Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning

00:05:34
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jd7Jdug5SRc

Résumé

TLDRThe video discusses classical conditioning, a learning process where a biological response is triggered by a new stimulus. It focuses on Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs, where he paired food (unconditioned stimulus) with a metronome (neutral stimulus) to create a conditioned response (salivation) to the metronome alone. The video explains the mechanisms behind this learning, the conditions for effective conditioning, and the concept of extinction. It also poses questions about the implications of classical conditioning in advertising and mental manipulation.

A retenir

  • 🐶 Classical conditioning involves pairing a stimulus with a biological response.
  • 🔬 Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs demonstrated this learning process.
  • 🍖 Food is an unconditioned stimulus that naturally triggers a response.
  • 🎶 A metronome becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with food.
  • ⚠️ Extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus.
  • 🧠 New synaptic connections form in the brain during conditioning.
  • 📈 You can test conditioning effects by measuring pulse rates.
  • 📺 The video questions if commercials manipulate our responses.
  • 💡 Classical conditioning cannot create new behaviors, only trigger involuntary responses.
  • 💖 Support educational content by joining Sprouts on Patreon.

Chronologie

  • 00:00:00 - 00:05:34

    Classical conditioning is a learning process where a biological response is triggered by a new stimulus. Ivan Pavlov's experiments in the 1890s with dogs demonstrated this concept. He observed that dogs salivated at the sight of their feeder, leading him to test if a metronome could elicit the same response when paired with food. After conditioning, the dogs salivated to the metronome alone, illustrating the transition from a neutral stimulus to a conditioned stimulus. Pavlov identified key aspects of this learning process, including the rapidity of learning, differences in saliva composition, the limitations of classical conditioning in creating new behaviors, and the possibility of extinction. The neurological basis involves the formation of synaptic connections between stimuli and responses. A classroom exercise demonstrates this principle, showing that conditioned responses can occur without direct engagement. The discussion raises questions about the effectiveness of classical conditioning and its implications in advertising, suggesting a need for scrutiny in public advertising practices.

Carte mentale

Vidéo Q&R

  • What is classical conditioning?

    Classical conditioning is a learning process where a stimulus that triggers a biological response is paired with a new stimulus, resulting in the same reaction.

  • Who is known for classical conditioning research?

    Ivan Pavlov is known for his research on classical conditioning, particularly his experiments with dogs.

  • What is an unconditioned stimulus?

    An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that naturally triggers a biological response without prior learning.

  • What is a conditioned stimulus?

    A conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, triggers a conditioned response.

  • What is extinction in classical conditioning?

    Extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus, leading to a decrease in the conditioned response.

  • Can classical conditioning create new behaviors?

    No, classical conditioning triggers involuntary biological responses and does not create new behaviors.

  • What happens in the brain during classical conditioning?

    New synaptic connections occur between the auditory stimulus and the behavioral response, strengthening over time.

  • How can you test classical conditioning?

    You can test it by measuring pulse rate responses to a stimulus after conditioning.

  • Are commercials a form of mental manipulation?

    The video raises the question of whether classical conditioning in advertising can be seen as mental manipulation.

  • How can I support Sprouts?

    You can support Sprouts by joining their patrons on Patreon.

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  • 00:00:01
    Classical conditioning is a way of learning where a stimulus that triggers
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    a biological response is paired with a new stimulus that then results in the
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    same reaction. The most famous work in classical
  • 00:00:15
    conditioning was done by Ivan Pavlov in the 1890s. During this time Pavlov did a
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    lot of research around the digestive processes of dogs. One day during his
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    research Pavlov noticed that the dogs began to salivate in the presence of the
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    technician who normally fed them. He wondered if the technician was a trigger
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    that stimulated a response associated with food? To find out he constructed an
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    experiment that would allow him to measure a dog's output of saliva. First
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    he served the dog food. Then he served food while playing the sounds of a
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    metronome and repeated the process a few times.
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    finally he removed the food and only played the metronome. The dogs began to
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    salivate in response to the metronome alone. Pavlov concluded that if a new
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    stimulus was present when the dog was given food then that stimulus became
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    associated with food and caused salivation on its own.
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    When he published his findings Pavlov called the food an "unconditioned
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    stimulus" because its effects on the dog were not learned instead they triggered
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    an "unconditioned response" that happened naturally and completely out of the
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    dog's control. the metronome is at first a "neutral stimulus" through the process
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    of repetitive pairing with food the dog learns to connect the two. This means
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    that the "neutral stimulus" becomes the "conditioned stimulus" and the response to
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    that a "conditioned response". He also reported that 1) learning occurred most
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    rapidly when the interval between the sound and the appearance of the food was
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    short. 2) the saliva produced by the sound differed in composition from that
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    produced by the food, which means that the conditioned response was not an
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    exact replica of the unconditioned response. 3) while there are several forms
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    of conditioning such as forward and backward conditioning, classical
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    conditioning cannot create new behavior or be used for training, but instead
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    triggers involuntary biological responses. 4) we can almost entirely
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    undo the conditioning. This happens through extinction: when we repeatedly
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    present the conditioned stimulus in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus.
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    So what occurs inside the brain? When a dog sees the food the signals from the
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    eyes and nose stimulate the brain which activates the salivation glands to
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    secrete saliva to aid the dog with the digestion. When a dog hears a sound the
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    ears send a signal to the brain which takes note but has no reason to activate
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    anything. When the two different neurological processes are being
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    activated simultaneously new synaptic connections occur between the auditory
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    stimulus and the behavioral response. Over time these synapses are
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    strengthened so that it only takes the sound to activate the pathway leading to
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    salivation. You can try this popular classroom
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    exercise: take a friend, sit down and relax for two minutes. Then allow your
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    partner to check and record your pulse rate. Your partner will then tap a pencil
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    on the desk, five times. Right after stand up and hop on one leg for 30 seconds and
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    then check your pulse again! Repeat the procedure four times having the partner
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    record all data. After relaxing for the fifth time your partner will tap the
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    pencil five times as usual now instead of getting up for your exercise, only
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    check your pulse. If the conditioning was successful your
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    pulse rate will rise even without engaging in exercise!
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    What do you think does classical conditioning always work? If so, are
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    commercials a form of mental manipulation and should we limit
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    advertising in public spaces?
  • 00:04:42
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Tags
  • classical conditioning
  • Ivan Pavlov
  • unconditioned stimulus
  • conditioned stimulus
  • extinction
  • learning process
  • advertising
  • mental manipulation
  • biological response
  • synaptic connections