Mengapa Dalam Sejarah: Berakhirnya Jaman Kejayaan Islam

00:06:54
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HPouKmmsBA

Résumé

TLDREpisod ini membincangkan pengaruh Zaman Keemasan Islam terhadap dunia moden, menyoroti sumbangan ilmuwan seperti Al-Kindi, Al-Khayyam, Al-Khwārizmī, dan Ibn Rushd. Al-Kindi dikenali sebagai penggubal sistem nombor Hindu-Arab, manakala Al-Khayyam terkenal dengan segi empat Khayyam-Saccheri dan konsep Segitiga Pascal. Al-Khwārizmī adalah pelopor algoritma dan algebra, dan Ibn Rushd merupakan seorang polimatik yang mempertahankan nilai logik dalam sains. Namun, Zaman Keemasan ini berakhir akibat kritikan Al-Ghazali terhadap falsafah Yunani dan serangan tentera Mongol yang menghancurkan Baghdad dan pusat pengetahuan Bait Al-Hikmah. Walaupun banyak peradaban muncul dan jatuh, penting untuk membina masyarakat yang terbuka dan berpengetahuan untuk mencapai zaman keemasan seterusnya.

A retenir

  • 📚 Al-Kindi menulis sekitar 260 buku.
  • 🔢 Al-Khayyam menyumbang kepada matematik dengan segi empat Khayyam-Saccheri.
  • 📐 Konsep Segitiga Pascal dikaitkan dengan Al-Khayyam.
  • 🧮 Al-Khwārizmī adalah pelopor algoritma dan algebra.
  • 🌌 Ibn Rushd mengkaji pelbagai bidang termasuk logik dan perubatan.
  • ⚔️ Kritikan Al-Ghazali terhadap falsafah Yunani mempengaruhi sains Islam.
  • 🏛️ Bait Al-Hikmah adalah pusat pengetahuan yang dihancurkan oleh Mongol.
  • 📜 Al-Tusi menyelamatkan manuskrip ke observatorium Maragheh.
  • 🌍 Peradaban muncul dan jatuh, tetapi pengetahuan adalah kunci.
  • 🔍 Masyarakat yang terbuka dan berpengetahuan diperlukan untuk zaman keemasan seterusnya.

Chronologie

  • 00:00:00 - 00:06:54

    Dalam episod ini, kita membincangkan pengaruh Zaman Keemasan Islam terhadap dunia moden, menyoroti sumbangan ilmuwan seperti Al-Kindi, Al-Khayyam, Al-Khwārizmī, dan Ibn Rushd. Al-Kindi, yang mengetuai pasukan terjemahan di Bait Al-Hikmah, menghasilkan banyak karya dan memperkenalkan sistem nombor Hindu-Arab. Al-Khayyam terkenal dengan sumbangannya dalam matematik dan astronomi, termasuk segi empat Khayyam-Saccheri dan konsep Segitiga Pascal. Al-Khwārizmī, bapa algoritma, mengembangkan aljabar dan memetakan pergerakan planet. Ibn Rushd, seorang polymath, mempertahankan nilai logik dan kaedah saintifik dalam budaya Islam. Namun, Zaman Keemasan ini berakhir akibat kritikan Al-Ghazali terhadap falsafah Yunani dan serangan tentera Mongol yang menghancurkan Baghdad, termasuk Bait Al-Hikmah. Manuskrip yang terselamat menjadi sumber rujukan bagi saintis Eropah semasa Renaissance. Sejarah menunjukkan bahawa zaman keemasan hanya dapat berkembang dalam masyarakat yang terbuka, rasional, dan dahagakan ilmu. Adakah kita bersedia untuk membina zaman keemasan seterusnya?

Carte mentale

Vidéo Q&R

  • Siapa Al-Kindi?

    Al-Kindi adalah seorang ilmuwan yang menulis sekitar 260 buku dan mengembangkan sistem nombor Hindu-Arab.

  • Apa sumbangan Al-Khayyam dalam matematik?

    Al-Khayyam terkenal dengan segi empat Khayyam-Saccheri dan konsep Segitiga Pascal.

  • Apa yang dikembangkan oleh Al-Khwārizmī?

