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the life of human beings
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is closely bound up with their
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circumstances
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with science and technology advances we
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have been well accustomed to using
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computer system to obtain the latest
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weather information
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search for recommended restaurant
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describe the current position
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or even plain travel route prior to
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selection of a destination
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which we can reach smoothly by access to
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spatial information
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even it is unfamiliar to this nowadays
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convenient portable devices and
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ubiquitous internet can offer easy
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access to all the contents
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that were scattered in books magazines
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and maps previously and display them in
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an integrated way
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thus improving the quality of our life
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significance
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we have to own such conveniences to
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technological developments of geographic
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information system
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gis over the past 30 years
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gis involved the theories and technology
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to collect manage process analyze
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distribute and apply digital special
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data with computers
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to build a simply phenomenal in a real
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world are stored and
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integrated into a computer system in the
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format of digital special information
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inconvenient tools are developed so that
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users can
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understand conditions of the real world
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for optimal decision making
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through the system interface
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for users the richer gis contents are
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the more services it will provide for
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example
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remote sensing images may display the
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overall condition
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of a local area by overlaying land-use
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data onto remote sensing images
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we can analyze the relationship between
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land use and its corresponding
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situations in real world
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by filler and score data you can
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evaluate a neighboring environments near
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the schools
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gis can be easily integrated with data
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from different fields
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it generates new information in response
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to various needs and creates various
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applications to enrich our life
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in present days application software app
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in our mobile phones often requires
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different information
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from others through connection and
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develops value-added function
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for instance a map overlaid of the
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rainfall
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data from the material logical bureau
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will present the condition
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of the rainfall in various areas as long
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as related resources are available
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apps can be developed in response to
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specific requirements
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and users may gain access to abundant
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functions with several simple operations
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therefore needs for spatial data are
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also
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increasing
