sudo = POWER!! (managing users in Linux) // Linux for Hackers // EP4

00:28:19
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwnvKOjmtEA

Resumen

TLDRO vídeo ensina sobre a gestão de usuários no Linux, abordando a criação, modificação e exclusão de contas de usuários e grupos. O apresentador utiliza uma narrativa divertida, fazendo referências aos Vingadores e Thanos, para explicar conceitos como o comando sudo, o arquivo sudoers e a importância de permissões de usuário. Os espectadores são incentivados a praticar em um laboratório Linux gratuito oferecido pelo Hack The Box Academy, onde podem aplicar o que aprenderam. O vídeo é uma introdução essencial para quem deseja se aprofundar em Linux e hacking.

Para llevar

  • 🖥️ Aprenda a criar e gerenciar usuários no Linux.
  • 🔑 Entenda a diferença entre 'add user' e 'user add'.
  • ⚡ Descubra como usar o comando sudo para permissões elevadas.
  • 📂 Veja como listar todos os usuários do sistema.
  • 📝 Conheça o arquivo sudoers e sua importância.
  • 👥 Aprenda a adicionar usuários a grupos.
  • ❌ Saiba como deletar contas de usuários.
  • 👥 Crie grupos no Linux facilmente.
  • 🔄 Use 'gpasswd' para gerenciar grupos.
  • 🔍 Verifique a quais grupos um usuário pertence.

Cronología

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    Neste vídeo, o apresentador introduz a gestão de usuários no Linux, enfatizando sua importância para quem deseja se tornar um hacker ou trabalhar com Linux. Ele menciona que o episódio 4 abordará a criação, exclusão e modificação de contas de usuários, além de grupos e permissões, utilizando o comando sudo para obter privilégios elevados.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    O apresentador orienta os espectadores a acessarem um laboratório Linux gratuito oferecido pela Hack The Box Academy, onde podem praticar a gestão de usuários. Ele demonstra como iniciar o laboratório e como verificar a identidade do usuário atual no sistema usando o comando 'who am i'.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    O vídeo prossegue com a criação de um novo usuário, Thor, utilizando o comando 'add user'. O apresentador explica a diferença entre 'add user' e 'user add', destacando que o primeiro é mais interativo. Ele também menciona a importância do usuário root e como usar o sudo para obter permissões elevadas.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    Após criar Thor, o apresentador mostra como visualizar todos os usuários do sistema através do arquivo '/etc/passwd'. Ele explica a estrutura desse arquivo e a importância do arquivo '/etc/shadow' para armazenar senhas de forma segura. O apresentador também demonstra como adicionar mais usuários, como Iron Man, e a diferença entre os comandos 'add user' e 'user add'.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:28:19

    O vídeo conclui com a criação de grupos e a adição de usuários a esses grupos, explicando como o comando 'sudo' permite que os usuários executem tarefas administrativas. O apresentador enfatiza a importância de gerenciar usuários e grupos no Linux, destacando que essas habilidades são essenciais para qualquer um que deseje trabalhar com o sistema.

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Mapa mental

Vídeo de preguntas y respuestas

  • O que é o comando 'add user'?

    O comando 'add user' é utilizado para criar uma nova conta de usuário no sistema Linux.

  • Qual a diferença entre 'add user' e 'user add'?

    Ambos os comandos criam usuários, mas 'add user' é mais interativo e configura mais opções automaticamente, enquanto 'user add' é mais simples e não configura detalhes como senha.

  • O que é o comando 'sudo'?

    O comando 'sudo' permite que um usuário execute comandos com permissões de superusuário, essencialmente dando acesso temporário a privilégios elevados.

  • Como posso ver todos os usuários no sistema?

    Você pode ver todos os usuários no sistema usando o comando 'cat /etc/passwd'.

  • O que é o arquivo sudoers?

    O arquivo sudoers define quais usuários têm permissão para usar o comando sudo e quais comandos eles podem executar.

  • Como adicionar um usuário a um grupo?

    Você pode adicionar um usuário a um grupo usando o comando 'usermod -aG nome_do_grupo nome_do_usuario'.

  • O que faz o comando 'userdel'?

    O comando 'userdel' é usado para deletar uma conta de usuário do sistema.

  • Como criar um grupo no Linux?

    Você pode criar um grupo usando o comando 'groupadd nome_do_grupo'.

  • O que é o comando 'gpasswd'?

    O comando 'gpasswd' é usado para adicionar ou remover usuários de grupos.

  • Como posso verificar a qual grupo um usuário pertence?

    Você pode verificar a quais grupos um usuário pertence usando o comando 'groups nome_do_usuario'.

