How Does Tesla's Autopilot Work?

00:08:55
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECmG0nNJE98

Résumé

TLDRLe système Autopilot de Tesla utilise une combinaison de caméras, de radar et de capteurs pour détecter son environnement et prendre des décisions de conduite. Bien que Tesla ait fait des progrès significatifs vers l'automatisation de la conduite, le système en est encore au niveau 2, où la supervision humaine est nécessaire en permanence. Elon Musk défend l'approche de Tesla contre le LiDAR, préférant un système basé sur le radar. Les données globales des véhicules Tesla sont utilisées pour affiner l'algorithme, bien que les inquiétudes en matière de sécurité persistent avec quelques tragédies notables liées à l'utilisation de cette technologie. Malgré son sophistication, l'Autopilot n'atteint pas encore la conduite entièrement autonome.

A retenir

  • 🚗 **Autopilot de Tesla** : un système avancé mais encore limité.
  • 📸 **Capteurs multiples** : utilisation de caméras, radar et ultrasons.
  • ⚖️ **Régulation** : les conducteurs doivent rester attentifs en permanence.
  • 💡 **Apprentissage** : collecte de données à partir de la flotte pour améliorer les algorithmes.
  • 🔄 **Mode d'ombre** : teste les scénarios autonomes sans exécution réelle.
  • 🤖 **Pas encore autonome** : Tesla est au niveau 2 d'automatisation de la conduite.
  • 🛡️ **Sécurité** : des accidents notables soulignent les limites de la technologie.
  • 📊 **Évaluation comparative** : Autopilot est souvent plus sûr que les conducteurs humains.
  • 🔍 **Critique du lidar** : Musk rejette cette technologie pour la conduite autonome.
  • 🌍 **Données partagées** : chaque Tesla contribue à un meilleur modèle de conduite.

Chronologie

  • 00:00:00 - 00:08:55

    Le discours aborde les limitations actuelles de la technologie de conduite autonome de Tesla, mise en avant par Elon Musk mais qui n'a pas encore complètement rempli ses promesses. Malgré cela, le système autopilot est présenté comme une réalisation technique impressionnante, capable de détecter divers dangers et d'interagir avec son environnement grâce à un réseau complexe de capteurs. L'analyse de la perception des images, la fusion de plusieurs sources d données sensorielles et une puissante unité de traitement sont des facteurs cruciaux dans la sécurité et l'efficacité du système de conduite. Cependant, malgré ses capacités, le véhicule nécessite encore une intervention humaine constante, illustrant qu'il est loin d'atteindre le niveau 5 d'autonomie.

Carte mentale

Vidéo Q&R

  • Qu'est-ce que la fonction Autopilot de Tesla?

    C'est un système d'assistance à la conduite basé sur des capteurs et de l'intelligence artificielle.

  • Comment Tesla détecte-t-il les obstacles?

    Grâce à une combinaison de caméras, de radar et de capteurs ultrasoniques.

  • Quelle est la limite d'autonomie actuelle des véhicules Tesla?

    Tesla est actuellement au niveau 2 d'automatisation, où le conducteur doit toujours rester vigilant.

  • Tesla utilise-t-il du LiDAR pour son Autopilot?

    Non, Tesla préfère utiliser le radar, bien qu'il soit en désaccord avec d'autres entreprises qui utilisent le LiDAR.

  • Quelles fonctionnalités l'Autopilot propose-t-il?

    Des accidents tragiques se sont produits, ce qui soulève des préoccupations sur la sûreté de l'automatisation.

  • Comment Tesla améliore-t-il son algorithme de conduite?

    En collectant des données de tous les véhicules Tesla sur la route.

  • Qu'est-ce que le mode d'ombre de Tesla?

    Un mode où la voiture simule la conduite autonome pour améliorer l'algorithme.

  • L'Autopilot est-il meilleur qu'un conducteur humain?

    Cela dépend, mais en général, il ne se fatigue pas, ne conduit pas ivre et affiche une certaine supériorité dans certaines situations.

