Structure and Function of a Tongue

00:06:14
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYYiaJiz1l8

Résumé

TLDRThe video discusses the anatomy and function of the tongue, emphasizing its role in taste and speech. It explains how taste buds, made up of gustatory and basal cells, work to perceive flavors after food dissolves in saliva. It also notes that taste and smell are interdependent and introduces the recently discovered fifth taste, umami. A fun fact about the tongue's healing process after burns is shared.

A retenir

  • 👅 The tongue is a muscular organ essential for taste and speech.
  • 🍽️ Taste buds help us perceive flavors through receptor cells.
  • 🔥 Burning your tongue damages gustatory cells but they are replaced over time.
  • 🔍 There are roughly 10,000 taste buds on a human tongue.
  • 😋 The four basic tastes are sweet, salty, sour, and bitter.
  • 🌈 A fifth taste called umami has been discovered, meaning 'yummy'.
  • 💧 Food must dissolve in saliva to trigger taste signals.
  • 🧠 The brain processes taste signals and releases digestive enzymes.
  • 👃 Smell is crucial for tasting; a stuffy nose hinders flavor perception.
  • 💪 Healing of a burned tongue takes a few days as basal cells regenerate.

Chronologie

  • 00:00:00 - 00:06:14

    The video begins with a humorous exchange about burning a tongue on hot coffee, leading to a definition of the tongue as a muscular organ responsible for tasting food and aiding speech. The conversation transitions into an explanation of taste and how sensory information from taste buds, located on the tongue, mouth, and throat, helps identify flavors. The narrator describes the structure of taste buds, including gustatory and basal cells, while highlighting the importance of saliva in taste perception. The process of how taste signals are sent to the brain's taste area is also outlined, emphasizing the role of the brain in digesting food. A taste map of the tongue is presented, detailing the specific areas responsible for sensing different flavors. The video concludes with the discovery of a fifth taste, umami, and summarizes the key points about the tongue's anatomy and function.

Carte mentale

Vidéo Q&R

  • What is the function of the tongue?

    The tongue helps us taste food, feel its texture, and pronounce words.

  • How do taste buds work?

    Taste buds contain receptor cells that register and respond to molecules in food, allowing us to taste.

  • What happens when you burn your tongue?

    Burning your tongue damages gustatory cells, but they are replaced by basal cells over time.

  • What are the four main types of tastes?

    The four main types of tastes are sweet, salty, sour, and bitter.

  • What is umami?

    Umami is a fifth flavor recently discovered, meaning 'yummy' in Japanese.

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  • 00:00:00
    [Music]
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    spikey be careful it's eggs hot hot hot
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    great now I can't even taste my coffee
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    if you just listen to me you wouldn't
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    have burnt your tongue and tastebuds
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    it's okay I don't think my tongue is
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    that important anyway are you sure you
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    can't taste without your tongue and
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    what's more you can even talk without
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    your tongue go on try saying I love
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    science without moving your tongue ah
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    you're right it seems like I still need
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    my tongue after all good choice let's
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    define what a tongue is the tongue is a
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    muscular organ that helps us taste food
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    or feel it's texture it also helps us
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    pronounce words while we talk
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    I can't taste food properly now that
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    I've burned my tongue why is this
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    happening first please tell me how we
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    can taste something so as soon as we
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    take a bite of food
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    all this sensory information is quickly
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    sorted out by the 10,000 or so taste
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    buds covering our tongue mouth and upper
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    throat
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    see these little projections that make
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    your tongue kind of rough yes their
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    taste buds
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    no they are poeple I you can actually
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    see them if you look at your tongue in
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    the mirror but then there are the taste
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    buds
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    tastebuds are packed deep down in your
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    papal I each taste bud has 50 to 100
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    taste receptor cells which register and
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    respond to different molecules in your
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    food these receptor cells are of two
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    major types
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    the first type is gustatory or the kind
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    that actually does the tasting the
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    second type is Basel which ourselves
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    that replace the gustatory cells after
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    you burn them spiky burnt his gustatory
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    cells after drinking a hot cup of coffee
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    basal cells replace the gustatory cells
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    every week or so which is why even in
  • 00:02:31
    badly burned tongue we'll start healing
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    after a couple of days every gustatory
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    cell has thread like protrusions called
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    gustatory hair
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    these are present in a taste for which
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    is a small hole covering the taste bud
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    in order to taste any food items such as
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    coffee or cake the food chemicals must
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    first dissolve in saliva
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    this will cause the food chemicals to
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    diffuse through the taste pores and bind
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    to receptors on the gustatory cells thus
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    triggering taste signals once the signal
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    is activated the neurons transmit this
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    taste message to the taste area of the
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    cerebral cortex here the brain makes
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    sense of it all and begins to release
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    digestive enzymes in our saliva and
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    gastric juices in our stomachs to help
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    break down the food so that we can use
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    it
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    did you know there are around 10,000
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    taste buds present in the human tongue
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    these amazing little buds can detect
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    four different flavors sweet salty
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    our
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    and bitter
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    here is a taste map of our tongue the
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    tip of the tongue is responsible for
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    sensing sweet and salty tastes the sides
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    of the tongue detect sour taste while
  • 00:04:08
    the back of the tongue usually senses
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    bitter taste
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    but it won't be possible to enjoy these
  • 00:04:15
    flavors without our amazing sense of
  • 00:04:17
    smell as taste and smell are
  • 00:04:20
    interdependent so that is why when I had
  • 00:04:25
    a cold and stuffy nose I couldn't taste
  • 00:04:28
    my food properly exactly without the
  • 00:04:31
    incredible smelling power of the nose
  • 00:04:33
    you can't really taste much
  • 00:04:37
    time for a fun fact did you know that
  • 00:04:41
    recently a fifth flavor has been
  • 00:04:44
    discovered really yes
  • 00:04:47
    it's called umami
  • 00:04:50
    umami is the Japanese word for yummy
  • 00:04:54
    think of cheese ketchup and sauces made
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    with soy sauce yummy
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    today we'll all spiky you can't lick
  • 00:05:08
    frozen poles to heal your burnt tongue
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    you have to wait for the basal cells to
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    replace the gustatory cells
  • 00:05:18
    today we learned that the tongue is a
  • 00:05:21
    muscular organ that helps us talk in
  • 00:05:23
    taste the tongue is covered with rough
  • 00:05:27
    bumpy structures called papillae which
  • 00:05:30
    contain taste buds
  • 00:05:33
    tastebuds are made up of gustatory and
  • 00:05:36
    basal cells the gustatory cells are
  • 00:05:38
    present in the taste pores and contain
  • 00:05:41
    taste hair basal cells replace the
  • 00:05:44
    gustatory cells
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    once the food particles dissolve in the
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    saliva and touch the gustatory hair
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    signals are produced and transmitted to
  • 00:05:54
    the taste cortex in the brain thus
  • 00:05:57
    giving the sensation of taste
  • 00:06:02
    four main types of tastes sweet salty
  • 00:06:06
    sour and bitter
  • 00:06:10
    [Music]
Tags
  • tongue
  • taste
  • gustatory cells
  • basal cells
  • taste buds
  • flavors
  • umami
  • smell
  • sweet
  • sour
  • bitter
  • salty