Wk 5 video 1 Introduction

00:11:02
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5HLuuRrkAs

Résumé

TLDRThe video explores the evolution of operating systems, detailing the development of Microsoft Windows and its foundation in Unix, highlighting key figures like Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie. It traces the significance of mainframes in early computing and how they paved the way for multi-user operating systems such as Unix. The narrative emphasizes the cultural and technological shifts introduced by Unix, leading to advancements in programming languages and the creation of Windows NT, which integrated networking capabilities into Windows server architecture.

A retenir

  • 💻 Understanding system administration is critical in managing servers.
  • 🖥️ The kernel is the core component of operating systems.
  • 📜 Microsoft's kernel has historical roots in CP/M.
  • 🖧 Mainframes were vital for shared computing in the past.
  • 🔄 Unix introduced multi-user capabilities for PCs.
  • 🌍 Key figures like Thompson and Ritchie shaped modern computing.
  • 📈 C programming language influenced many later languages.
  • 🏢 Xenix was Microsoft's response to Unix needs.
  • ⚙️ Windows NT marked a turning point for Windows servers.
  • 📅 Tracing back technology developments gives context to current systems.

Chronologie

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    The class at Eastern Michigan focuses on system administration, emphasizing the importance of understanding different types of servers, including network, web, and mail servers across various operating systems like Linux, Unix, and Windows. The discussion highlights the kernel as the core of an operating system, explaining its evolution from early computing systems such as CP/M and mainframes, which were primarily used by professionals in education and science for complex calculations, to the development of personal computing with Unix, allowing for multi-user capabilities.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:11:02

    Unix, created by Ken Thompson and enhanced by Dennis Ritchie with the C programming language, marked a significant shift in computing, making powerful computing accessible to institutions lacking mainframe budgets. This development was paralleled by the creation of Ethernet by Robert Metcalfe, which allowed for networked communication between PCs. The narrative also discusses Microsoft's early attempts to compete with Unix through its Xenix project, ultimately leading to the Windows NT kernel, which integrated multi-user networking into its architecture.

Carte mentale

Vidéo Q&R

  • What is the focus of the class discussed in the video?

    The class focuses on system administration and the heart of server management, particularly exploring the kernel.

  • What was the origin of the Microsoft kernel?

    The Microsoft kernel was based on CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers) and borrowed networking concepts from Unix.

  • What role did mainframes play in computing history?

    Mainframes allowed multiple users to perform complex calculations through time-sharing, serving various industries before personal computers became common.

  • Who were Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie?

    Ken Thompson co-created Unix, while Dennis Ritchie created the C programming language, which influenced many contemporary programming languages.

  • What is Xenix?

    Xenix was Microsoft's version of Unix, involved in a joint venture and later sold to IBM, influencing OS/2.

  • When was Windows NT released?

    Windows NT was released in 1993, marking a significant development in Windows server technology.

