What is Globalization? |The Contemporary World Lecture Series

00:29:33
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYn70sqaArI

Resumen

TLDRThe course, led by Teacher Heidi, explores contemporary world issues including globalization, its history, and its effects on economy, culture, and politics. Globalization is defined as the global movement of people, ideas, and goods, which increases interconnectedness economically, politically, socially, and culturally. Examples include historical trade like the Silk Road and modern trade and technology. Benefits include economic growth and cultural exchange, while drawbacks include environmental impact and cultural homogenization. Theories from scholars like Goldstein, Friedman, and Appadurai are discussed, outlining various dimensions of globalization.

Para llevar

  • 🌍 Globalization refers to increasing global interconnectedness.
  • 🔄 It involves the movement of people, ideas, money, and culture.
  • 📦 Economically, it includes trade, multinational corporations, and outsourcing.
  • 🌱 It occurs across economic, social, political, and cultural dimensions.
  • 🛰️ Technology and media accelerate globalization.
  • 🏛️ Theories by Goldstein, Friedman, and Appadurai explore globalization's impact.
  • 📉 Drawbacks include cultural loss and environmental degradation.
  • 🕌 Historical examples include the Silk Road's trade routes.
  • ✈️ Modern examples involve global supply chains and cultural exchanges.
  • 🤔 Challenges include balancing benefits with environmental and cultural concerns.

Cronología

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    Welcome to the course on contemporary world issues where students will explore topics such as globalization, migration, and economic development. The focus of this week's lesson is to understand what globalization is. Globalization refers to the global movement of people, ideas, money, and culture, evident in historical examples like the Silk Road, and modern instances such as smartphone production and the COVID-19 pandemic. It signifies growing interconnectedness across various spheres.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:10:00

    The course unpacks diverse definitions of globalization, highlighting its complexity. Scholars like Goldstein and Friedman emphasize globalization as intertwined with economic and cultural exchanges, highlighting its role in connecting markets, states, and technologies on an unprecedented scale. Haywood and Ritzer point out its comprehensive impact beyond economics, touching on social and political realms. Key themes include expanding social networks and intensified global interdependence.

  • 00:10:00 - 00:15:00

    Steiger's analysis identifies globalization as fostering new social connections that defy traditional boundaries. The process involves a significant expansion of social interactions across distances, altering consciousness and bringing closer interdependencies among societies. The movement of people and information is more multi-directional than ever, turning the world into a global village. Globalization impacts multiple dimensions of life from economics to culture.

  • 00:15:00 - 00:20:00

    Globalization's effects, both positive and negative, manifest in various spheres like economics, where multinational corporations reflect its reach. Cultural exchanges occur through food, media, and migration. Technological advances, especially the internet, facilitate rapid information sharing, making global communication easier. Yet, there's substantial debate with viewpoints spanning from its benefits to concerns over economic exploitation and cultural erosion.

  • 00:20:00 - 00:29:33

    The complexities of globalization incorporate elements like Apadurai's 'scapes,' which describe global flows across different dimensions including people, technology, and ideas. Despite its entrenched nature and inherent challenges, globalization presents an unavoidable reality. Students are encouraged to be prepared for a globalized world by acquiring pertinent skills and knowledge that align with global demands, thus fostering economic and cultural adaptability.

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Mapa mental

Mind Map

Preguntas frecuentes

  • What is globalization?

    Globalization is the movement of people, ideas, money, and culture globally, leading to increased interconnectedness.

  • How does globalization affect everyday life?

    Globalization affects everyday life by influencing economic, political, social, and cultural aspects, such as technology, trade, and media.

  • What are some historical examples of globalization?

    The Silk Road is an example of early globalization, facilitating trade and cultural exchange between China and the Mediterranean.

  • How has globalization changed in modern times?

    Modern globalization is characterized by faster and more extensive exchanges of goods, ideas, and culture, driven by technology.

  • What are some economic manifestations of globalization?

    Multinational corporations, outsourcing, and international trade are economic manifestations of globalization.

  • How does globalization influence cultural exchange?

    Globalization enhances cultural exchange through food, media, and technology, enabling different cultures to intersect and interact.