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due to the progress in digitalization
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the volumes of data in various fields
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are accumulating quickly at an
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unprecedented speed
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according to statistics the volume of
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data doubles
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every year and it is estimated that 80
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percent of them are geographic related
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how to take four advantages of the
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available data for a better future
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will be a challenge that confronts us
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sharing is a common behavior in the
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internet world
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and we can obtain the shared information
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from the others
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and use it into our own apps the
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greatest advantage of
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sharing is that we can fulfill our tasks
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and decisions more quickly without
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repeating the same work
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the information from experts has higher
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credibility and helps to make up for
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users lack of perceptions
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for example when there are many
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restaurants in an area
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but we want to find a better one we may
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go to search websites and browse the
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food and beverage service information
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shared by the food expert so as to
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reduce the possibility
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of making mistakes in selections in the
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future
00:04:45
we will be confronted not only with the
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environment where data volumes increase
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quickly
00:04:51
but also with the challenge of utilizing
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the resources available properly
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similar to sharing of food information
00:05:01
application of digital special
00:05:03
information also faces the same
00:05:05
challenge
00:05:06
when we need special data if
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professional units can continuously
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provide various kinds of special data
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which
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are credible enough it will be extremely
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helpful to user's decision
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the acquisition and the production of
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geospatial data is not an easy task it
00:05:24
not only requires high professional
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skills
00:05:26
but also demands a lot of investments if
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the data must be updated continuously
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the cost will be considerable
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to realize such shared environments
00:05:38
careful planning and reliable mechanisms
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are necessary to meet the needs of all
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participants for application
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the concept of special data
00:05:50
infrastructure
00:05:51
sdi is to promote sharing integration
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and application of digital spatial
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resources
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among various producers from policy
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standard
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and technological perspectives
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in the simple word different type of
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spatial resources come from different
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units but they may be integrated
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effectively through
00:06:15
sdi development so that users can easily
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obtain and apply the shared resources
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through detailed analysis of the scop
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estate
00:06:25
sdi assigns proper text to the concerned
00:06:28
participants
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and settles the bridge between resource
00:06:32
providers and users
00:06:33
for mutual exchange and better sharing
00:06:39
sdi may be classified on the basis of
00:06:42
the scope for sharing
00:06:44
it is referred to as national special
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data infrastructure
00:06:48
and sdi it is shared by a nation under
00:06:52
its scope
00:06:52
and will be known as regional special