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  • 00:00:00
    managing users in linux this is
  • 00:00:02
    essential you got to know this if you
  • 00:00:03
    want to get into linux or become a
  • 00:00:04
    hacker or do anything
  • 00:00:06
    don't skip this so assemble the avengers
  • 00:00:08
    we gotta stop thanos
  • 00:00:14
    what
  • 00:00:18
    welcome to linux for hackers and
  • 00:00:20
    everyone because everyone
  • 00:00:22
    needs to learn linux this is episode 4
  • 00:00:24
    and you don't want to miss this when
  • 00:00:25
    we're talking about user management user
  • 00:00:27
    accounts and linux and we're pretty much
  • 00:00:29
    going to cover everything from creating
  • 00:00:30
    users deleting them changing them
  • 00:00:32
    creating groups deleting those putting
  • 00:00:34
    on the infinity gauntlet and giving
  • 00:00:35
    yourself super godlike permissions
  • 00:00:37
    which is also known as sudo or the
  • 00:00:39
    sudoer's file we'll cover all that
  • 00:00:41
    and yeah we're gonna assemble the
  • 00:00:42
    avengers and stop thanos we're going to
  • 00:00:44
    save the world and when i say we i mean
  • 00:00:46
    we because you're going to do this with
  • 00:00:47
    me you're getting a free
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    linux lab right here in this video check
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    the link in the description thanks to
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    our sponsor
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    hack the box academy it's seriously
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    trading ground for hackers
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  • 00:01:00
    follow along with me learn how to manage
  • 00:01:02
    users in linux and save the world
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    then click the link below get signed up
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    for free and you'll have a linux
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    kind of killer check it out link below
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    to learn more have you hacked the
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    youtube algorithm today let's make sure
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    you do hit that like button subscribe
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    comment
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    notification bell let's hack youtube
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    today ethically of course
  • 00:01:30
    anyways no time to waste get your
  • 00:01:32
    stinking coffee let's do this
  • 00:01:35
    right now okay here we go we're going to
  • 00:01:37
    learn nearly everything you need to know
  • 00:01:38
    about managing users and linux
  • 00:01:40
    and we're gonna have a bit of fun with
  • 00:01:42
    it too so get your copy and let's go
  • 00:01:44
    now first we gotta launch our lab our
  • 00:01:46
    free linux lab from hack the box academy
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    so go ahead and navigate out there
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    hack the blogs account of me they are
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    our sponsor and they're amazing it's
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    completely free if you haven't already
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    signed up we'll get signed up i've got a
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    video walking you through that right
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    here
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    so log in to hack the box academy go and
  • 00:02:00
    click on the linux fundamentals course
  • 00:02:01
    to get started go ahead and open up the
  • 00:02:03
    user management module right here and
  • 00:02:05
    then to launch our free amazing phone
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    box our lab
  • 00:02:08
    scroll about halfway down and click on
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    start instance and it's going to start
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    quick coffee break just a little sip and
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    it is ready go ahead and click on
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    interact to uh
  • 00:02:17
    interact with it and i've said it before
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    this is amazing it's your free linux lab
  • 00:02:20
    in your browser that you can mess with
  • 00:02:22
    and break things and
  • 00:02:23
    let's do this okay let's talk about
  • 00:02:25
    users every computer system has a user
  • 00:02:28
    including linux and you know what you're
  • 00:02:30
    a user
  • 00:02:32
    to be able to log into the server this
  • 00:02:34
    linux box and do anything you have to be
  • 00:02:36
    a user on the system which user are you
  • 00:02:38
    let's see in a previous video we showed
  • 00:02:40
    this already so let's go ahead and
  • 00:02:41
    launch our terminal
  • 00:02:42
    our green or yellow box up at the top
  • 00:02:44
    here this is launching our shell
  • 00:02:46
    if you don't know what that is we'll go
  • 00:02:47
    back to the last video and watch that
  • 00:02:48
    one we talk all about it to quickly see
  • 00:02:50
    who you are you simply type in who
  • 00:02:52
    am i and there you are your user account
  • 00:02:55
    and you as user 86527 can log into this
  • 00:02:58
    linux machine
  • 00:02:58
    and do stuff you can launch programs
  • 00:03:00
    play games hack
  • 00:03:01
    create things delete things if you have
  • 00:03:03
    the right permissions we'll cover that
  • 00:03:04
    here in a moment
  • 00:03:05
    you you can do a lot of stuff as a user
  • 00:03:07
    of the system but not all users are the
  • 00:03:09
    same now hey
  • 00:03:10
    i've got some bad news we're under
  • 00:03:12
    attack our system our linux
  • 00:03:14
    box here we're being attacked by
  • 00:03:17
    thanos that's his name right the bad guy
  • 00:03:19
    from avengers yes thanos he's attacking
  • 00:03:21
    us
  • 00:03:21
    bad guy thanos is gonna snap his fingers
  • 00:03:23
    and destroy all our user accounts and we
  • 00:03:24
    won't be able to have fun on linux
  • 00:03:26
    anymore
  • 00:03:26
    we have to stop him but how do we do
  • 00:03:28
    that avengers assemble we need the
  • 00:03:30