  • What are some advantages of globalization?

    Advantages include peaceful international relations, increased employment, education opportunities, higher product quality, lower prices, and efficient communication and transportation.

  • What are some disadvantages of globalization?

    Disadvantages include health risks, cultural loss, wealth inequality, environmental degradation, and increased competition.

  • What are the different dimensions of globalization according to Arjun Appadurai?

    Appadurai describes ethnoscape, technoscape, mediascape, financescape, and ideoscape as different dimensions of globalization.

  • What is the impact of globalization on the environment?

    Globalization can lead to environmental degradation due to increased industrial activity and resource exploitation.

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Subtítulos
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Desplazamiento automático:
  • 00:00:00
    hi there my dear students welcome to the
  • 00:00:03
    contemporary world course
  • 00:00:04
    i am teacher heidi and i'll be staying
  • 00:00:07
    with you throughout the semester
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    and in this course we will be learning
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    about the different issues that concern
  • 00:00:15
    people around the world so these issues
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    include
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    global demography migration
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    sustainable development climate change
  • 00:00:25
    economic globalization
  • 00:00:27
    and a lot lot more in this week's
  • 00:00:30
    lesson we will be learning about what is
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    globalization so perhaps you have
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    heard of the word before but what
  • 00:00:40
    exactly
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    is globalization
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    we experience globalization knowingly
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    and unknowingly every day of our lives
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    so this is the movement of people of
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    of ideas of money and of culture
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    globally this is not a new phenomenon
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    the silk road which is an old trade
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    route between china
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    and the mediterranean area allowed for
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    the exchange of not only goods but also
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    of
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    of ideas and of culture so what is new
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    however
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    is the range the scale and the speed
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    at which this movement is happening
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    think of your smartphones and the global
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    coordination it took
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    from assembling the parts of the
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    smartphone to the marketing
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    until to the point where that smartphone
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    gets into your own hands
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    or think of this kovid 19 pandemic and
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    how
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    it has reached people around the world
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    in
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    a faster than lightning speed
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    so it was something that was just
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    concentrated in wuhan china
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    and now it's everywhere and has made
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    changes unprecedented changes all over
  • 00:01:58
    the world
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    so of course many have attempted to
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    define what is globalization so
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    globalization is a term
  • 00:02:09
    that came into popular usage in 1980s
  • 00:02:13
    to describe the increased movement of
  • 00:02:15
    people
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    of knowledge of ideas and goods
  • 00:02:19
    and money across national borders that
  • 00:02:22
    has led to the increased
  • 00:02:24
    in interconnectedness among the world's
  • 00:02:26
    population
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    economically politically socially and
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    culturally
