Cultural studies - Lecture 1.1

00:11:25
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yT2Ii-y6S14

Résumé

TLDRLa classe explora la morfologia de la cultura i la llengua de la cultura a través de diverses aproximacions teòriques. Diferencia entre cultura i civilització, i analitza les definicions de culturologia a Kazakhstan. La morfologia de la cultura examina l'estructura i tipologia de la cultura, utilitzant mètodes diversos. La cultura s'entén com un conjunt de tradicions, creences i formes d'expressió, amb aspectes dinàmics que evolucionen al llarg del temps. Els valors, normes i artefactes componen la cultura, amb lleus variacions entre societats. També es considera la importància dels símbols i la idea de memes com a unitats culturals que es transmeten entre generacions.

A retenir

  • 📚 La morfologia de la cultura investiga l'estructura cultural.
  • 🌍 La cultura inclou tradicions, creences i formes d'expressió.
  • ⚙️ Els valors, normes i artefactes són elements bàsics de la cultura.
  • 🧩 La cultura és un procés dinàmic que evoluciona amb el temps.
  • 🔍 Els símbols ajuden a la comunicació social i cultural.
  • 💡 Els memes són unitats culturals que es transmeten generacionalment.
  • 📖 La cultura pot ser vista com la memòria d'una societat.
  • ⚖️ Hi ha una distinció clara entre cultura i civilització.
  • 📅 Les definicions de culturologia han canviat al llarg dels anys.
  • 🤝 La cultura fomenta la comprensió i la comunicació entre individus.

Chronologie

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:00

    La primera part de la classe es concentra en la morfologia de la cultura i el llenguatge de la cultura, definint com els investigadors analitzen l'estructura, els nivells i la tipologia de la cultura. S'explora la dinàmica del concepte de cultura, que inclou tradicions, costums, creences, i més, destacant la importància de les normes i valors que ajuden a mantenir la comunicació i l'harmonia dins de la societat. El terme 'cultura' es presenta com un procés dinàmic que reflecteix les condicions canviants de la societat, amb referències a la seva etimologia i a la seva interpretació per part d'antropòlegs com Edward Burnett Tylor, que la defineix com un 'tot complex' que abasta coneixements, creences, arts i costums.

  • 00:05:00 - 00:11:25

    La segona part se centra en les aproximacions teòriques a la cultura, incloent la visió simbòlica que destaca la importància dels símbols en la comunicació i comprensió entre les persones. Es presenta la teoria dels memes de Richard Dawkins, que proposa que elements culturals es transmeten com a unitats que poden evolucionar amb el temps. Tot i que aquesta teoria ha generat controvèrsia, s'argumenta que la cultura pot ser vista com una 'memòria de la societat', amb definicions recopilades en diverses categories per Kraber i Clark, subratllant que la cultura és un conjunt d'informació, experiències i idees que es transmeten de generació en generació.

Carte mentale

Vidéo Q&R

  • Què és la morfologia de la cultura?

    És un camp d'estudi que investiga l'estructura, nivells i tipologia de la cultura.

  • Com es difereix cultura i civilització?

    S'ha de considerar com enfocar aquests termes en contextos socials diferents.

  • Quins són els elements bàsics de la cultura?

    Els valors, normes i artefactes són els elements essencials que defineixen una cultura.

  • Què són els memes en el context cultural?

    Els memes són unitats de cultura que es difonen a través de generacions com un tipus de 'codi' cultural.

  • Quin és el paper dels símbols en la cultura?

    Els símbols fan que la cultura sigui accessible i comprensible.