    avengers right let's call them do they
  • 00:03:32
    have like a bat signal i don't know how
  • 00:03:33
    you call them
  • 00:03:34
    they just know they need help right or
  • 00:03:35
    that we need help but they're not in our
  • 00:03:37
    system right now we have to create these
  • 00:03:38
    user accounts to come and stop thanos
  • 00:03:40
    before he
  • 00:03:41
    snaps anyways let's start by adding the
  • 00:03:44
    avengers to our system
  • 00:03:45
    let's start with thor he's my favorite
  • 00:03:47
    so the command will be
  • 00:03:49
    add user thor and honestly it's that
  • 00:03:52
    simple that's all we need
  • 00:03:53
    the command add user will obviously add
  • 00:03:55
    a user but it's not the only one that
  • 00:03:57
    does this by the way just so you know
  • 00:03:59
    there's add user and then confusingly
  • 00:04:01
    there's another one called
  • 00:04:02
    user add which they do both add a user
  • 00:04:06
    but this command right here is a little
  • 00:04:07
    lazy
  • 00:04:08
    he doesn't do as much whereas this
  • 00:04:09
    command will do a lot i'll show you the
  • 00:04:11
    difference here real quick we'll bring
  • 00:04:12
    in our other avengers
  • 00:04:13
    anyways let's add thor real quick now
  • 00:04:14
    i'm going to hit enter but it's not
  • 00:04:16
    going to work
  • 00:04:17
    watch only root may add a user a group
  • 00:04:19
    to the system now what is a root
  • 00:04:21
    i mean root's another user on the system
  • 00:04:23
    if you watched our previous videos in
  • 00:04:24
    the series you would know all about root
  • 00:04:26
    not groot
  • 00:04:27
    root but we're going to temporarily
  • 00:04:28
    borrow some power from the root which
  • 00:04:30
    he's also known as the super user um so
  • 00:04:33
    what we're going to do here is hit the
  • 00:04:34
    up arrow to get our command back in
  • 00:04:35
    there add user thor we're going to go to
  • 00:04:37
    the beginning of our command
  • 00:04:38
    and type in sudo or it's also often
  • 00:04:41
    pronounced soo do but it's spelt sudo so
  • 00:04:43
    i want to say that
  • 00:04:44
    this is kind of like saying please in
  • 00:04:45
    linux please do this i'm getting super
  • 00:04:47
    powers to do this
  • 00:04:48
    again i'll explain more about that here
  • 00:04:50
    in a moment but anyways this is gonna
  • 00:04:51
    work
  • 00:04:52
    okay cool we got a fun prompt here let's
  • 00:04:54
    put a password in for thor i'm gonna say
  • 00:04:56
    hammer type it in again hammer full name
  • 00:04:58
    i think it's just thor
  • 00:05:00
    it'll ask you for all this random
  • 00:05:01
    information you don't have to put it all
  • 00:05:02
    in just enter enter enter
  • 00:05:03
    is it correct sure and thor's created he
  • 00:05:05
    is now a user on the system but how do
  • 00:05:08
    we know that where
  • 00:05:09
    is he well to find out what users are on
  • 00:05:12
    your system there's one simple place to
  • 00:05:13
    look
  • 00:05:13
    i'm going to clear my screen real quick
  • 00:05:15
    by typing in clear or i can just do
  • 00:05:16
    control
  • 00:05:17
    l whoo nice and clean there's a file in
  • 00:05:19
    the system that has a list of every user
  • 00:05:20
    on this
  • 00:05:21
    box or this system we're going to use
  • 00:05:23
    the command cat which we learned before
  • 00:05:25
    we're going to cat the forward slash
  • 00:05:27
    etsy forward slash pass
  • 00:05:28
    wd when we do that here's what happens
  • 00:05:31
    boom bunch of users on our system i bet
  • 00:05:33
    you're surprised like where all these
  • 00:05:35
    users come from i mean the first two we
  • 00:05:36
    recognize right i mean the last two
  • 00:05:38
    uh this one right here is us user blah
  • 00:05:40
    blah
  • 00:05:41
    and then thor the one we just created
  • 00:05:42
    there he is all these other entries are
  • 00:05:44
    indeed
  • 00:05:45
    user accounts on this system and they do
  • 00:05:47
    serve a purpose a lot of these you can't
  • 00:05:48
    log in
  • 00:05:49
    with like right here it says no login on
  • 00:05:51
    this account they do serve a purpose not
  • 00:05:53
    the topic for another video anyways now
  • 00:05:55
    real quick
  • 00:05:55
    what does all this right here mean it's
  • 00:05:58
    kind of gobbledygook right i mean the
  • 00:05:59
    first bit we understand what it is the
  • 00:06:01
    username
  • 00:06:02
    thor and user blah blah blah but what's
  • 00:06:04
    all the stuff after it well just after
  • 00:06:06
    the username we have
  • 00:06:07
    just an x sitting there all by himself
  • 00:06:09
    in fact you'll see this on pretty much
  • 00:06:10
    every user account appear
  • 00:06:12
    x max and what the x indicates is that
  • 00:06:14
    your password is stored in a separate
  • 00:06:16
    file called the
  • 00:06:17
    shadow file more specifically it's in a
  • 00:06:19
    place called etsy
  • 00:06:21
    shadow in linux we store our passwords
  • 00:06:23
    in the shadows where they're hidden you
  • 00:06:25
    can't see them but for real
  • 00:06:26
    if we go to it real quick we can
  • 00:06:27
    actually look at it let's do cat
  • 00:06:29
    etc etsy shadow oh permission deny we
  • 00:06:32
    need some
  • 00:06:33
    listen please sudo there we go and right
  • 00:06:35
    here next to the username thor we have
  • 00:06:37
    his password which that's actually not
  • 00:06:38
    his password
  • 00:06:39
    that's the hashed version topic for
  • 00:06:41
    another time anyways now just after x we
  • 00:06:43
    have two numbers
  • 00:06:44
    and they're the same we have one
  • 00:06:45
    thousand one and one thousand one what
  • 00:06:48
    are those
  • 00:06:48
    well those are his ids the first one is
  • 00:06:52
    his user id or a uid it's a number
  • 00:06:55
    which you can obviously see it's 1001.
  • 00:06:57
    the second one is his
  • 00:06:59
    group id we'll cover groups here in a
  • 00:07:00
    second but just know that when we create
  • 00:07:02
    a user in linux
  • 00:07:03
    we both create a user and a group for
  • 00:07:06
    that user so we have a username named
  • 00:07:07
    thor
  • 00:07:08
    we also have a group named thor and the
  • 00:07:10
    member of that group
  • 00:07:11
    is thor and then after that we got some
  • 00:07:13
    like random filler stuff like his name
  • 00:07:15
    and comments and stuff
  • 00:07:16
    and then after that we have his home
  • 00:07:19
    directory where he gives his hammer and