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    and although although it is often
  • 00:02:34
    thought of as
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    economic in economic terms this
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    process has also many social
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    political implications as well so we
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    will look into
  • 00:02:47
    the different or a few definitions of
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    globalization so first
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    goldstein in 2009 said
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    that globalization encompasses many
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    trends
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    including expanded international trade
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    monetary coordination multinational
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    corporations
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    telecommunications technical and
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    specific cooperation
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    cultural exchanges of new types and
  • 00:03:18
    scale
  • 00:03:19
    migration and refugee flows and
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    relations between the worlds
  • 00:03:23
    rich in poor countries and between human
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    beings and the natural
  • 00:03:28
    environment fried man in two
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    in 1999 says globalization refers to the
  • 00:03:35
    inexorable
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    integration of markets nation states and
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    technologies to a degree
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    never witnessed before in a way that is
  • 00:03:43
    enabling
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    individuals corporations and nation
  • 00:03:47
    states
  • 00:03:48
    to reach around the world further
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    faster deeper and cheaper than ever
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    before another definition that
  • 00:03:58
    of kiss andre in 2013
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    said globalization is defined as the
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    unprecedented new world state
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    a special phase of the world history it
  • 00:04:10
    is already perceptible but that
  • 00:04:12
    started ultimately in its mature form
  • 00:04:15
    in 1989 with a retreat of
  • 00:04:19
    communism haywood in 2014 said
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    globalization is the emergence
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    of a complex web of interconnectedness
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    that means that our lives are
  • 00:04:31
    increasingly shape the events that occur
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    and decisions that are made at a great
  • 00:04:36
    distance from
  • 00:04:37
    us distinctions are commonly drawn
  • 00:04:40
    between economic globalization
  • 00:04:42
    cultural globalization and political
  • 00:04:45
    globalization
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    ritzer and dean in 2015 said
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    globalization is a transplantatory
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    process
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    set of processes involving increasing
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    liquidity
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    and growing multi-directional flows of
  • 00:05:02
    people
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    objects places and information
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    as well as the structures they encounter
  • 00:05:09
    and create
  • 00:05:10
    that are barriers to or expedite
  • 00:05:13
    those flows
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    so manfred stieger who was
  • 00:05:20
    born in 1961 and who is a professor
  • 00:05:25
    of global professor at the university of
  • 00:05:28
    hawaii and is also a professor of global
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    studies
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    and director of the globalism research
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    center at
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    the rmit university in australia until
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    2013
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    stiger's research and teaching spans
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    globalization
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    ideology and non-violence so
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    manfred stiger found common themes
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    among the many definitions