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  • 00:00:02
    even the most ardent elon musk
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    stan will admit their lord and savior
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    hasn't exactly delivered on his promise
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    of properly autonomous self-driving
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    vehicles
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    yet anyway tesla's flamboyant ceo has
  • 00:00:13
    repeatedly suggested we'd be there by
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    now
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    and frankly we aren't but the so-called
  • 00:00:17
    autopilot feature available on all
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    modern teslas is quite a marvelous feat
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    of engineering nonetheless
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    what enables it to detect hazards up
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    ahead how does it then go about making
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    sense of that information is it better
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    at driving than human beings
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    join us today as we pop the metaphorical
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    hood and take a peek into how autopilot
  • 00:00:34
    actually works for an eye-opening
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    introduction to just how sophisticated
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    tesla's driving algorithm has become of
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    late
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    take a look at this video released back
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    in january 2020. merging
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    input from an array of smart sensory
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    devices the car's onboard computer is
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    clearly capable of identifying and
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    tracking its fellow vehicles on the road
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    in real time not only that
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    it's able to differentiate between an
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    impressive range of other potential
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    hazards besides
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    everything from lane lines and painted
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    arrows to crossings stop signs
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    trash cans the incline of the road up
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    ahead and even
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    random puddles are all noted and
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    addressed at least as quickly
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    crucially as a human being could spot
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    these things so how does it do it
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    at the most basic level visual feedback
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    is fed into the system via tesla's eight
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    on-board cameras
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    three of these are mounted on the
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    windscreen each slightly different from
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    the other and suitable for very
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    different ranges
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    the car's main front-facing camera is
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    calibrated for visual recognition
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    up to 150 meters there's also a wide
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    angled camera that can see more broadly
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    up to a range of 60 meters and a narrow
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    field camera which peers into the
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    distance as far away as 250 meters
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    in addition there's four more regular
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    cameras mounted on each side of the
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    vehicle
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    two are slotted rear wood and another
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    two are angled forward for merging and
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    maneuvering into tight spots
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    and finally there's a rear camera which
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    itself boasts a range of up to 50 meters
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    used both as a run-of-the-mill parking
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    camera and another data source feeding
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    crucial situational data back to the
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    central computer
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    these cameras whose visual fields
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    overlap providing the necessary
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    redundancy which is a cornerstone of
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    tesla's safe design philosophy
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    are only part of the picture a
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    front-facing radar that detects objects
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    up to 160 meters away by bouncing
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    radio waves off of them is a key
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    component in the sensor array it's
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    reported that tesla is currently
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    planning to integrate a radar with twice
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    that range into its newer models with
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    slicker processing capacity
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    courtesy of cutting edge radar design by
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    israeli tech startup arbor robotics
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    tesla's fondness for radar is actually a
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    controversial topic within the fledgling
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    autonomous car industry
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    most other companies working to bring