  • 00:07:21
    his
  • 00:07:21
    chest plate i don't know what thor has
  • 00:07:23
    his hair ties for thor his home
  • 00:07:25
    directory is in
  • 00:07:26
    the same place that a lot of people's
  • 00:07:27
    home directories are home
  • 00:07:30
    and then a directory called thor we'll
  • 00:07:32
    look at that here in a moment and then
  • 00:07:33
    just after that
  • 00:07:34
    we have his default shell when thor logs
  • 00:07:37
    into the system
  • 00:07:37
    what shell is he going to be given again
  • 00:07:39
    if you don't know what i'm talking about
  • 00:07:40
    go look at our previous video
  • 00:07:42
    but by default when we created his user
  • 00:07:44
    account with the add user command
  • 00:07:46
    it's going to be bash so that is what
  • 00:07:48
    all that gobbledygook means now let me
  • 00:07:49
    show you what the user add command does
  • 00:07:51
    our
  • 00:07:52
    alternative command which is kind of
  • 00:07:54
    weird so we have thor he's pretty
  • 00:07:56
    awesome but we need some extra help
  • 00:07:57
    i think we need iron man yeah yeah let's
  • 00:07:59
    get iron man in here so we'll do sudo
  • 00:08:01
    and instead of add user we're gonna
  • 00:08:03
    we're gonna do user
  • 00:08:05
    add and same as before we'll just type
  • 00:08:07
    in the user name iron man
  • 00:08:09
    and watch what happens here it is
  • 00:08:11
    different it's simple
  • 00:08:13
    that's it so remember add user like asks
  • 00:08:16
    hey put in his password
  • 00:08:17
    uh what's his first name last name
  • 00:08:19
    what's social security number
  • 00:08:21
    favorite flavor ice cream like all that
  • 00:08:22
    stuff this one just says
  • 00:08:24
    okay you're like uh what else
  • 00:08:27
    what do i do now that's what i meant by
  • 00:08:29
    saying that command is lazy because he
  • 00:08:30
    doesn't do anything but just say okay
  • 00:08:32
    yeah here's a user account i'm not gonna
  • 00:08:33
    do anything else like
  • 00:08:34
    set the password for you like you can do
  • 00:08:36
    that yourself um and i'll show you how
  • 00:08:37
    to do that here in a second but right
  • 00:08:38
    now
  • 00:08:39
    iron man is created but you can't really
  • 00:08:40
    do much with him so if we cat our
  • 00:08:42
    password file again to see what user
  • 00:08:44
    accounts we have in our system cat
  • 00:08:45
    slash etsy pass wd he's there iron man
  • 00:08:49
    is shown up
  • 00:08:49
    but there's a few things missing now for
  • 00:08:51
    example he has the x there saying that
  • 00:08:53
    his password's in the shadow file but is
  • 00:08:54
    it really because we didn't set a
  • 00:08:55
    password did we also notice here that
  • 00:08:58
    um his default shell is different it's
  • 00:09:00
    sh for
  • 00:09:01
    shell instead of bash so real quick i
  • 00:09:03
    want to take a look at the shadow file
  • 00:09:05
    to see if the stuff is there
  • 00:09:06
    that's interesting you can see that he
  • 00:09:08
    does have
  • 00:09:09
    an entry in the shadow file but it
  • 00:09:11
    doesn't seem to be a password
  • 00:09:12
    and i don't think it is but we can set
  • 00:09:14
    this password real quick command to set
  • 00:09:16
    a password for someone or change a
  • 00:09:17
    password for any username
  • 00:09:18
    is going to be password without the o-r
  • 00:09:22
    i'll show you so we'll we'll need super
  • 00:09:24
    powers sudo command is p-a-s-s-w-d
  • 00:09:28
    and then the user name so i'll type in
  • 00:09:30
    iron man and now we can set his password
  • 00:09:32
    jarvis there we go he's got a legit hash
  • 00:09:34
    there so we know it's working now one
  • 00:09:36
    thing the ad user command did not do for
  • 00:09:37
    iron man is it did not give him a home
  • 00:09:39
    he doesn't have a house right now he
  • 00:09:40
    doesn't have a home directory if i
  • 00:09:41
    navigate to the home directory well all
  • 00:09:42
    the
  • 00:09:43
    user directories live i go cd forward
  • 00:09:45
    slash home
  • 00:09:46
    and i type in ls i can see there are two
  • 00:09:48
    directories there for thor and then for
  • 00:09:50
    me
  • 00:09:51
    but iron man he doesn't have a home dude
  • 00:09:53
    and that's one downside of using the
  • 00:09:55
    user ad command
  • 00:09:56
    is again he's lazy he doesn't do this
  • 00:09:57
    kind of stuff if i jump into the thor
  • 00:09:59
    directory by doing cd
  • 00:10:01
    thor and then lsing his contents
  • 00:10:04
    yeah he's got a desktop he's got
  • 00:10:05
    templates if i do ls
  • 00:10:07
    dash al to reveal the hidden files he's
  • 00:10:10
    got a bunch of stuff going on in there
  • 00:10:11
    which we're not going to get into right
  • 00:10:13
    now i mean it is important but right now
  • 00:10:14
    we got to save the world
  • 00:10:15
    thor is here and he's coming clear our
  • 00:10:17
    screen now if we cap the password file
  • 00:10:19
    again
  • 00:10:20
    etsy pass wd i'm super annoyed that iron
  • 00:10:23
    man's
  • 00:10:24
    default shell is not the same as
  • 00:10:25
    everyone else's it's just sh
  • 00:10:27
    let's make sure it is bash we can modify
  • 00:10:29
    user account new command time are you
  • 00:10:31
    ready the command is
  • 00:10:32
    user mod which stands for user
  • 00:10:34
    modification and as you might expect it
  • 00:10:36
    will modify a user account now there are
  • 00:10:38
    a ton of things we can change if you do
  • 00:10:40
    dash h for help to see like what can i
  • 00:10:42
    do with this it'll tell you
  • 00:10:44
    a lot of stuff and i'm not going to
  • 00:10:46
    cover everything right now that take
  • 00:10:47
    forever and
  • 00:10:48
    thanos is here so i'll do sudo because
  • 00:10:50
    we will need special permissions
  • 00:10:52
    user mod and let's say i want to change
  • 00:10:53
    that shell for iron man
  • 00:10:55
    i'll do iron man say that's who i want
  • 00:10:57
    to change it for
  • 00:10:58
    dash dash shell and i'll say ben
  • 00:11:02
    bash done and if we cap the user or the
  • 00:11:05
    cat the password file once more welcome
  • 00:11:07
    iron man you now are using bash just
  • 00:11:09
    like everyone else
  • 00:11:09
    and we can change other things too like
  • 00:11:11
    maybe his name like sometimes iron man
  • 00:11:13
    isn't iron man sometimes he's tony stark
  • 00:11:15
    so if we do sudo user mod once more
  • 00:11:18
    we'll use the switch
  • 00:11:19