    Al-Khwārizmī adalah pelopor algoritma dan algebra, serta memetakan pergerakan planet.

  • Siapa Ibn Rushd?

    Ibn Rushd adalah seorang polimatik yang mengkaji pelbagai bidang termasuk logik, falsafah, dan perubatan.

  • Apa yang menyebabkan kejatuhan Zaman Keemasan Islam?

    Kritikan Al-Ghazali terhadap falsafah Yunani dan serangan tentera Mongol adalah faktor utama.

  • Apa itu Bait Al-Hikmah?

    Bait Al-Hikmah adalah pusat pengetahuan yang dihancurkan oleh tentera Mongol.

  • Siapa yang menyelamatkan manuskrip dari Bait Al-Hikmah?

    Al-Tusi menyelamatkan manuskrip ke observatorium Maragheh di Azerbaijan.

  • Apa yang kita perlukan untuk membina zaman keemasan seterusnya?

    Masyarakat yang terbuka, rasional, toleran, dan dahagakan pengetahuan.

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Défilement automatique:
  • 00:00:12
    If in Previous episodes
  • 00:00:15
    We have discussed the various factors that led to the Golden Age of Islam
  • 00:00:19
    In this episode,
  • 00:00:21
    Will tell
  • 00:00:22
    Regarding the real influence of the era on the modern world
  • 00:00:27
    Apart from Ibn Sina,
  • 00:00:28
    This era also produced other scientists
  • 00:00:31
    No less important
  • 00:00:33
    Like Al-Kindi
  • 00:00:35
    What was believed by the Caliph Al-Ma'mun
  • 00:00:37
    As head of the translation team for ancient philosophical texts
  • 00:00:41
    From Greece and Rome in Bait Al-Hikmah
  • 00:00:45
    Al-Kindi is a very great scientist
  • 00:00:48
    In his lifetime,
  • 00:00:49
    He has written approximately 260 book titles
  • 00:00:54
    He is also one of the first scientists
  • 00:00:57
    Which adopted and perfected Indian figures
  • 00:01:00
    being the Hindu-Arabic 0-9 number system
  • 00:01:05
    The number system,
  • 00:01:06
    Later it will be very influential and become an important basis
  • 00:01:10
    For economy and commerce in modern times
  • 00:01:14
    Speaking of numbers,
  • 00:01:16
    There is also Al-Khayyam or Omar Khayam
  • 00:01:20
    An expert mathematician
  • 00:01:22
    Astronomy, and the great Poet
  • 00:01:25
    His biggest contribution to the world of mathematics
  • 00:01:29
    Is the Khayyam-Saccheri quadrilateral
  • 00:01:32
    Al-Khayyam is one of the main figures
  • 00:01:35
    Which describes the concept of Pascal's Triangle
  • 00:01:38
    It is not surprising that there are many mathematicians
  • 00:01:42
    Which gives the name of this binomial translation
  • 00:01:44
    As the Khayyam-Pascal triangle
  • 00:01:48
    Discussing the heyday of Islam
  • 00:01:50
    It would not be complete if we did not mention the other two great scientists
  • 00:01:55
    Al-Khwārizmī and Ibn Rushd
  • 00:01:58
    Al-Khwārizmī is the most important scientist behind algorithms
  • 00:02:03
    Its greatest contribution has been developing a special approach
  • 00:02:07
    To solve linear and quadratic equations
  • 00:02:10
    What we now know as algebra
  • 00:02:14
    other than that
  • 00:02:16
    Al-Khwārizmī also managed to map the movement of the sun,
  • 00:02:20
    the moon, and the five other planets
  • 00:02:23
    Which was later stated in his book entitled
  • 00:02:26
    Zij al-Sindhind
  • 00:02:28
    Ibn Rushd or Averroes
  • 00:02:30
    Is a polimatik Muslim who was born in Andalusia, Spain
  • 00:02:35
    As a polymath, the scope of the field he studied
  • 00:02:39
    Of course not limited to just one area
  • 00:02:41
    But it is very broad from logic,
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    Philosophy, psychology,
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    Mathematical Geography
  • 00:02:49
    Until medicine
  • 00:02:51
    Ibn Rushd is also known as the last Muslim scientist
  • 00:02:54
    Who steadfastly strives for logical values,