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    of globalization theme one according to
  • 00:05:59
    manfred's digger is that globalization
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    involves the creation and of new and the
  • 00:06:05
    multiplication
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    of existing social networks and
  • 00:06:09
    activities that increasingly overcome
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    traditional
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    political economic cultural and
  • 00:06:16
    geographical boundaries
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    another theme that he found from those
  • 00:06:22
    definitions says globalization is
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    reflected in the expansion
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    and stretching of social relations
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    activities
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    and interdependence third globalization
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    involves the intensification
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    and acceleration of social exchanges
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    and activities and another one
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    globalization process also involves a
  • 00:06:46
    subjective
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    plane of human consciousness since the
  • 00:06:50
    creation
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    expansion and intensification of social
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    interconnectedness
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    and interdependence did not occur merely
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    on an objective
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    and material level
  • 00:07:03
    so what is globalization according to
  • 00:07:05
    manfred's digger
  • 00:07:07
    so according to him globalization is the
  • 00:07:10
    expansion
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    and intensification of social relations
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    and consciousness across world time and
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    across world space
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    by expansion he means or that refers to
  • 00:07:26
    both the creation of new
  • 00:07:29
    social networks and the multiplication
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    of existing
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    interconnect connections that cut across
  • 00:07:36
    traditional political
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    economic cultural and geographical
  • 00:07:41
    boundaries and by intensification he
  • 00:07:43
    means
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    that it refers to the expansion
  • 00:07:47
    stretching and acceleration of those
  • 00:07:51
    networks so basically class
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    if we talk of globalization
  • 00:07:58
    think of the interconnectedness of the
  • 00:08:01
    interdependence
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    of integration of economic social
  • 00:08:05
    cultural and political aspects of our
  • 00:08:08
    lives
  • 00:08:09
    it is a global movement of people that
  • 00:08:12
    is
  • 00:08:13
    multi-directional so that movement can
  • 00:08:16
    be
  • 00:08:16
    to the north to the south to the east to
  • 00:08:19
    the west
  • 00:08:20
    and so on in a way that
  • 00:08:24
    is making our roads our seas our
  • 00:08:27
    airspace
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    as international highways
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    and because of globalization
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    the world is becoming a global village
  • 00:08:41
    so there you go of course there are
  • 00:08:44
    manifestations
  • 00:08:45
    of globalization in terms of economics
  • 00:08:48
    we will
  • 00:08:50
    realize that there is indeed
  • 00:08:53
    globalization so for example
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    multinational corporations operate on a
  • 00:09:00
    global scale with satellite offices and
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    branches
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    in numerous locations so think of
  • 00:09:07
    jollibee
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    which is proudly pinoy but now you can
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    find jollibee
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    anywhere in the world they have stores
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    in
  • 00:09:15
    the uk in the middle east in the us
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    in china and in a lot more countries
  • 00:09:23
    outsourcing can add to the economic
  • 00:09:25
    development of a struggling country
  • 00:09:28
    bringing much needed jobs some
  • 00:09:31
    automobiles use
  • 00:09:32
    parts from other countries like in a car