    dash l and then we'll put in the new
  • 00:11:22
    information
  • 00:11:23
    tony stark that's his new username and
  • 00:11:25
    then the old one
  • 00:11:26
    iron man done so if i cat the password
  • 00:11:30
    file once more
  • 00:11:30
    huh he's tony stark now but we don't
  • 00:11:32
    need tony stark right now we need iron
  • 00:11:33
    man let's change it back
  • 00:11:35
    okay better okay here we go now again
  • 00:11:37
    thanos is here and we need more than
  • 00:11:38
    just two avengers
  • 00:11:40
    avengers assemble let's create more
  • 00:11:42
    right now real quick
  • 00:11:43
    fast and that is where the user add
  • 00:11:45
    command comes in handy because you can
  • 00:11:46
    add things really quickly enough to go
  • 00:11:47
    through a menu every single time so
  • 00:11:49
    we'll just do it real quick
  • 00:11:50
    and we also have switches to help us
  • 00:11:51
    with that if i do user add dash h
  • 00:11:53
    we can do a lot of the stuff that the
  • 00:11:55
    add user command does just in one line
  • 00:11:57
    so i'll do user add let's bring in
  • 00:12:01
    hulk and i'll do a dash m which dash m
  • 00:12:04
    will actually create a home directory
  • 00:12:05
    form so whereas iron man didn't get one
  • 00:12:07
    by default i almost forgot we need
  • 00:12:09
    superhero permissions there we go let's
  • 00:12:11
    get spider-man in here
  • 00:12:13
    loki why not oh we can't forget captain
  • 00:12:15
    america
  • 00:12:16
    and i suppose we'll need doctor strange
  • 00:12:18
    i don't like that movie that much
  • 00:12:19
    didn't like it at all wasn't a fan but
  • 00:12:21
    he kind of played a key role so we'll
  • 00:12:22
    put him in here
  • 00:12:23
    so now we have some avengers if i do uh
  • 00:12:26
    cat
  • 00:12:27
    etsy password file boom
  • 00:12:31
    we got them they're here if you've seen
  • 00:12:33
    the movies you know it doesn't go
  • 00:12:35
    great at first thanos does get the power
  • 00:12:37
    he gets the
  • 00:12:38
    the gauntlet or what is it called ah
  • 00:12:40
    okay the infinity gauntlet almost forgot
  • 00:12:42
    actually i did forget i had to look it
  • 00:12:43
    up thanos has the power and he does
  • 00:12:46
    flick his fingers or snaps fingers and
  • 00:12:48
    do some bad stuff
  • 00:12:50
    now i'm gonna add the user account
  • 00:12:52
    thanos
  • 00:12:53
    we're bringing him in he's there i'm
  • 00:12:55
    going to set his password real quick
  • 00:12:57
    password inevitable let's see if he's
  • 00:13:00
    here yep there's thanos
  • 00:13:01
    now here in linux the infinity gauntlet
  • 00:13:03
    that gives you super
  • 00:13:04
    awesome powers and has all the stones
  • 00:13:06
    and you can flick your fingers and
  • 00:13:07
    everyone disappears
  • 00:13:09
    in linux that's definitely the pseudo
  • 00:13:11
    command
  • 00:13:12
    or pseudo we haven't really dived into
  • 00:13:14
    that deeply just yet
  • 00:13:16
    but right now we are it's a command we
  • 00:13:17
    use all the time it stands for
  • 00:13:20
    super user do essentially every time we
  • 00:13:22
    use that command it's like we're
  • 00:13:23
    slipping on the infinity gauntlet
  • 00:13:24
    the super powerful glove and this is the
  • 00:13:26
    worst glove you'll ever see we slip that
  • 00:13:28
    glove on and for one moment
  • 00:13:30
    we have powers to do whatever we frickin
  • 00:13:31
    want so the sudo command or the sudo
  • 00:13:33
    command
  • 00:13:34
    were able to grab the powers of the
  • 00:13:36
    super user the root user
  • 00:13:37
    and use them for that command now the
  • 00:13:40
    super user in the system
  • 00:13:41
    which is the root user he's the boss he
  • 00:13:43
    can do whatever stinking wants on linux
  • 00:13:45
    he can change all the settings
  • 00:13:46
    he can delete all the settings he can
  • 00:13:48
    ruin everything delete half your stuff
  • 00:13:50
    rmrf man that's what thanos is gonna do
  • 00:13:54
    and if you can use the pseudo command to
  • 00:13:55
    impersonate him just for a moment
  • 00:13:57
    that's a pretty stinking powerful
  • 00:13:59
    command it's a command that you don't
  • 00:14:00
    want to just give to anyone you want to
  • 00:14:02
    restrict that access and by default it
  • 00:14:04
    is pretty restricted
  • 00:14:05
    now you can see that right now we've
  • 00:14:07
    been using sudo all day
  • 00:14:08
    we have the infinity gauntlet we can put
  • 00:14:10
    that sucker on and use it whenever we
  • 00:14:11
    want to
  • 00:14:12
    but not everyone can use it for example
  • 00:14:14
    iron man he can't use it we can actually
  • 00:14:16
    pretend to be iron man real quick
  • 00:14:17
    new command time you ready the command
  • 00:14:19
    is s u
  • 00:14:20
    s u allows us to impersonate another
  • 00:14:22
    user we're actually switching
  • 00:14:24
    users we're becoming this user so let's
  • 00:14:26
    become iron man
  • 00:14:27
    i've always wanted to be iron man let's
  • 00:14:29
    do this so again the command is su
  • 00:14:31
    we'll do a space a dash or a tick space
  • 00:14:33
    and then the username of who we want to
  • 00:14:34
    switch into
  • 00:14:35
    now real quick by default if you don't
  • 00:14:37
    put anything here just
  • 00:14:38
    su space dash it's going to switch you
  • 00:14:41
    to the root user
  • 00:14:42
    which we can do like watch and i don't
  • 00:14:44
    know the root password
  • 00:14:46
    um actually but we can do this we can
  • 00:14:49
    put our gauntlet on
  • 00:14:50
    put the affinity gauntlet on sudo su
  • 00:14:54
    space dash i just became the root user i
  • 00:14:57
    just became the infinity gauntlet which
  • 00:14:58
    is kind of weird
  • 00:14:59
    you never want to become the infinity
  • 00:15:00
    gauntlet never log in as root that's why
  • 00:15:02
    we have sudo so i'm going to hit ctrl
  • 00:15:04
    d or we can just type in exit or
  • 00:15:07
    log out either of any of those so i'll
  • 00:15:10
    just do ctrl d
  • 00:15:11
    to become myself again but anyways back
  • 00:15:13
    to becoming iron man so i'll do su
  • 00:15:14
    space dash iron man now doing this
  • 00:15:18
    without the gauntlet on i will have to
  • 00:15:20
    know iron man's password this goes for
  • 00:15:22
    any time you use the su command but if i
  • 00:15:24
    were to use sudo
  • 00:15:25
    and put my gauntlet back on i don't have
  • 00:15:27
    to put a password in but anyways
  • 00:15:29