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Sous-titres
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  • 00:00:02
    the topic of today
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    first lecture is morphology of culture
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    and language of culture
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    and today we try to understand what is
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    culture through different basic
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    theoretical approaches also try to
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    distinguish the difference between
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    culture and civilization and usage of
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    culturology definitions in previous
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    years and nowadays in kazakhstan
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    so before we start
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    let's to explain what is morphology of
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    culture and language of culture so
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    morphology of culture is specific
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    direction
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    field in cultural studies that
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    investigate structure levels and
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    typology of culture in morphology of
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    culture scientists use structural
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    functional
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    semantic and genetic methods
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    to explain concept of culture today we
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    are focusing mostly in our lecture on
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    morphology of culture and we will try to
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    understand what is culture from
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    different theoretical sites
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    the language of culture is a
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    symbols
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    forms science and text that helps people
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    to communicate
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    with each other and understand each
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    other and we talk about it most more
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    properly in the first seminar
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    so then
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    we ask
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    what is culture
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    different thoughts
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    come up in our mind
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    for many of us culture is
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    traditions
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    customs
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    beliefs for some of us
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    it's religion architecture could be
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    music cinematography
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    and for few of us it's behavior
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    etiquettes everyday habits and so on
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    and everyone would be right since
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    culture is a complex of features led by
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    a social group as a small group as a
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    family or tribes
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    and as a large
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    social group as a nation and state
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    in the dictionary of thethology culture
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    has been called the way of life for
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    entire society
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    such it's
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    since it includes
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    the set of
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    rules manners language religions rituals
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    and so on
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    through following to
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    these rules and norms in our society
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    it's helped us society and humanity to
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    build a good communication to build a
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    good harmony and society and to avoid
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    conflict inside of society
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    in this the elements of culture are
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    first adopted by members of the social
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    group
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    found found to be useful
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    and then transmitted or propagated by
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    others
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    in this way culture is both
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    defined by a society and social
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    activities
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    and also defines the behavior of the
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    members of the society
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    culture
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    so
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    couldn't be statistic or fixed it's a
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    dynamic process
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    since culture is changed due to the
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    conditions and challenges that we have
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    in our society
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    originally the word culture from latin
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    calorie means to inhabit to cultivate
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    auto honor the first time
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    using agricultural metaphora like a
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    culture he used
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    a rather
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    raman writer citroen in his work to
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    scholarly despotitudes
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    and he used this term like like a
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    culture anime
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    and refers it and connect it with
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    human soul development and understood as
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    the highest possible ideal goal for
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    human development
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    anthropologists
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    most commonly use the term culture to
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    refer to the universal human capacity to
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    classify codify and communicate they
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    experience symbolically
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    edward vernon-taylor english
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    anthropologist and the founder of
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    cultural anthropology wrote in his book
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    that culture or civilization taken in
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    its wide anthropological sense it's a
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    complex whole which includes knowledge
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    belief art moral slow customs and any
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    other capabilities and habits that
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    acquired by a man as a member of society
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    in this definition we understood that
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    the main subject
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    in cultural life is
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    men or society or humanity