  • 00:02:58
    And scientific methods in Islamic culture in the midst of the opposition movement
  • 00:03:03
    One of the most important figures in the opposition movement
  • 00:03:06
    Is Al Ghazali
  • 00:03:08
    He is a character who declares
  • 00:03:10
    That the mixing of Greek philosophical teachings from the time of Aristotle
  • 00:03:15
    Until Avisena and Al-Farabi were lost
  • 00:03:18
    Because according to his view
  • 00:03:20
    Not in accordance with Islamic teachings
  • 00:03:23
    After 500 years as the center of the development of science, philosophy and literature
  • 00:03:29
    Finally the heyday of Islam ended
  • 00:03:33
    There are many things that caused the decline of Islamic civilization
  • 00:03:37
    However, there are several reasons that stand out
  • 00:03:40
    Among others,
  • 00:03:42
    Al-Ghazali's criticism against the influence of Greek philosophy
  • 00:03:46
    Who upholds logic in scientific reasoning in the Islamic world civilization
  • 00:03:51
    At that very moment
  • 00:03:53
    Muslims began to lose their curiosity about science
  • 00:03:58
    Another factor of the decline of Islamic civilization is no less important
  • 00:04:03
    Namely the success of the Mongol military offensive
  • 00:04:05
    In defeating the Khwarezmian military
  • 00:04:09
    Downfall of the Khwarezmian dynasty to the Mongols
  • 00:04:13
    Creating the Abbasid Caliphate
  • 00:04:15
    Became open to Mongol attacks
  • 00:04:18
    This is not surprising
  • 00:04:21
    Because the Arab troops had to face the attacks of the Mongols
  • 00:04:24
    Consisting of multinational troops
  • 00:04:27
    These troops have various ways
  • 00:04:30
    In attacking the defenses of cities in the Middle East
  • 00:04:34
    In their first attack they were led directly under Genghis Khan
  • 00:04:39
    The second attack of the Mongol forces was led by Hulagu Khan,
  • 00:04:43
    The grandson of Genghis Khan
  • 00:04:46
    After defeating the organization "Ḥashashiyan"
  • 00:04:49
    Decided to direct his Mongol troops towards the city of Baghdad
  • 00:04:55
    He refused to submit to Mongol rule
  • 00:04:58
    The Abbasid Caliphate decided to fight against the invasion
  • 00:05:03
    However, the Mongol military capabilities were far superior
  • 00:05:07
    Both in terms of experience and weaponry
  • 00:05:10
    Managed to destroy Baghdad's defenses
  • 00:05:14
    From since the beginning of the siege of the City of Baghdad
  • 00:05:17
    Namely on January 29th
  • 00:05:19
    Mongol troops,
  • 00:05:21
    It only took a few days for the city of Baghdad to surrender
  • 00:05:25
    February 13th
  • 00:05:27
    The Mongol troops decided to destroy the city of Baghdad
  • 00:05:31
    Complete with library
  • 00:05:33
    And the most complete center of knowledge at that time was Bait Al-Hikmah
  • 00:05:37
    Fortunately,
  • 00:05:39
    Hundreds of thousands of manuscripts from Bait Al-Hikmah
  • 00:05:41
    Was saved by Al-Tusi
  • 00:05:44
    To the Maragheh observatory, Azerbaijan
  • 00:05:47
    Which later became one of the reference sources
  • 00:05:50
    And inspiration from European scientists
  • 00:05:52
    During the Renaissance and Enlightenment
  • 00:05:56
    Various world civilizations always arise and fall
  • 00:06:00
    But if you look at history,
  • 00:06:02
    We can conclude that it was a heyday
  • 00:06:06
    Can only grow in a society that wants to think openly,
  • 00:06:10
    Rational, tolerant, and thirsty for knowledge
  • 00:06:14
    Are we ready to build the next glorious age?
Tags
  • Zaman Keemasan Islam
  • Al-Kindi
  • Al-Khayyam
  • Al-Khwārizmī
  • Ibn Rushd
  • Bait Al-Hikmah
  • Falsafah Yunani
  • Kritikan Al-Ghazali
  • Tentera Mongol
  • Manuskrip