    i'll become iron man put his password in
  • 00:15:31
    jarvis
  • 00:15:32
    i'm iron man now iron man is pretty
  • 00:15:34
    powerful but he cannot use a pseudo
  • 00:15:35
    command let's try it real quick
  • 00:15:37
    i'll do sudo and i'll try to add a user
  • 00:15:39
    user add
  • 00:15:40
    let's try to bring in pepper potts his
  • 00:15:42
    wife right yeah wife
  • 00:15:43
    that's gonna ask for a pseudo password
  • 00:15:45
    okay just type in jarvis
  • 00:15:47
    things are looking pretty good right no
  • 00:15:49
    we're in trouble
  • 00:15:50
    you're not in the sudoers file this
  • 00:15:52
    incident will be reported you're like
  • 00:15:54
    you're grounded iron man you can't do
  • 00:15:56
    this i do love that we're talking about
  • 00:15:57
    marvel and we have this spider-man line
  • 00:15:59
    that comes in
  • 00:16:00
    anyways that's an overused line anyway
  • 00:16:02
    um so real quick
  • 00:16:03
    what is this right here the sue doers
  • 00:16:06
    file which is a very very awkward phrase
  • 00:16:09
    basically this file the sudor's file
  • 00:16:11
    defines
  • 00:16:12
    who can use sudo who can wear the
  • 00:16:14
    gauntlet right now iron man
  • 00:16:16
    is not in that file so we can't put it
  • 00:16:18
    on so what do you say we go take a look
  • 00:16:19
    at that file i know you're itching to so
  • 00:16:20
    let's do it real quick now the scooters
  • 00:16:22
    file is a very important file that you
  • 00:16:23
    don't want to jack up
  • 00:16:24
    and you can jack it up you can ruin your
  • 00:16:26
    entire system by
  • 00:16:27
    messing up the scenarios file but there
  • 00:16:29
    are some checks in place to keep you
  • 00:16:30
    safe now normally in linux
  • 00:16:31
    to edit a file you might just use your
  • 00:16:33
    default text editor right the one you
  • 00:16:35
    love like we might use
  • 00:16:36
    nano or them but with a suitor's file
  • 00:16:39
    the best practice is to do but with the
  • 00:16:40
    scooter
  • 00:16:41
    but with these two doors file there's a
  • 00:16:42
    certain way we have to do it now we will
  • 00:16:44
    have to use sudo to do this so i'm going
  • 00:16:45
    to stop being iron man for a second i'm
  • 00:16:47
    going to
  • 00:16:48
    ctrl d to log out of iron man okay i'm
  • 00:16:50
    me again the command will be sudo
  • 00:16:52
    and then right after that it'll be vi
  • 00:16:56
    sudo this is the only best practice
  • 00:16:58
    recommended way to
  • 00:16:59
    edit the sudoers file so let's uh get in
  • 00:17:02
    there and take a look and it's not a
  • 00:17:03
    crazy big file either it's kind of
  • 00:17:05
    simple in a way so i'll hit enter
  • 00:17:07
    and we're in and then i'll scroll down
  • 00:17:08
    through this document to
  • 00:17:10
    about here right here is where we're
  • 00:17:12
    able to see who's got permission to do
  • 00:17:14
    what obviously root can use sudo and
  • 00:17:16
    i'll explain what all this means here in
  • 00:17:18
    a moment and then down here in this
  • 00:17:19
    section we have allowed members of a
  • 00:17:20
    group
  • 00:17:21
    pseudo access or pseudo to execute any
  • 00:17:23
    command and then just below that we have
  • 00:17:25
    something else we have a percent sign
  • 00:17:26
    and then
  • 00:17:27
    pseudo this actually is a group and if
  • 00:17:29
    you're a member of this group the sudo
  • 00:17:31
    group
  • 00:17:32
    well you can do all this and what this
  • 00:17:34
    actually means is you can enter
  • 00:17:35
    any command at all and you don't have to
  • 00:17:37
    enter
  • 00:17:39
    a password which is pretty dangerous
  • 00:17:40
    kind of risky but
  • 00:17:42
    it's okay so if you're in this file
  • 00:17:45
    you have the power and thanos does have
  • 00:17:47
    the power let's go ahead and add thanos
  • 00:17:48
    real quick
  • 00:17:49
    we'll pretend he's already in there so
  • 00:17:51
    just under root i'm going to add thanos
  • 00:17:53
    so we'll start with the username which
  • 00:17:54
    is
  • 00:17:55
    thanos the first option here is what
  • 00:17:57
    systems
  • 00:17:58
    can thanos have ultimate power on well
  • 00:18:01
    it's the infinity gauntlet
  • 00:18:02
    all systems and this would be if they're
  • 00:18:04
    like multi-system situations but
  • 00:18:06
    and then i'll do a space equals not plus
  • 00:18:09
    sign
  • 00:18:09
    equals all and that all stands for all
  • 00:18:13
    commands now if you want to just give
  • 00:18:15
    thanos options to do one thing like
  • 00:18:16
    maybe add a user we might do forward
  • 00:18:18
    slash
  • 00:18:19
    sbn forward slash user add giving him
  • 00:18:22
    access to that one command
  • 00:18:24
    we don't want to do that thanos has all
  • 00:18:26
    power
  • 00:18:27
    oh and that's all we need i'm going to
  • 00:18:29
    hit control
  • 00:18:30
    x to say i want out of here don't want
  • 00:18:32
    to save it hit y
  • 00:18:33
    hit enter to write it to that file and
  • 00:18:36
    thanos is there
  • 00:18:37
    he's got the gauntlet on he can do
  • 00:18:38
    whatever he wants let's see if he can
  • 00:18:40
    we're going to become thanos for a
  • 00:18:41
    second so i'll do sudo
  • 00:18:44
    su space dash space thanos
  • 00:18:47
    we're thanos right now so let's do sudo
  • 00:18:49
    user ad what's another bad guy he uses
  • 00:18:51
    oh yeah his daughter nebulous little
  • 00:18:53
    spring nebula in here the stanos have
  • 00:18:55
    access let's see
  • 00:18:57
    what's his password inevitable yep
  • 00:19:00
    it did it worked so let's cap the uh
  • 00:19:03
    password file yep there's nebula
  • 00:19:05
    so thanos has ultimate power he's got
  • 00:19:07
    the gauntlet on
  • 00:19:08
    and crap he's about to snap you ready
  • 00:19:11
    he's going to delete half the
  • 00:19:12
    population in our case half the avengers
  • 00:19:14
    we have here to delete a user
  • 00:19:16
    new new command time it's terrible but
  • 00:19:19
    new command time coffee break
  • 00:19:22
    okay i'm ready sudo user
  • 00:19:25
    del or user delete as you might expect
  • 00:19:28
    this command will
  • 00:19:29
    delete a user and we'll take out thor
  • 00:19:32
    thor is gone if we catch the password
  • 00:19:35
    file
  • 00:19:36
    thor he's gone pseudo user delete
  • 00:19:39
    spider-man gone bye doctor strange
  • 00:19:43
    gone and just like that with a snap of
  • 00:19:44
    his fingers we're down to