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  • 00:00:03
    [Music]
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    [Music]
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    so I
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    a244 here at Eastern Michigan is a
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    Windows class per se Microsoft Windows
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    but technically this is system
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    administration and at the heart of every
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    system admin's daily tasks are dealing
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    with servers of all kinds network
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    servers web servers mail servers all
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    kinds of that and when I say all kinds
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    all all kinds of flavors everything
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    everything from Linux to Unix to Windows
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    to redhead and everything in between so
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    what this week is going to be and
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    hopefully the majority of this semester
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    is an agnostic look at the heart of what
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    every server actually is meaning the
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    kernel at least this week we're going to
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    be exploring the kernel now the
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    Microsoft kernel the kernel not the
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    operating system itself of course the
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    kernel is the heart the nucleus of the
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    operating system but the Microsoft
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    kernel was actually based on something
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    called the
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    cp/m or the product was actually called
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    control for micro computers now that was
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    I'm going to say a unique and objective
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    and and kind of like a central
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    repository for products such as the
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    Osborne one and the K Pro 2 and the
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    original IBM PCS now these were all
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    brands from the70s Microsoft then borrow
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    concepts of its networking structure for
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    their uh for their Windows NT inspired
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    products from Unix of all places
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    speaking of Unix before there was such a
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    thing as Unix there was what they called
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    Mainframe IBM's Mainframe and that kind
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    of goes all the way back to the 60s and
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    70s of all places when Educators
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    mathematicians scientists and Architects
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    and the like all had to borrow time
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    meaning they had to take turns to use a
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    so-called dumb terminal which would have
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    wires that connected to a to the main
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    frame which was actually a time sharing
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    device everyone had an opportunity to
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    compute on this main frame now the main
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    frame was only there to do calculations
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    that the human being couldn't do and you
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    have to keep in mind this is before
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    actually calculators you could you know
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    when I I was born in 71 so I remember
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    when I was uh about 11 11 or 12 I got my
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    first calculator and I remember it was
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    very expensive it was probably 200 bucks
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    for a calculator an actual calculator
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    not a computer not like nowadays you can
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    get like a Chromebook or something for
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    like
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    $150 uh you could get a Raspberry Pi for
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    for a couple hundred bucks no I'm
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    talking about an actual calculator that
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    was maybe the size of your hand and all
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    I could do was add addition subtraction
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    division multiplication if you were
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    lucky it would have the memory function
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    it might have the square root function
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    but that's about it that was the
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    importance of a Mainframe because you
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    could do those important calculations
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    you know imagine calculations for space
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    exploration calculations for computing
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    I'm going to say airline flights you
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    know back then you know movie theaters
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    uh Airlines all you know education
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    Hospital
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    Financial they all use Mainframe now
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    Mainframe was used a lot in a lot of
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    places for Education too so when I was
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    picturing uh things people like
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    mathematicians scientists and Architects
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    these would have been at like
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    universities back then you know you you
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    didn't have the main frame in your house
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    or anything maybe if you're lucky if
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    you're working for one of those big ad
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    agencies and U Back if you ever watched
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    the show Madmen they might have had
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    certain axises to Mainframe but even
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    that was rare you know you had to go to
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    a certain special place like a
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    university to get a hold of this
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    Mainframe so your window you know to the
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    main frame was imagine a dumb terminal
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    it all a dumb terminal was was this uh
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    monitor with a keyboard and there was no
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    processing power at all on the keyboard
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    everything was literally uh all the
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    zeros and ones all the keystrokes in in
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    the I'm sorry I just got a text and I
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    was distracted for a second all the
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    keystrokes that were given U represented
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    zeros and ones let's say and it was the
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    processing power was either directly
