. Por fim, o conflito cultural é discutido em relação aos povos de Stonehenge, que, inicialmente pacíficos, passaram a fabricar armas e a lutar entre si, levando ao colapso da sociedade. O apresentador conclui pedindo aos ouvintes que reflitam sobre essas causas e as apliquem a problemas contemporâneos.

Mapa mental

Vídeo de preguntas y respuestas

  • Quais são as três principais razões para o colapso das sociedades discutidas?

    As três principais razões são doenças, problemas ambientais e conflitos culturais.

  • Como a doença afetou o Império Inca?

    A doença, especialmente a varíola, causou a morte de quase dois terços da população Inca.

  • O que causou o colapso da Ilha de Páscoa?

    O colapso foi causado pela destruição das árvores, que levou à falta de recursos para pesca e agricultura.

  • Qual foi a mudança cultural observada entre os habitantes de Stonehenge?

    Os habitantes passaram de uma cultura pacífica para uma cultura de guerra, resultando em conflitos internos.

  • Por que é importante entender essas causas de colapso?

    Entender essas causas pode nos ajudar a refletir sobre problemas nas sociedades atuais e suas vulnerabilidades.

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  • 00:00:01
    last time we talked about archaeological
  • 00:00:04
    discoveries and what they tell us about
  • 00:00:06
    ancient societies so what happened to
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    those three societies we discussed last
  • 00:00:12
    time remember the Incas of South America
  • 00:00:16
    the people of Easter Island and the
  • 00:00:19
    people of Stonehenge what made these
  • 00:00:22
    societies collapse or disappear well
  • 00:00:26
    today I want to talk about that about
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    why these three societies died out why
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    did they collapse generally speaking
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    there are three different reasons
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    disease environmental problems and
  • 00:00:47
    cultural conflict okay let me repeat
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    that the three different reasons why
  • 00:00:54
    these societies collapsed are disease
  • 00:00:59
    environmental problems and cultural
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    conflict and I want you to understand
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    these three reasons are also typical
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    causes of societal collapse throughout
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    history and that may have significant
  • 00:01:17
    meaning for us today more on that later
  • 00:01:20
    okay let's get started on the three
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    reasons first we have disease of course
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    diseases can kill people right but a
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    whole society our first example
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    describes how the Incan society of Peru
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    disappeared evidence suggests that
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    disease was the cause 500 years ago the
  • 00:01:49
    Incan Empire was the largest empire in
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    the world with ten million people and it
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    was also the richest and these riches
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    consisting of gold and valuable stones
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    for example led to this great society's
  • 00:02:06
    disappearance how well when the
  • 00:02:11
    Europeans heard about the Incas
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    wealth they wanted it they wanted all of
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    it
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    so they traveled to the Incan Empire to
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    steal the riches and while they were in
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    the Americas they passed new diseases to
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    the Incan people one of the most deadly
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    diseases
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    was smallpox nearly two-thirds of the
  • 00:02:36
    Incas died because they got smallpox
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    so disease caused the Incan Empire to
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    collapse and historically disease is a
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    big reason why many other societies have
  • 00:02:51
    collapsed
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    now the second cause of societal
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    collapse I want to discuss is
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    environmental change an example of
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    collapse due to environmental change is
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    Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean
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    environmental change can be caused by
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    nature or it can be caused by humans in
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    the case of Easter Island research
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    suggest it was caused by people about
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    1200 years ago the first people of
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    Easter Island cut down all the trees on
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    the island they used the trees as
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    rollers to move their statues can you
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    guess what went wrong
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    Easter Island soon had major problems
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    because the people had used up all of
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    the trees without trees they couldn't
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    build boats for fishing or make tools
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    for farming the shortage of trees led to
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    a major drop in population we might say
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    that the Easter Islanders disappeared
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    because they couldn't live in this new
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    environment this environment without
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    trees very sad story isn't it
  • 00:04:12
    the third and final big reason societies
  • 00:04:16
    collapse is cultural conflict
  • 00:04:19
    archeologists have found evidence that
  • 00:04:21
    the ancient people of Stonehenge were
  • 00:04:24
    very peaceful for a time they had no
  • 00:04:27
    weapons except for hunting however later
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    they began to make weapons of war their
  • 00:04:36
    culture changed from a very peaceful one
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    to a culture of war and fighting
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    archaeologists believe that the people
  • 00:04:46
    of Stonehenge also began to fight within
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    their culture and soon the society
  • 00:04:52
    collapsed why because they experienced
  • 00:04:58
    cultural conflict okay so remember
  • 00:05:04
    historically the three big reasons why
  • 00:05:07
    societies have collapsed our disease
  • 00:05:11
    environmental change and cultural
  • 00:05:15
    conflict for next time I want you to
  • 00:05:19
    think about these three causes of
  • 00:05:20
    collapse then think about problems in
  • 00:05:24
    the world today which societies are
  • 00:05:29
    strong and which face potential collapse
  • 00:05:33
    I'll see you the next class
Etiquetas
  • Incas
  • Ilha de Páscoa
  • Stonehenge
  • colapso social
  • doenças
  • mudanças ambientais
  • conflitos culturais
  • história
  • sociedades antigas
  • vulnerabilidades sociais