  • 00:19:46
    hulk loki and captain america oh and
  • 00:19:49
    iron man two there he is
  • 00:19:50
    and just when it seems hopeless just
  • 00:19:52
    when it seems all is lost the avengers
  • 00:19:54
    have a plan ant-man comes in somehow
  • 00:19:56
    quantum stuff anyways we need the
  • 00:19:57
    gauntlet we need pseudo access to be
  • 00:19:59
    able to
  • 00:20:00
    bring captain america back and all the
  • 00:20:01
    other people got got deleted so let's do
  • 00:20:03
    this right now so
  • 00:20:04
    we're gonna explore a new concept we're
  • 00:20:06
    going to create a group to do that
  • 00:20:08
    new command time here we go we'll do
  • 00:20:11
    sudo group
  • 00:20:12
    add and as you might expect group add
  • 00:20:14
    will simply add a new group i'll do a
  • 00:20:16
    space i'll name my group
  • 00:20:18
    infinite
  • 00:20:21
    gauntlet does spell that right i don't
  • 00:20:24
    care that's what it's going to be called
  • 00:20:26
    and the group is there but how do we
  • 00:20:28
    know where is that group at
  • 00:20:29
    well just like we have a password file
  • 00:20:31
    to look at our users in the system
  • 00:20:33
    we have a file to look at the groups and
  • 00:20:35
    it's much more self-explanatory it makes
  • 00:20:37
    more sense
  • 00:20:38
    i'm going to cat the etsy group
  • 00:20:41
    file and there it is infinity gauntlet
  • 00:20:45
    right there
  • 00:20:45
    as well as every other group that was
  • 00:20:47
    created for our users
  • 00:20:49
    i told you whenever a user account is
  • 00:20:50
    created also they have a group created
  • 00:20:52
    for themselves as well
  • 00:20:53
    now what i want to do is make sure that
  • 00:20:54
    the members of the infinity gauntlet
  • 00:20:56
    group
  • 00:20:56
    do have ultimate power because you mean
  • 00:20:58
    you should you have the infinity
  • 00:21:00
    gauntlet on
  • 00:21:00
    so we need to add the infinity gauntlet
  • 00:21:02
    group to our sudoers file
  • 00:21:04
    let's do that real quick so again we'll
  • 00:21:05
    do sudo vi sudo to edit that file the
  • 00:21:08
    only way to do it don't you ever do it a
  • 00:21:09
    different way
  • 00:21:10
    i'm just kidding but seriously um let's
  • 00:21:13
    edit that file we're gonna scroll down
  • 00:21:14
    to
  • 00:21:15
    where we were and then right here right
  • 00:21:17
    now we see that members of the sudo
  • 00:21:19
    group
  • 00:21:20
    can do whatever they want and actually
  • 00:21:21
    real quick let me show you the reason we
  • 00:21:23
    can do whatever we want
  • 00:21:24
    is because we're members of the sudo
  • 00:21:26
    group if i do
  • 00:21:27
    actually new command time if you just
  • 00:21:29
    type in group i'm sorry
  • 00:21:31
    groups groot
  • 00:21:34
    it'll tell you what groups you are a
  • 00:21:36
    member of the current user account
  • 00:21:37
    you're logged in as and here i'm a
  • 00:21:38
    member of my own group user 86527
  • 00:21:40
    and the pseudo group which gives me
  • 00:21:43
    gauntlet
  • 00:21:44
    access anyways let's make sure the
  • 00:21:45
    gauntlet does have the appropriate
  • 00:21:47
    permissions here so just under
  • 00:21:49
    the sudo group i'm going to add percent
  • 00:21:51
    infinity
  • 00:21:54
    gauntlet make sure you spell it right
  • 00:21:56
    i'll do a space and i'll pretty much
  • 00:21:57
    copy the one just above it i'll say all
  • 00:21:58
    which again is all systems
  • 00:22:00
    space equal sign space i'll say no
  • 00:22:02
    password which is nopa sswd like we see
  • 00:22:05
    here
  • 00:22:06
    i'll do a colon and say all essentially
  • 00:22:08
    it's saying you can do everything you
  • 00:22:09
    want
  • 00:22:10
    all commands and you don't need a
  • 00:22:11
    password you got all them stones
  • 00:22:13
    anyways so i'm going to hit control now
  • 00:22:16
    actually you know what real quick before
  • 00:22:17
    i do that
  • 00:22:18
    i'm going to mess it up like i mentioned
  • 00:22:20
    before if you mess up your suitors file
  • 00:22:22
    you can break the entire system
  • 00:22:24
    there is some checks in there that'll
  • 00:22:26
    keep you safe so i'll just go
  • 00:22:29
    and i hit control x to get out of there
  • 00:22:32
    yes to save hit enter it'll say whoa
  • 00:22:35
    whoa whoa
  • 00:22:36
    there is a syntax error right there not
  • 00:22:38
    supposed to do that what are you doing
  • 00:22:40
    what are you going to do now what do you
  • 00:22:41
    want to do are you sure you want to save
  • 00:22:42
    this if i hit enter it will give me some
  • 00:22:44
    options
  • 00:22:44
    and i love this it's like you might want
  • 00:22:47
    to go edit it again hit e
  • 00:22:48
    hit x to get out of there and don't save
  • 00:22:50
    it just forget what you're doing you
  • 00:22:51
    don't know what you're doing or says you
  • 00:22:52
    know what if you're pretty confident
  • 00:22:53
    just hit q and say you want to save it
  • 00:22:55
    danger um let's be smart let's hit e to
  • 00:22:59
    edit it
  • 00:23:00
    and remove that crap we put in there and
  • 00:23:02
    then we can hit ctrl
  • 00:23:03
    x y and enter no errors we're good
  • 00:23:07
    so the infinity gauntlet group does have
  • 00:23:10
    ultimate sudo
  • 00:23:11
    super user due powers and now what's
  • 00:23:13
    left is the avengers have to somehow
  • 00:23:15
    become part of that group
  • 00:23:16
    put on the glove and change history and
  • 00:23:18
    if you've seen the movie
  • 00:23:19
    spoiler alert um iron man he does this
  • 00:23:22
    so we need to somehow get iron man into
  • 00:23:25
    the infinity gauntlet group let's do
  • 00:23:26
    that right now now real quick let's
  • 00:23:28
    demonstrate that iron man can't do crap
  • 00:23:29
    right now so if i
  • 00:23:30
    become iron man and i try to bring back
  • 00:23:34
    spider-man i can't i don't have the
  • 00:23:36
    glove i can't do it man iron man is
  • 00:23:37
    helpless but let's add them to the group
  • 00:23:39
    so to add a user to a group
  • 00:23:40
    pretty simple we're going to use the
  • 00:23:41
    same command we used earlier to modify a
  • 00:23:43
    user the user mod command
  • 00:23:45
    so we'll do sudo and keeping in mind i'm
  • 00:23:47
    logged in as me now not ironman anymore
  • 00:23:49
    i'll do sudo
  • 00:23:50
    user mod and the switch is dash
  • 00:23:53
    g now dash g by itself will add this
  • 00:23:56
    user to a group