  • 00:09:35
    being assembled in the united states
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    with parts coming from
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    korea or germany or japan
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    one shirt that is sold in the states
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    could have been made
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    from chinese cotton by workers in
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    thailand
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    which could have been shipped on a
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    french ship
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    that had spanish crew or filipino crew
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    since we have a lot of
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    seafarers working in different ships
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    cargo ships or tanker ships
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    in the blending of culture globalization
  • 00:10:09
    is evident
  • 00:10:10
    of course so i mentioned of the silk
  • 00:10:13
    road which is an
  • 00:10:14
    old route between china and the
  • 00:10:15
    mediterranean area
  • 00:10:17
    so they traded silk and other
  • 00:10:21
    products and along with that some ideas
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    and culture as well
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    christian missionaries from europe added
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    to the globalization of
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    christianity so this is how we became
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    christians in the first place
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    food is also one factor of globalization
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    so we get to experience
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    eastern or western cuisine
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    right here in our province so we get to
  • 00:10:48
    have a taste of korean food
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    of japanese or chinese food along with
  • 00:10:55
    italian food for example satellite
  • 00:10:58
    television allows
  • 00:11:00
    for one country for one country's tv
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    shows to be broadcasted in many other
  • 00:11:05
    countries so who is fond of
  • 00:11:07
    kdrama or a lot of tv series or
  • 00:11:11
    other foreign tv series
  • 00:11:14
    and globalization in technology of
  • 00:11:17
    course the internet is a major
  • 00:11:19
    driver of globalization
  • 00:11:23
    global news networks like cnn contribute
  • 00:11:26
    to the spread
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    of knowledge in a way that
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    is made faster
  • 00:11:33
    so before we get to search for these
  • 00:11:36
    information in books now we can
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    get these information with just a few
  • 00:11:43
    taps
  • 00:11:44
    in our smartphones or a few clicks in
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    our laptops using the internet of course
  • 00:11:54
    so of course if there are
  • 00:11:57
    a lot of people who are in favor of
  • 00:11:59
    globalization there are also a lot of
  • 00:12:01
    skeptics
  • 00:12:02
    actually we call them anti-globalization
  • 00:12:06
    so many anti-globalism activities see
  • 00:12:09
    globalization
  • 00:12:11
    as the promotion of a corporatist agenda
  • 00:12:15
    which is intent on constructing the
  • 00:12:17
    freedoms of
  • 00:12:18
    individuals in the name of profit and
  • 00:12:21
    they also claim that increasing autonomy
  • 00:12:23
    and
  • 00:12:24
    strength of corporate entities
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    increasingly shape the political policy
  • 00:12:29
    of nation states and
  • 00:12:32
    of course if there are against um
  • 00:12:34
    globalization they're
  • 00:12:36
    also pro globalization
  • 00:12:39
    so supporters of free trade for example
  • 00:12:44
    point out that economic theory such as
  • 00:12:47
    comparative advantage
  • 00:12:49
    suggests that free trade leads to a more
  • 00:12:51
    efficient allocation
  • 00:12:53
    of resources with all those involved in
  • 00:12:56
    the trade benefiting
  • 00:12:58
    in general they claim that this leads to
  • 00:13:01
    lower prices
  • 00:13:02
    more employment and better allocation of
  • 00:13:04
    resources of course
  • 00:13:06
    so the term globalism means
  • 00:13:10
    it is a widespread belief among powerful
  • 00:13:13
    people
  • 00:13:14
    that global integration of economic
  • 00:13:17
    markets
  • 00:13:18
    is beneficial to everyone since its
  • 00:13:22
    spreads freedom and democracy across
  • 00:13:27
    across the world
  • 00:13:32
    so of course there are so many heated
  • 00:13:34
    debates
  • 00:13:35
    about globalizat globalization and the
  • 00:13:38
    positive and negative