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data infrastructure
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rsdi when is shared by a region
00:06:59
such as european unions inspire which is
00:07:02
a mechanism for spatial resource sharing
00:07:05
among the eu member states
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if sdi is accessible to the group it
00:07:12
will be
00:07:13
referred to global spatial data
00:07:15
infrastructure
00:07:16
gsdi and currently the gsdi
00:07:21
association has been established to
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promote
00:07:24
affairs related to geospatial
00:07:26
information sharing in the globe
00:07:31
similar to experiences in using gis
00:07:34
users certainly expect to use the
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special resources that are scattered in
00:07:39
different places
00:07:40
in the sdi context the considerations
00:07:44
include first diversification of data to
00:07:48
meet the needs of users from different
00:07:50
fields second
00:07:53
accuracy of data since inaccurate data
00:07:56
will lead to wrong decisions
00:07:58
and result in irrevocable effects
00:08:02
third timeliness of data as many
00:08:05
applications must respond to quick
00:08:07
changes and inability to get the
00:08:09
information on the real world in a
00:08:11
timely manner
00:08:12
will have a negative impact on decision
00:08:15
making
00:08:16
diversification accuracy and tampons
00:08:20
are important considerations for sdi
00:08:24
in promoting resource sharing among
00:08:26
different fields
00:08:35
since data comes from different
00:08:36
providers in different formats
00:08:39
and designs proper and integrative
00:08:41
application
00:08:42
possess a big challenge and we must rely
00:08:45
on development
00:08:47
of standards and technology to remove
00:08:49
the barriers against data distribution
00:08:52
for example when we want to replace a
00:08:55
battery in an electric device
00:08:57
no matter who manufactures the battery
00:09:00
it can be installed for sure
00:09:02
as long as it is of the same model even
00:09:05
if the maker of the electric device has
00:09:07
nothing to do with the battery
00:09:09
manufacturer
00:09:11
installation is never a problem chiefly
00:09:13
because design and production of the
00:09:16
electric device and battery must comply
00:09:18
with the battery size
00:09:20
standards if there is no standard
00:09:23
we may have to spend a lot of time in
00:09:25
looking for a battery of proper
00:09:27
specifications
00:09:29
obviously formulation of standards makes
00:09:33
technological developments in all
00:09:35
relevant fields become
00:09:36
purer and simpler
00:09:43
international travel is often
00:09:44
accompanied by photographing and
00:09:46
shopping
00:09:47
we all know that we must first inquire
00:09:49
about the specifications of the socket
00:09:52
by the country to which we will travel
00:09:54
in case we cannot recharge camera
00:09:56
batteries
00:09:59
this is because socket specifications
00:10:01
are not standardized in different
00:10:03
countries and we must get different
00:10:05
plugs to correspond to different socket
00:10:07
specifications
00:10:10
compared to it we are not worried about
00:10:12
using credit cards in foreign swipe
00:10:14
machines
00:10:15
because our credit cards are met
00:10:17
according to the same international
00:10:18
standard
00:10:22
as long as shops are willing to accept
00:10:24
credit cards
00:10:25
nowhere may we have any problem in
00:10:27
swiping credit cards
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standards allows overall development to
00:10:31
be promoted
00:10:32
towards a uniform structure and avoid
00:10:34
the cases where everyone acts in his own
00:10:37
way without mutual communication
00:10:44
application of standards is seen
00:10:46
everywhere in information field
00:10:49
for example we can use the browser of
00:10:52
any company to open
00:10:53
html best web pages developed by
00:10:56
different units
00:11:00
even though there's no substantial
00:11:01
relation between the web page designer
00:11:04
with publishing software developer
00:11:06
browser software developer and users
00:11:11
this is because html is a commonly
00:11:14
accepted technical standard
00:11:16
and operations can be fulfilled
00:11:18
successfully as long as different
00:11:20
role-playing members complete their work
00:11:22
according to their assignments in the
00:11:24
application
00:11:27
formulation of html standards allows
00:11:30
members to communicate with each other
00:11:32
without contact
00:11:36
instead the structures that do not
00:11:38
comply with standards often require
00:11:40
users to adopt specific software
00:11:43
thus creating barriers against sharing
00:11:45
an application inevitably
00:11:51
the rapid growth of gis market is
00:11:54
supported by various data formats and
00:11:56
software technology from different gis
00:11:59
vendors though the use of single gis
00:12:03
software is often easy
00:12:05
problems may occur when heterogeneous
00:12:07
data from different
00:12:08
resources are integrated in users
00:12:11
applications
00:12:13
for example data cannot be opened
00:12:16
contents cannot be rate or data requires
00:12:19
special processing
00:12:20
etc all present an obstacle to promotion
00:12:25
of sdi
00:12:28
iso tc211 and opengl special consortium
00:12:33
began to work on technical formulation
00:12:35
and development of geographic
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information
00:12:38
standards since 1994.
00:12:42
isil established its iso 19100 series of
00:12:47
geographic
00:12:47
information standards which are widely
00:12:50
accepted by countries in the world as a
00:12:53
common standard for
00:12:54
nsdi a specific organization supported
00:12:58
by industry
00:12:59
organizations and academic units ogc
00:13:02
focuses on development of software
00:13:05
technology
00:13:06
and standard documents and devotes
00:13:08
itself to practical applications and
00:13:10
technical specifications
00:13:14
the key to gis technologies developed by
00:13:17
iso tc211 and lgc is openness
00:13:22
unlike past software development that
00:13:24