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    similar vehicles to market think ford gm
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    or waymo prefers so-called lidar which
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    is similar to radar except it bounces
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    light off of objects in order to
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    ascertain their distance and form at
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    tesla's autonomy day last year
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    elon musk offered this scathing critique
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    of lidar technology
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    lidar is a fool's errand he informed a
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    wrapped crowd anyone relying on lidar is
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    doomed they are expensive sensors that
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    are unnecessary as rand continued it's
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    like having a whole bunch of expensive
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    appendices
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    like one appendix is bad well now you
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    have a whole bunch of them
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    it's ridiculous you'll see although
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    lidar's prohibitively high cost was one
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    reason why radar was preferred by tesla
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    early on musk doubled down on his
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    loathing for the medium in october even
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    as the price of lidar started to fall
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    even if lidar was free
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    we wouldn't put it on he thundered not
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    least because lidar is notoriously
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    unreliable in rainy or dusty conditions
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    teslas are also fitted with 12 small
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    dots situated around the car
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    each of which provides essential
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    short-range sensory input
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    up to about eight meters through the
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    magic of ultrasound
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    this medium provides tesla with what has
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    been described as a protective cocoon
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    around the vehicle
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    enabling it to detect when an object a
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    crash barrier say or a dog
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    is getting too close for comfort working
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    together in concert
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    this imaginative fusion of conventional
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    cameras sophisticated radar and 360
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    degree ultrasound
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    help tesla stay finally attuned to their
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    surroundings add that to the car's ultra
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    precise gps
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    tracking and world-class mapping systems
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    and you have a vehicle that's
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    substantially smarter than most human
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    beings at assessing where it is
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    and what's going on out there on the
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    mean streets of course when it comes to
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    safe motoring
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    sensory input is only part of the story
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    so how is all that lovely data organized
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    and processed with his characteristic
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    knack for modest understatement
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    elon musk has described the new
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    processor at the beating heart of his
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    iconic car as the best chip in the world
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    tesla's so-called full self-driving chip
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    shipped in all new models
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    is a 260 square millimeter chunk of
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    prime samsung silicon
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    boasting no fewer than six billion
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    transistors each chip
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    there's two aboard again ensuring that
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    all important redundancy
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    is capable of performing some 26
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    trillion operations a second
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    this means it can respond in real time
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    to any of the multi-various hazards
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    brought to its attention from that smart
  • 00:04:45
    sensory array we talked about just now
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    there's more alongside the humdrum
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    pre-programmed aspects of tesla's
  • 00:04:51
    driving algorithm
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    speed limits stop signs and the like the
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    car's silicon brain
  • 00:04:55
    also has the ability to learn and learn
  • 00:04:57
    it most certainly does
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    not only from its own native experience
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    fed by those sensors
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    but from data harvested across the
  • 00:05:04
    entire global fleet of teslas
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    and their own sensor arrays every single