  • 00:13:40
    effects so while globalization is
  • 00:13:43
    thought of as the key by many
  • 00:13:47
    as having the potential to make
  • 00:13:49
    societies richer
  • 00:13:51
    through trade and to bring knowledge and
  • 00:13:53
    information to people around the world
  • 00:13:55
    there are also many others who perceive
  • 00:13:58
    globalization
  • 00:13:59
    as contributing to the exploitation of
  • 00:14:02
    the poor by the rich
  • 00:14:03
    as a threat to traditional cultures as
  • 00:14:06
    the process
  • 00:14:07
    of modernization changes society
  • 00:14:11
    so here let's look into the different
  • 00:14:14
    advantages
  • 00:14:15
    and disadvantages of globalization
  • 00:14:20
    so first and foremost there's peaceful
  • 00:14:23
    relations so most of the countries have
  • 00:14:26
    resorted to trade
  • 00:14:28
    relations with each other in order to
  • 00:14:31
    boost their economy
  • 00:14:32
    leaving behind any bitter past
  • 00:14:35
    experiences
  • 00:14:36
    if any and of course
  • 00:14:39
    another advantage is that of employment
  • 00:14:43
    considered as one of the most crucial
  • 00:14:47
    advantages
  • 00:14:48
    globalization has led to the generation
  • 00:14:51
    of numerous
  • 00:14:52
    employment opportunities companies are
  • 00:14:55
    moving towards
  • 00:14:56
    the developing countries to acquire
  • 00:14:59
    labor force you know of course that a
  • 00:15:02
    lot of filipinos are working as
  • 00:15:05
    ofw's or overseas filipino workers
  • 00:15:08
    and they are everywhere they're in the
  • 00:15:11
    middle east they are in
  • 00:15:13
    the land down under in australia
  • 00:15:17
    or in canada or in the us and in
  • 00:15:20
    europe they're just everywhere
  • 00:15:25
    another advantage of globalization is
  • 00:15:28
    that of
  • 00:15:28
    education with numerous educational
  • 00:15:32
    institutions around the world
  • 00:15:34
    one can move out from the home country
  • 00:15:36
    for better opportunities
  • 00:15:38
    elsewhere do you know that you can get
  • 00:15:40
    scholarships
  • 00:15:42
    and be an exchange student and gain your
  • 00:15:45
    diploma
  • 00:15:46
    in another country not right now of
  • 00:15:50
    course with this pandemic ongoing but
  • 00:15:54
    there are various scholarships that
  • 00:15:56
    allows one
  • 00:15:57
    to earn his or her education
  • 00:16:02
    in any country in
  • 00:16:06
    western countries so
  • 00:16:09
    another advantage of
  • 00:16:12
    globalization is that of product quality
  • 00:16:15
    so the product quality has been
  • 00:16:18
    enhanced so as to retain customers
  • 00:16:22
    today the customers are may compromise
  • 00:16:24
    with the price
  • 00:16:25
    range but not with the quality of
  • 00:16:28
    the products so companies strive to
  • 00:16:32
    make products that are of good quality
  • 00:16:35
    in order to retain their consumer
  • 00:16:39
    base
  • 00:16:42
    another advantage of globalization is on
  • 00:16:45
    cheaper prices of the products that we
  • 00:16:48
    use and consume so global globalization
  • 00:16:52
    has brought in fierce competition in the
  • 00:16:54
    market
  • 00:16:55
    that allowed companies to lower down
  • 00:16:58
    their the prices of their products to
  • 00:17:00
    make it more affordable to their
  • 00:17:02
    consumers so
  • 00:17:04
    communications as well the circulation
  • 00:17:06
    of new
  • 00:17:07
    of information is no longer a tedious
  • 00:17:10
    task
  • 00:17:10
    and can happen in seconds in real time
  • 00:17:14
    so the internet has significantly
  • 00:17:16
    affected the global economy
  • 00:17:18
    thereby providing direct access to
  • 00:17:21
    information
  • 00:17:22
    and products
  • 00:17:26
    another advantage is that of
  • 00:17:28
    transportation
  • 00:17:29
    so today with various modes of
  • 00:17:31
    transportation available
  • 00:17:33
    one can conveniently deliver the
  • 00:17:36
    products to a customer located at any
  • 00:17:38
    part of
  • 00:17:39
    the world so various airlines
  • 00:17:43
    make it possible to be in one country
  • 00:17:46
    in one continent in the morning and be
  • 00:17:49
    in another continent
  • 00:17:51
    in the afternoon or just a few hours
  • 00:17:54
    and be back to your home
  • 00:17:58
    at in the same day but of course
  • 00:18:01
    during the lockdown aircrafts were
  • 00:18:03
    grounded
  • 00:18:04
    and trouble travel were more restricted
  • 00:18:07
    so
  • 00:18:08
    as we slowly ease into the new normal so
  • 00:18:12
    hopefully things will get back
  • 00:18:15
    and now airlines are resuming slowly
  • 00:18:18
    resuming flights to
  • 00:18:20
    destinations that are granted permits
  • 00:18:24
    or um possible destinations
  • 00:18:29
    another advantage of globalization
  • 00:18:32
    is on gdp increase so
  • 00:18:35
    the gross domestic product which is
  • 00:18:37
    commonly known as gdp
  • 00:18:40
    is the money value of the final goods
  • 00:18:43
    and services
  • 00:18:44
    produced within the domestic country or
  • 00:18:46
    territory of the country
  • 00:18:48
    during the accounting year