  • 00:23:57
    but it will add it to that group and
  • 00:23:59
    kind of eliminate all other groups
  • 00:24:01
    you may not want to do that so we often
  • 00:24:03
    want to change this to
  • 00:24:04
    dash lowercase a capital g the a stands
  • 00:24:08
    for append
  • 00:24:08
    so this command here we're appending the
  • 00:24:10
    groups that ironman
  • 00:24:12
    is part of so just after dash ag we'll
  • 00:24:15
    type in
  • 00:24:16
    the group which is infinity gauntlet
  • 00:24:19
    and then the user we want to add which
  • 00:24:21
    will be iron man
  • 00:24:22
    just like that iron man has the glove on
  • 00:24:25
    we can actually see if that's happening
  • 00:24:26
    by going to
  • 00:24:27
    or catting the group file
  • 00:24:30
    etsy group and here we can see the
  • 00:24:33
    infinity gauntlet group
  • 00:24:34
    the members over here on the right and
  • 00:24:35
    there's iron man right there now again
  • 00:24:37
    if you saw the movie you know that iron
  • 00:24:38
    man and
  • 00:24:39
    and thanos were kind of wrestling with
  • 00:24:41
    the gloves so thanos was in the group
  • 00:24:43
    too
  • 00:24:43
    they kept going back and forth let me
  • 00:24:45
    add thanos in there real quick
  • 00:24:46
    so yes right now iron man and thanos are
  • 00:24:48
    both part of this group they both have
  • 00:24:49
    super awesome
  • 00:24:50
    powerful pseudo access but eventually
  • 00:24:53
    iron man does wrestle the
  • 00:24:55
    glove off of thanos and puts it on
  • 00:24:56
    himself so new command time how do you
  • 00:24:58
    remove
  • 00:24:59
    a user from a group this command is
  • 00:25:01
    called g password
  • 00:25:03
    the commands sometimes are weird um so
  • 00:25:05
    we'll do sudo
  • 00:25:06
    g pass wd we're gonna do dash d for
  • 00:25:09
    delete specify the user we want to
  • 00:25:11
    remove which will be
  • 00:25:13
    thanos take that off take that take it
  • 00:25:15
    and then we'll specify the group
  • 00:25:17
    infinity gauntlet take that thanos look
  • 00:25:20
    at the group once more
  • 00:25:21
    no one's in there so anyways iron man he
  • 00:25:23
    has the gauntlet
  • 00:25:24
    he snaps his fingers and he creates the
  • 00:25:27
    users we lost
  • 00:25:28
    let me become iron man i am iron man
  • 00:25:31
    pseudo
  • 00:25:32
    user ad captain america pseudo
  • 00:25:35
    user ad spiderman done we'll bring back
  • 00:25:39
    doctor strange
  • 00:25:40
    and i forgot who else but anyways you
  • 00:25:41
    get the picture right iron man has the
  • 00:25:43
    gauntlet on he has the power he's part
  • 00:25:45
    of the group
  • 00:25:46
    and he can now bring back everyone and
  • 00:25:48
    shoot while he's at it let's defeat
  • 00:25:50
    thanos right
  • 00:25:51
    sudo user delete
  • 00:25:55
    thanos here we go
  • 00:25:58
    goodbye thanos and then finally iron man
  • 00:26:00
    realizes the infinity gauntlet it's too
  • 00:26:02
    powerful
  • 00:26:03
    for anyone to possess so he destroys it
  • 00:26:05
    i think that's what happens
  • 00:26:06
    that's what we're going to do right now
  • 00:26:07
    so using the principle of least
  • 00:26:08
    privilege
  • 00:26:09
    we're going to remove the the infinity
  • 00:26:11
    gauntlet group we're going to delete
  • 00:26:12
    that group by doing the
  • 00:26:14
    group delete command in fact iron man
  • 00:26:16
    will do it himself right now and he's
  • 00:26:17
    going to
  • 00:26:18
    delete his access to do it at the same
  • 00:26:20
    time which is kind of weird right
  • 00:26:21
    so sudo group delete uh new command time
  • 00:26:25
    i forgot to sit man
  • 00:26:26
    which obviously means we're gonna be
  • 00:26:28
    deleting a group and the usage is pretty
  • 00:26:30
    straightforward just after group delete
  • 00:26:32
    we'll enter the name of the group
  • 00:26:33
    infinity gauntlet now this does not
  • 00:26:36
    delete any
  • 00:26:37
    users in that group it just deletes the
  • 00:26:39
    group and gone are also iron man's
  • 00:26:41
    privileges to do anything special
  • 00:26:42
    anymore
  • 00:26:43
    for example if he got greedy and wanted
  • 00:26:45
    to create the group once more
  • 00:26:47
    sorry iron man you don't have it anymore
  • 00:26:49
    and i think you have other problems to
  • 00:26:50
    worry about
  • 00:26:51
    we did it i think like we saved the
  • 00:26:53
    world right i mean iron man's
  • 00:26:54
    not okay but we we learned how to manage
  • 00:26:57
    users and linux and in the process we
  • 00:26:59
    assembled the avengers and took away the
  • 00:27:01
    infinity gauntlet destroyed it and saved
  • 00:27:03
    the world
  • 00:27:04
    yeah but seriously we learned a lot
  • 00:27:06
    today we learned how to manage users in
  • 00:27:07
    linux
  • 00:27:08
    add them delete them groups permissions
  • 00:27:11
    all that
  • 00:27:12
    and that's essential to managing a linux
  • 00:27:13
    system to becoming a hacker to doing
  • 00:27:16
    anything with linux now and
  • 00:27:17
    pretty much every area of it involves
  • 00:27:19
    linux and also if you want a quick
  • 00:27:21
    review of what we covered in text form
  • 00:27:23
    uh mosey on over to hack the box academy
  • 00:27:25
    the page we were at the whole time
  • 00:27:26
    and look it over they've got the
  • 00:27:27
    commands we we talked about in text form
  • 00:27:30
    and they also have a delightful quiz at
  • 00:27:32
    the very bottom to test your knowledge
  • 00:27:33
    and see how you do
  • 00:27:34
    and if you get it right you earn cubes
  • 00:27:36
    back which with the junk or cubes
  • 00:27:38
    go watch episode one if you don't know
  • 00:27:39
    what they are also if you want to test
  • 00:27:41
    your skills even further
  • 00:27:42
    i've got a quiz in the description below
  • 00:27:44
    it's free click the link
  • 00:27:45
    and uh let's see what you got and again
  • 00:27:47
    huge shout out to our sponsor hack the
  • 00:27:49
    box academy
  • 00:27:50
    it's free to access right now to do what
  • 00:27:52
    we've been doing here if you want to go
  • 00:27:53
    further and learn how to hack wordpress
  • 00:27:55
    and
  • 00:27:55
    and do python stuff and just man just so
  • 00:27:58
    many things
  • 00:27:59
    check them out link below i'll catch you
  • 00:28:01
    guys next time
  • 00:28:03
    [Music]
  • 00:28:17
    [Music]
  • 00:28:18
    you
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