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    tesla on the road
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    and the company manufactured half a
  • 00:05:11
    million of them in 2020 alone
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    collects detailed information on its
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    environment and feeds it back to hq
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    for other motorists to subconsciously
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    make use of despite this system's
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    obvious brilliance it has upset
  • 00:05:22
    some who were reportedly suspicious of
  • 00:05:24
    tesla's so-called shadow mode their beef
  • 00:05:26
    is the fact their pricey new model when
  • 00:05:28
    in shadow mode
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    essentially pretends to be an autonomous
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    vehicle as in it makes but never
  • 00:05:33
    executes
  • 00:05:34
    a driving plan based on the data
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    available to it and reports back to hq
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    whenever its plan deviates from that of
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    the real flesh and blood driver
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    this is of course designed to refine and
  • 00:05:43
    improve the algorithm and fulfill
  • 00:05:44
    elon musk's dream of deploying autonomy
  • 00:05:46
    at scale still it bugs people from a
  • 00:05:48
    privacy point of view and perhaps they
  • 00:05:50
    have a point so how autonomous
  • 00:05:52
    actually are the latest teslas they're
  • 00:05:53
    shipped with all the hardware elon musk
  • 00:05:55
    reckons is necessary for achieving the
  • 00:05:57
    self-driving dream but for now the
  • 00:05:59
    furthest towards that ambition these
  • 00:06:00
    cars actually get
  • 00:06:01
    is tesla's so-called autopilot mode the
  • 00:06:04
    newest enhanced bells and whistles
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    autopilot mode which tesla drivers can
  • 00:06:08
    order over the air for apprenticely
  • 00:06:10
    eight thousand dollars as an optional
  • 00:06:11
    extra
  • 00:06:12
    offers dynamic traffic aware cruise
  • 00:06:14
    control customers can also get automatic
  • 00:06:16
    lane changing for their spend which can
  • 00:06:17
    respond to either sat nav route plans or
  • 00:06:20
    an impulsive manual flick of the turn
  • 00:06:21
    signal
  • 00:06:22
    owners also get the fun ultimate
  • 00:06:23
    bragging rights feature of smart summon
  • 00:06:25
    however all these come with caveats
  • 00:06:28
    smart summon which in theory enables
  • 00:06:30
    tesla drivers to flick a button on the
  • 00:06:31
    app and summon their shiny motor from
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    its parking space to wherever they're
  • 00:06:35
    proudly standing
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    is only recommended for use on private
  • 00:06:38
    driveways and despite that slick traffic
  • 00:06:40
    aware cruise control system which
  • 00:06:41
    maintains
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    speeds until the vehicle ahead slows or
  • 00:06:44
    stops drivers are still legally required
  • 00:06:46
    to keep their hands on the wheel at
  • 00:06:48
    basically all times in order to take
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    over should anything go awry the car
  • 00:06:51
    will complain and ultimately stop
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    altogether if hands aren't on the wheel
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    constantly
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    not exactly autonomous autonomy in
  • 00:06:58
    vehicles is currently rated on an
  • 00:06:59
    internationally recognized one to five
  • 00:07:01
    scale
  • 00:07:02
    that's so-called level one automation a
  • 00:07:04
    single aspect of driving is automated
  • 00:07:06
    for instance traffic aware cruise
  • 00:07:08
    control this has been around for quite a
  • 00:07:09
    few years now
  • 00:07:10
    at the other end of the scale level five
  • 00:07:12
    automation promises the ultimate fantasy
  • 00:07:14
    of full vehicular autonomy
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    meaning the driver can catch up on
  • 00:07:17
    emails watch the scenery or simply enjoy
  • 00:07:19
    a well-earned nap
  • 00:07:20
    right now tesla is reluctantly marooned
  • 00:07:22
    at level two with only a couple of
  • 00:07:24
    aspects of their driving experience
  • 00:07:26
    automated
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    most notably speed control and lane
  • 00:07:29
    changing modern testers are technically
  • 00:07:30
    quite capable of say taking an exit ramp
  • 00:07:33
    and moving between highways
  • 00:07:34
    but legal and regulatory edicts insist
  • 00:07:36
    that a person still be in charge
  • 00:07:38
    at the wheel at all times and this is
  • 00:07:40
    quite right and proper by the way for
  • 00:07:41
    now at least
  • 00:07:42
    tragic failures can and do happen like
  • 00:07:45
    the passing of 38 year old apple
  • 00:07:46
    employee walter huang
  • 00:07:48
    whose tesla on autopilot mode slammed
  • 00:07:50
    into a concrete barrier while he was
  • 00:07:51
    reportedly playing on his phone
  • 00:07:53
    in march 2019 50 year old jeremy bear
  • 00:07:56
    and banners model 3
  • 00:07:57
    slammed into a tractor trailer
  • 00:07:59
    attempting to cross a florida highway at
  • 00:08:00
    68 miles per hour
  • 00:08:02
    shearing the roof clean off his car and
  • 00:08:04
    sadly ending his life
  • 00:08:05
    so despite its undeniable sophistication
  • 00:08:07
    and the bullish predictions of elon musk
  • 00:08:09
    autopilot isn't quite ready yet
  • 00:08:11
    supporters will point out
  • 00:08:13
    rightly perhaps that self-driving teslas
  • 00:08:15
    are on the whole better than human
  • 00:08:16
    drivers
  • 00:08:17
    certainly they never get drunk or tired
  • 00:08:19
    or stressed still
  • 00:08:20
    each and every tragic mishap in even the
  • 00:08:22
    most vaguely autonomous vehicle
  • 00:08:24
    sets back progress by months if not
  • 00:08:26
    years it's probably fair to trust that
  • 00:08:28
    elon musk's brainchild
  • 00:08:29
    an ingenious mixture of smart sensors
  • 00:08:31
    lightning fast ai and crowd-sourced
  • 00:08:33
    machine learning
  • 00:08:34
    will get us where we're going eventually
  • 00:08:36
    what do you think should regulators
  • 00:08:38
    lighten up and grant test a more
  • 00:08:39
    autonomous
  • 00:08:40
    freedom in its current form does tesla's
  • 00:08:41
    setup even deserve the name autopilot
  • 00:08:44
    let us know in the comments and don't
  • 00:08:45
    forget to hit subscribe for more free
  • 00:08:47
    wheeling tech content
Tags
  • Tesla
  • Autopilot
  • conduite autonome
  • capteurs
  • radar
  • sécurité
  • algorithme
  • intelligence artificielle
  • Lidar
  • algorithme de conduite