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    another definition of culture introduced
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    by unesco
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    and defined culture as a set of
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    distinctive spiritual
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    emotional intellectual material features
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    of society or
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    social group
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    that is encompasses in addition to art
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    literature lifestyle ways of living
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    together
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    value system traditions and beliefs so
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    through this definition we understood
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    that
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    culture could involve different spheres
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    of
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    human activity and humans life
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    another common way
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    to understand what is culture
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    is understanding culture through main
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    three elements like values norms and
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    artifacts
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    values comprise ideas about what is
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    important for person and for humanity in
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    their lives
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    norms is expectation
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    of how people will behave and should
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    behave in different situations
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    artifacts
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    or things of material culture derive
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    from the culture values and norms so we
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    could
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    differentiate cultures
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    through values and norms we could say
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    that each society has
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    different norms and values and
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    prioritize these norms and values
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    differently that's why we can see
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    that we differentiate from each other
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    if you talk
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    about theoretical approaches of
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    understanding of culture the main or
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    basic theoretical approaches the first
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    one is symbolic view
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    of culture the legacy of clifford gears
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    and victor turner holds symbols
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    to be both the practice of social actors
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    and context that gives such practice
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    meaning
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    so they understood that culture is a
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    system of sign but these science
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    were created by human and his activities
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    the analysis of science is always an
  • 00:06:54
    analysis of human action and human
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    perception
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    another scientist
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    anthony kahan
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    wrote the symbolic gloss which allows
  • 00:07:06
    social actors or social
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    subjects to use common symbols
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    to communicate and understand each other
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    and every person put on meaning of
  • 00:07:17
    different science like a personal based
  • 00:07:20
    on personal experience
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    symbols provides the limits of culture
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    thoughts
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    member of culture rely on these symbols
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    to frame their thoughts
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    and expression in intelligible terms
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    in short
  • 00:07:36
    symbols make culture possible reducible
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    and readable
  • 00:07:44
    second
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    uh theoretical approach is sort of
  • 00:07:47
    biological theory that argues
  • 00:07:49
    that observers can't best understand
  • 00:07:52
    many aspects of culture in the light of
  • 00:07:55
    concepts of memes that was introduced
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    firstly by richard dawkins in his book
  • 00:08:01
    the selfish gene dawkins has suggested
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    the existence of units of culture is
  • 00:08:07
    memes
  • 00:08:09
    so
  • 00:08:10
    actually we understand that nim
  • 00:08:14
    typically understood as a joke
  • 00:08:17
    and
  • 00:08:18
    in this slide you could see
  • 00:08:21
    the meme the explanation of meme
  • 00:08:25
    that shows the blind ignorance of not
  • 00:08:28
    knowing what is right in front of you so
  • 00:08:30
    when we
  • 00:08:32
    uh so meme in on the internet it
  • 00:08:34
    couldn't
  • 00:08:37
    be equal
  • 00:08:39
    of understanding of full picture of what
  • 00:08:42
    is a culture
  • 00:08:44
    or next
  • 00:08:45
    and next slide also you could see the
  • 00:08:47
    examples of meme
  • 00:08:49
    like advice for you guys
  • 00:08:51
    uh downside wikipedia cite the source
  • 00:08:54
    from wikipedia be wise and use wisely
  • 00:08:57
    information that you took from the
  • 00:08:58
    internet
  • 00:09:01
    but the original definitions describes
  • 00:09:04
    it as a container for an idea or a unit
  • 00:09:08
    of culture like a fashion trend or blues
  • 00:09:12
    melody that can trainer spread
  • 00:09:15
    throughout culture through generation to
  • 00:09:18
    generation
  • 00:09:20
    through processes of natural selection
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    memes that capture a popular feeling or
  • 00:09:27
    cultural moment get passed on
  • 00:09:30
    while those less applicable to
  • 00:09:32
    contemporary culture die out so
  • 00:09:36
    according to dawkins richard hawkins
  • 00:09:38
    memes
  • 00:09:39
    is a roughly analogous to gen genes in
  • 00:09:43
    revolutionary biology
  • 00:09:45
    there are scripts
  • 00:09:46
    of culture repeatable and transferable
  • 00:09:50
    through action through language through
  • 00:09:55
    different thoughts
  • 00:09:57
    and so on even when we read something
  • 00:10:01
    and also
  • 00:10:03
    it could be considered as a
  • 00:10:05
    part of memes
  • 00:10:07
    unfortunately this theory wasn't
  • 00:10:10
    acceptable
  • 00:10:11
    by
  • 00:10:13
    anthropologists
  • 00:10:15
    but at least
  • 00:10:16
    these terms still exist exists nowadays
  • 00:10:19
    in modern culture
  • 00:10:22
    so we could see that there are a lot of
  • 00:10:25
    definition of what is culture and i have
  • 00:10:29
    kraber and clyde clark and tried to
  • 00:10:32
    gather
  • 00:10:33
    more than 2 000 definition of culti in
  • 00:10:37
    one book that called
  • 00:10:38
    culture a critical review of concepts
  • 00:10:41
    and definitions and then they tried to
  • 00:10:45
    divide all information into groups or
  • 00:10:47
    eight categories that could be topical
  • 00:10:50
    historical behavioral normative and so
  • 00:10:52
    on and clahan suggested that culture is
  • 00:10:56
    to society what memory is to individual
  • 00:11:00
    so he understood that the culture is a
  • 00:11:03
    memory of society culture can be viewed
  • 00:11:07
    as a collection of information
  • 00:11:10
    experience
  • 00:11:11
    ideas and so words that were found
  • 00:11:15
    useful widely adopted and considered
  • 00:11:19
    worth transmitting to future generations
Tags
  • cultura
  • morfologia
  • música
  • nacions
  • civilitats
  • valors
  • normes
  • artefactes
  • símbols
  • memes