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    connected to the main frame or all the
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    calculations you did were done on Punch
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    Cards and you actually brought the punch
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    cards to the main frame and you fed the
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    punch card into the main frame and the
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    main frame would spit out some sort of a
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    some sort of an answer for you it was
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    the Mainframe essentially was the
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    world's biggest calculator because
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    nobody had calculators back then then
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    there were companies like Sinclair that
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    made personal computers slightly more
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    powerful than the dumb Terminals and
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    they so in other words you actually had
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    local computing power a little bit and
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    not very much but then Ken Thompson in
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    all is Brilliance came out with
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    something called Unix Unix uh was more
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    powerful than in the main frame so you
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    actually had a personal computer that
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    you could actually consider a
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    workstation now you can finally do
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    things like you know 3D graphics and you
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    know you can actually H run actual
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    applications that you might consider
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    like maybe kind of like something like
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    you know organizing files and things
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    like that you know that you could do
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    with your computer today but the main
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    thing that Unix had what that was in
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    with the main frame was that you could
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    use multi it was mult made for
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    multi-users and so you had you could
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    have people log in or work on it and you
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    could do use time sharing algorithms so
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    that more than one person could utilize
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    one machine so Unix was kind of like the
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    grand popularized it it it kind of made
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    Mainframe accessible to universities and
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    and all that who didn't have the budget
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    for Mainframe okay um however the other
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    thing that Unix did Unix created a
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    cultural shift kind of like the Beatles
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    did for rock and roll so Unix
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    facilitated uh and basic basically when
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    I say this I'm going to use this phrase
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    they facilitated correlated advances
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    okay see Ken Thompson as I mentioned
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    before was the absolute genius who
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    nearly single-handedly wrote the
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    original proof of concept or POC of Unix
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    but it was written in a language called
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    be It Was His companion Dennis Richie
  • 00:07:39
    that wrote C and totally helped him
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    improve the original you know um the
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    original I'm going to say iteration of
  • 00:07:47
    Unix and and this Dennis Richie because
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    he he created C to write the next
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    invention or the next iteration of Unix
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    he you know by doing that they exploded
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    capabilities um maintainability or
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    portability of Unix but he also see
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    inspired other languages like C++ Java
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    python CP go Ruby rust everything every
  • 00:08:15
    language you pretty much see today all
  • 00:08:17
    have lineage traced directly to Dennis
  • 00:08:21
    Richie and all of that thanks to Unix
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    which necessitated the writing of c um
  • 00:08:27
    if you place Dennis Richie Ken Thompson
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    and maybe the originator of the ethernet
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    if you put them all in one room maybe
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    you could have the world's largest Geek
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    Squad and the person that you know what
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    I'm going to look it up right now I
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    cannot I've been trying to think of this
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    all day ethernet Creator and it's he's
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    on the top uh Robert metf Robert metf so
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    if you put Robert metf Dennis Richie and
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    Kent Thompson in the same room you'd
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    have the world's first Geek Squad
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    believe it or not and this is all
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    happening in the ' 60s 7s of course you
  • 00:09:05
    know the ethernet robbert meaf created
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    the ethernet in the early 80s he based
  • 00:09:12
    it off of the alohan net which is
  • 00:09:15
    Believe It or Not A shortwave radio
  • 00:09:17
    system and he said to himself hey if
  • 00:09:20
    they can do if they can share you know
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    information if they can transmit in
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    basically you know a small area uh you
  • 00:09:27
    know of distance with radio which is
  • 00:09:30
    what the alohanet was he said we can
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    transmit information from PC to PC with
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    simple like TI cable and he created the
  • 00:09:39
    world's first ethernet but that being
  • 00:09:41
    said Dennis Richie Ken Thompson and what
  • 00:09:45
    it's been a long day even though I had
  • 00:09:47
    today was my day off Robert mcaf so you
  • 00:09:49
    got Robert Robert mcaf Ken Thompson and
  • 00:09:51
    Dennis Richie that would make a hell of
  • 00:09:53
    a Geek Squad but anyways back to Unix
  • 00:09:57
    and Microsoft and all those all that um
  • 00:10:00
    you know that fun area believe it or not
  • 00:10:02
    have you ever heard of xenix xenix was
  • 00:10:06
    Microsoft answer Microsoft's answer to
  • 00:10:10
    Unix because it was kind of like a joint
  • 00:10:13
    venture and then the xenix project was
  • 00:10:17
    actually sold to IBM uh as an inspired
  • 00:10:20
    their os2 offerings if you've had ever
  • 00:10:23
    heard of products like db2 and whatnot
  • 00:10:26
    and Microsoft began their quote unquote
  • 00:10:29
    race to the NT kernel because uh and and
  • 00:10:35
    I'll I'll give you a good shortcut uh in
  • 00:10:38
    the uh right up above here because they
  • 00:10:41
    wanted to integrate networking meaning
  • 00:10:44
    multi-user into their kernel hence
  • 00:10:47
    Windows NT which came out in 1993 and
  • 00:10:51
    thus was the basis for all Windows
  • 00:10:53
    Server kernels until Windows Server 2000
  • 00:10:57
    so a little history lesson to put what
  • 00:10:59
    I'm about to talk about into context
Tags
  • Microsoft Windows
  • Linux
  • Unix
  • Kernel
  • System Administration
  • Mainframe
  • Ken Thompson
  • Dennis Ritchie
  • Xenix
  • Networking