  • 00:18:53
    free trade that's another advantage of
  • 00:18:56
    globalization
  • 00:18:58
    this is a policy in which a country does
  • 00:19:01
    not levy taxes
  • 00:19:03
    or on the import or export of goods or
  • 00:19:06
    services
  • 00:19:07
    from other countries so there are
  • 00:19:09
    countries which have resolved
  • 00:19:11
    to free trade in specific regions this
  • 00:19:14
    allows consumers to buy goods and
  • 00:19:16
    services
  • 00:19:17
    comparatively at a lower cost of course
  • 00:19:21
    so that's another advantage
  • 00:19:23
    of globalization
  • 00:19:26
    on travel and tourism tourism of course
  • 00:19:30
    is one of the top
  • 00:19:31
    industries around the world and a lot of
  • 00:19:34
    filipinos are employed
  • 00:19:36
    in various areas of the tourism industry
  • 00:19:41
    sadly though this is one of the most
  • 00:19:43
    affected industries
  • 00:19:45
    during the pandemic during the lockdowns
  • 00:19:49
    but then again hopefully um we are
  • 00:19:52
    slowly easing into the new normal
  • 00:19:55
    and hopefully um
  • 00:19:59
    travel to different tourist destinations
  • 00:20:02
    will um slowly resume
  • 00:20:06
    another advantage of globalization is on
  • 00:20:09
    external
  • 00:20:10
    borrowing with the help of globalization
  • 00:20:13
    there is opportunity for
  • 00:20:15
    corporate national and sub-national
  • 00:20:18
    borrowers to have better access to
  • 00:20:20
    external
  • 00:20:21
    finance with facilities such as
  • 00:20:25
    external commercial borrowing and
  • 00:20:28
    syndicated loans
  • 00:20:33
    so if there are advantages to
  • 00:20:35
    globalization of course there are also
  • 00:20:37
    disadvantages to globalization so can
  • 00:20:40
    you think of
  • 00:20:41
    any disadvantages to globalization
  • 00:20:45
    first and foremost of course there's the
  • 00:20:47
    health issues so globalization has given
  • 00:20:49
    rise to more
  • 00:20:51
    health risks and presents new threats
  • 00:20:54
    and challenges for
  • 00:20:55
    epidemics so the dawn of hiv aids
  • 00:21:00
    having its origin in the wilderness of
  • 00:21:02
    africa
  • 00:21:03
    the virus has spread like wildfire
  • 00:21:06
    throughout the globe in no time
  • 00:21:08
    so the same thing with the covet 19
  • 00:21:11
    pandemic
  • 00:21:13
    for from something that is just
  • 00:21:14
    concentrated in
  • 00:21:16
    in a small place in wuhan china now it's
  • 00:21:19
    everywhere because of faster means of
  • 00:21:23
    communication
  • 00:21:24
    a faster means of travel the coveted 19
  • 00:21:28
    has also spread throughout the world in
  • 00:21:30
    no
  • 00:21:31
    time at all and of course affecting
  • 00:21:33
    everybody
  • 00:21:34
    economically um yeah people losing jobs
  • 00:21:39
    and industries coming to a standstill
  • 00:21:42
    because of this
  • 00:21:44
    pandemic so this is one of the many
  • 00:21:47
    disadvantages of globalization
  • 00:21:51
    second is on the loss of culture so
  • 00:21:54
    with a large number of people moving
  • 00:21:56
    into and out of a country
  • 00:21:58
    people may the culture takes a back seat
  • 00:22:01
    and people
  • 00:22:02
    may adapt the culture of the resident
  • 00:22:05
    country
  • 00:22:06
    and they tend to follow the foreign
  • 00:22:09
    culture more
  • 00:22:10
    and forgetting their own roots then this
  • 00:22:13
    can give rise to
  • 00:22:14
    cultural conflicts
  • 00:22:17
    another one is on an even
  • 00:22:20
    wealth distribution it is said that the
  • 00:22:23
    rich are getting richer
  • 00:22:25
    while the poor are getting poorer
  • 00:22:29
    so in the real sense globalization has
  • 00:22:32
    not
  • 00:22:32
    really reduced
  • 00:22:35
    poverty
  • 00:22:38
    another disadvantage of globalization of
  • 00:22:42
    course
  • 00:22:42
    is on the environmental degradation this
  • 00:22:46
    is of course a global
  • 00:22:48
    issue that we should all be concerned
  • 00:22:51
    about
  • 00:22:52
    we have all experienced natural
  • 00:22:55
    disasters
  • 00:22:56
    and climate change because of man's
  • 00:22:59
    neglect on
  • 00:23:00
    our natural environment and for the sake
  • 00:23:04
    all for the sake of economic progress so
  • 00:23:09
    we must all adapt the concept of
  • 00:23:12
    sustainable development that will be one
  • 00:23:14
    of our lessons here in the contemporary
  • 00:23:17
    world course another disadvantage is
  • 00:23:20
    on the disparity so through
  • 00:23:22
    globalization
  • 00:23:24
    though globalization has opened new
  • 00:23:26
    avenues like
  • 00:23:27
    wider markets unemployment there still
  • 00:23:31
    exists
  • 00:23:31
    a disparity in the development of
  • 00:23:34
    economies
  • 00:23:35
    so um structural unemployment also the
  • 00:23:39
    disparity
  • 00:23:40
    created so some countries gain
  • 00:23:44
    advantage or considerable advantage like
  • 00:23:47
    china of course while there are also
  • 00:23:50
    countries
  • 00:23:52
    who are suffering more than they are
  • 00:23:54
    benefiting from
  • 00:23:55
    globalization so this is true to some
