Asma Bronkiale - Pulmonologi // MEDSCLUB

Introduction to pulmonology includes anatomy of the respiratory system, focusing on the division between upper and lower respiratory tracts at the vocal cords. It explains the structure and function of the trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, and alveoli, outlining the areas of conduction and respiration, as well as the surrounding thoracic cavity and pleura.

Review of respiratory examination methods including inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation is presented. While inspecting, students should observe chest symmetry and any abnormalities. Palpation evaluates thoracic wall expansion and tactile fremitus, while percussion assesses lung air content and fluid presence.

The auscultation reveals normal breath sounds and abnormal findings like wheezes and râles. Distinct auscultation patterns indicate possible lung conditions and the presence of lung fluids or obstructions. Maintaining the correct techniques and understanding normal vs. abnormal sounds is emphasized.

Focus shifts to the competencies required for diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma and pneumonia, linking them to clinical practice cases. Emphasizes evaluating respiratory function and symptoms during exams.

Asma bronkial is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and breathlessness, which can be triggered by various factors including allergens and stress, highlighting that not all dyspnea is asthma-related and the importance of correct diagnosis.

Physically examining asthma patients involves checking for symmetry unless in severe distress, associated percussion notes, and characteristic wheezing sounds during auscultation. The spirometry tests to determine bronchial obstructions and reversibility regarding medication response is crucial.