highlights self-formulated formats with
00:13:26
difficulty in interpretation by other
00:13:28
software
00:13:30
open structures record data in an open
00:13:33
structure
00:13:34
like xml and meets the needs for
00:13:36
communication among different
00:13:38
application systems through services
00:13:41
these two developments make it
00:13:43
unnecessary to use specific commercial
00:13:45
software as a channel of distribution
00:13:48
between providers and users anymore
00:13:52
a removal of the threshold for using
00:13:54
specific software
00:13:56
helps promote distribution and
00:13:58
application of different data
00:14:02
suppose that the provider and user
00:14:04
utilizes software a and software b
00:14:07
respectively
00:14:08
the user has to evaluate if software b
00:14:11
can read the format of software a
00:14:14
correctly
00:14:16
if not software b cannot utilize the
00:14:18
data of software a
00:14:20
in urgent cases there are conversions
00:14:23
required and we must ensure
00:14:25
that all contents can be converted
00:14:27
correctly
00:14:28
for the open approach data must be
00:14:30
converted to open data formats according
00:14:32
to the selected standards
00:14:35
software b can read data correctly as
00:14:38
long as
00:14:39
it supports the selected standard if
00:14:41
there are other software c and
00:14:44
d it is not necessary for data providers
00:14:46
to conduct
00:14:47
any additional operations as long as the
00:14:50
software all supports select is standard
00:14:53
the distributed data can be easily
00:14:55
distributed and used
00:14:57
a new structure of data distribution and
00:15:00
integrated application is built on the
00:15:02
basis of this standardization concept
00:15:12
to transfer of wave contents via html
00:15:16
the strategy of sdi is resource
00:15:19
providers distribute data and service in
00:15:21
standardized ways
00:15:23
and users assess desired geospatial
00:15:25
resources also in standardized way
00:15:29
as technical standards have been issued
00:15:31
by iso tc211 and ogc
00:15:37
these standards may be followed in data
00:15:39
production and software development to
00:15:41
build an easier model of distribution
00:15:44
and application wms
00:15:48
wfs gml and kml are all technical
00:15:52
standards develop on the basis of this
00:15:55
concept
00:15:58
after your special data are distributed
00:16:01
with standard techniques
00:16:03
whether users can interpret the acquired
00:16:05
data correctly is certainly an
00:16:07
important consideration the open
00:16:10
structure and contents of distributed
00:16:12
data following data standards
00:16:14
or specifications suffers a bridge of
00:16:17
communication between providers and
00:16:20
users
00:16:23
for similar data even though they come
00:16:25
from different providers
00:16:28
users still can interpret them only by
00:16:31
following the above data standards
00:16:33
and users can integrate and apply all
00:16:36
data correctly as long as they
00:16:38
understand data standards in all fields
00:16:44
a big challenge in promoting sdi is to
00:16:47
gain access to your special resources
00:16:49
together in human resource market it's
00:16:52
like
00:16:52
roles of job seekers and firms in human
00:16:55
resource markets
00:16:56
job seekers must provide resumes of
00:16:59
their own
00:16:59
where firms can go over and check
00:17:02
resumes of
00:17:03
all job seekers to select the most
00:17:05
appropriate candidates
00:17:08
similarly audio special resources are
00:17:11
required to give metadata the surface
00:17:14
resumes of the geospatial resources to
00:17:16
describe their features under
00:17:18
standardized items
00:17:21
in this way sdi resources can be
00:17:24
completely controlled and supplied to
00:17:26
users for inquiry and check
00:17:30
in taiwan the government supported nsdi
00:17:33
national geographic information system
00:17:36
began to establish its standardization
00:17:38
framework
00:17:39
based on iso tc211 and lgc standards in
00:17:43
2004.
00:17:44
as of 2012 20 data standards have been
00:17:48
approved to facilitate the sharing of
00:17:50
your special resources among different
00:17:52
units using opengis technology users can
00:18:00
thus enjoy the convenience for easily
00:18:03
assessing and integrating desired your
00:18:05
special data for their demand specific
00:18:07
applications to help users to search and
00:18:11
understand
00:18:12
available geo resources in ngis
00:18:15
a nation-level metadata profile taiwan
00:18:18
spatial metadata profilers also
00:18:20
developed
00:18:22
combined with the iso 19115 metadata
00:18:26
standard
00:18:27
twsmb provides a standardized way for
00:18:30
recording and encoding metadata
00:18:33
metadata established by various domains
00:18:36
are then collected
00:18:37
and managed by common gateway system
00:18:42
a nation level your special data sharing
00:18:45
mechanism
00:18:46
tavern your special portal t goes is
00:18:49
developed to enable users to easily
00:18:51
specify
00:18:52
constraints and search for dual
00:18:54
resources that meets their particular
00:18:56
application demand
00:19:10
sdi is an important step towards sharing
00:19:13
an integrated application of geospatial
00:19:15
data in different fields
00:19:17
its successful operations are challenged
00:19:20
by many obstacles
00:19:22
for example different commercial
00:19:24
software formats
00:19:26
different software technologies
00:19:28
partnership among various organizations
00:19:31
etc challenges at an administrative
00:19:35
technical and data labels require a new
00:19:38
thinking on the roles and
00:19:39
responsibilities of
00:19:40
all participating members from an sdi
00:19:43
perspective
00:19:44
standard techniques establish a
00:19:46
mechanism that is neutral to commercial
00:19:48
software and widely applicable to
00:19:51
various kinds of members
00:19:52
and this advantage can be utilized
00:19:55
properly to promote distribution and
00:19:57
integrate the application of different
00:19:59
data
00:20:01
however all members must work together
00:20:04
and give a buyers to give full play to
00:20:06
the gis benefits
00:20:08
and achieve objectives for sdi
00:20:22
you