  • 00:23:58
    sub-saharan
  • 00:24:00
    countries another disadvantage
  • 00:24:04
    is on conflict so it has given rise to
  • 00:24:08
    terrorism and other forms
  • 00:24:10
    of violence so such acts not only cause
  • 00:24:14
    loss of human life but also huge
  • 00:24:17
    economic
  • 00:24:18
    losses we will know later on in our
  • 00:24:20
    lesson on global cities
  • 00:24:22
    how terrorism or how global cities
  • 00:24:26
    have always been a target for
  • 00:24:30
    um terrorists and another disadvantage
  • 00:24:34
    to globalization is
  • 00:24:35
    on cutthroat competitions so opening the
  • 00:24:38
    doors
  • 00:24:39
    of international trade has given birth
  • 00:24:42
    to
  • 00:24:42
    intense competition so this has affected
  • 00:24:46
    the local markets dramatically
  • 00:24:48
    the local players there thereby suffer
  • 00:24:51
    huge
  • 00:24:52
    losses as they lack the potential to
  • 00:24:55
    advertise or export their products
  • 00:24:58
    on a large scale therefore
  • 00:25:01
    the domestic market shrink
  • 00:25:04
    so those are among the disadvantages of
  • 00:25:09
    globalization so we have here arjun
  • 00:25:12
    apadurai
  • 00:25:14
    who is a cultural theorist and
  • 00:25:17
    anthropologist so
  • 00:25:18
    he is the person who came up with
  • 00:25:20
    escapes theory
  • 00:25:22
    he was born in india in 1949
  • 00:25:25
    and he is professor at the university of
  • 00:25:28
    chicago
  • 00:25:29
    and his publications include modernity
  • 00:25:32
    at large
  • 00:25:33
    cultural dimensions of globalization
  • 00:25:36
    and this juncture and difference in the
  • 00:25:39
    global
  • 00:25:40
    cultural economy
  • 00:25:43
    so according to
  • 00:25:47
    arjun apadurai the anthropologist so
  • 00:25:50
    there
  • 00:25:50
    different kinds of globalization occur
  • 00:25:53
    on
  • 00:25:54
    multiple and intersecting dimensions of
  • 00:25:56
    integration that he
  • 00:25:58
    call escapes so there is ethnoscape
  • 00:26:01
    which refers to the move
  • 00:26:03
    global movement of people there is
  • 00:26:05
    mediascape
  • 00:26:07
    which is all about the flow of culture a
  • 00:26:11
    technoscape which refers to the
  • 00:26:13
    circulation
  • 00:26:13
    of mechanical goods and software while
  • 00:26:18
    financescape denotes the global
  • 00:26:21
    circulation of money
  • 00:26:23
    and idioscape is the realm
  • 00:26:26
    where political ideas
  • 00:26:30
    move around so for example
  • 00:26:34
    in ethnoscape according to apadurai
  • 00:26:37
    tourists immigrants refugees exiles
  • 00:26:41
    guest workers and other moving groups
  • 00:26:44
    and
  • 00:26:44
    persons appear to affect the politics
  • 00:26:48
    of in between nations to a hithert
  • 00:26:53
    degree in technoscape
  • 00:26:56
    technologies themselves are drivers of
  • 00:26:59
    globalization so technologies like
  • 00:27:02
    the internet are helping facilitate the
  • 00:27:04
    rapid movement of people
  • 00:27:06
    and goods across borders at faster and
  • 00:27:09
    faster rates
  • 00:27:11
    finance cape visa and mastercard are
  • 00:27:15
    almost
  • 00:27:15
    everywhere these days enabling us to use
  • 00:27:18
    our money globally
  • 00:27:20
    so most credit cards will work in most
  • 00:27:23
    countries around the world
  • 00:27:24
    making it easier to spend globally
  • 00:27:29
    in mediascape apadora wrote of the power
  • 00:27:32
    of
  • 00:27:32
    international media to send news
  • 00:27:35
    information across the
  • 00:27:37
    globe at the rapid rate so blogging
  • 00:27:40
    and vlogging for example allows for
  • 00:27:43
    sharing of
  • 00:27:44
    information in a way that used to be
  • 00:27:46
    just found in books before
  • 00:27:48
    people consume media instantaneously
  • 00:27:51
    using twitter and other social media
  • 00:27:53
    platforms
  • 00:27:55
    egoscape on the other hand refers to the
  • 00:27:57
    ideas
  • 00:27:58
    symbols and narratives that have spread
  • 00:28:01
    around
  • 00:28:02
    the globe so those are the five escapes
  • 00:28:06
    according to arjun apadurai so again he
  • 00:28:11
    is theorists and anthropologists
  • 00:28:14
    so those are his five scapes of
  • 00:28:18
    globalization so my dear students
  • 00:28:22
    globalization is a reality and there is
  • 00:28:25
    no stopping
  • 00:28:26
    it it has been here for a long while and
  • 00:28:30
    we should expect it to continue
  • 00:28:32
    in the future my question is are you
  • 00:28:35
    ready are you ready for a highly
  • 00:28:38
    globalized world
  • 00:28:40
    are you ready to be a global citizen of
  • 00:28:43
    the world
  • 00:28:44
    do you speak the global language do you
  • 00:28:46
    have the skills that will make yourself
  • 00:28:49
    economically marketable to companies
  • 00:28:53
    my advice be ready or be left
  • 00:28:56
    behind so that's our first lesson on the
  • 00:29:00
    contemporary world series
  • 00:29:02
    so for more lecture videos please do
  • 00:29:05
    subscribe to this channel
  • 00:29:24
    so
  • 00:29:32
    you
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